Markin: China's rise and civilized influence model evolution

COLIN MACKERRAS Academician of the School of Humanities and Sciences of Australia, Professor Rongxie University of Greeis University in Australia;

Research direction: Sino -Australian relations, Chinese ethnic minorities;

Masterpieces: "China Ethnic Minority and Globalization", "I see China: China's image in the West since 1949".

The coexistence of China and Western civilization has been existed for a long time. Of course, China and the West are not the only two civilizations in the world, but this article mainly selects these two civilizations as research objects. The author hopes to find some rules by exploring the macro map of history. For example, the evolution of the historical rise and fall of China and the West and the future prospects, how should we interpret the influence of the contemporary world and the various civilizations. The basic conclusion is that, first of all, the comparison of the power structure between Western countries, especially the United States and China has changed, and will continue to evolve in the direction of China. Secondly, China does not seek dominant position, but wants to build a multi -pole world together, at least to achieve an equal status among countries. Finally, the development of new coronary pneumonia epidemic and Russia and Ukraine conflicts may accelerate the above trends. Although it is too early to conclude, these trends are definitely unstoppable. In other words, the balance pattern between China and Western countries will continue to develop in the direction that is conducive to China.

From a historical perspective

From the historical background, China has never dominated the world, but Chinese culture once became the mainstream in the area. The famous land Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road brought products, ideas and culture to the vast Asia -Europe continent, and its influence continued for several centuries. The influence of Chinese civilization has reached several peaks, including the early Tang Dynasty and Zheng He in the early Ming Dynasty. But China has never tried to conquer other countries, nor does it leave the army in the local area. In the late 18th century, the influence of Chinese civilization declined, and the western industrial economy and imperialist thoughts rose, and then a history of humiliation for a century. Then the rise of China, especially under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. At the beginning, China's rise was a gradual way, but later developed rapidly, and the momentum became more and more fierce. The characteristics of China's rise include the rapid economic growth, especially through the implementation of the "Belt and Road" initiative, the global influence has continued to expand and cultural influence continues to increase. In addition, there are amazing technological rise, such as the leader of the telecommunications field -Huawei, coupled with the development of space research and high -speed rail networks, these achievements are very significant.

Now turning its eyes to the West, from the 15th century, the exchanges between the Americas and the European continent have been deepened. Although it is not necessarily Columbus "discovered" the Americas, he did promote mutual exchanges between Europe and the American continent, and it was of extremely important significance. The important reason is that these so -called "discovery" have led to colonial conquest of subsequent European countries, which is completely different from the purpose of Zheng He's to the west. After the European countries discovered the Americas, they were conquest. We can see that the Spaniards have conquered the Aztek Empire in Mexico and the Inca Empire in Peru. In the process, France, Britain and other countries have participated. These countries have continuously captured other land and stationed in the army, hoping to permanently maintain their own cultural and political influence, which is completely different from China's approach.

In the 18th century, the European Enlightenment moved. During the same period, the industrial revolution also broke out in Britain, which led to the modernity we now call, promoted the rise of bourgeoisie, imperialism, colonialism, and the prevalence of white supremacy. However, one thing that cannot be ignored is that the economy of these countries has benefited from this. In addition, all of this is based on slavery. It is a slavery of white people on blacks and has a huge impact on world history. For example, the United Kingdom first passed business means, and then gradually conquered India with all the military force of private companies, which completely conquered India and completely turned India into a British colony. Later, Britain took over India, established hegemony, and established the British's supreme position in India.

The United States has gradually risen in the 20th century. The reason for its rise is that although it participated in two world wars, it participated very late and made a profit. Taking World War II as an example, the United States did participate in a counterattack in Japan, but it was not until the end of 1941 to declare war on Japan. As for the European battlefield, the United States did not participate in 1944. The United States calculated the credit of the victory of the war on its own, but at the same time, its homeland was safe and sound, and it was hardly affected. Comparing the United States and European countries, we can find that although the Britain was not occupied during World War II, it was bombed, but the United States was unharmed. Even after the war, it became a global leading force. Many Americans believe that this is the right to them by God, and they should be the best nation. Until now, many people still hold this attitude. Of course, the United States does have technical advantages and is also the leader of global technology. But its technical advantages are gradually being surpassed by China. This is the world situation we see now.

Focus on contemporary development overall situation

Today, the United States is trying to maintain its status in the world. For example, in Russia and Ukraine's conflict, the United States has always played the role of stirrs, trying to maintain hegemony, and become the beneficiary of the Russian -Ukraine conflict in a short time. In addition, the United States has always tried to curb China's rise and conducts very specific means. On March 28, 2022, the fact list in the report of the "2022 National Defense Strategy" released by the United States showed that the US Department of Defense will adopt emergency action to maintain and strengthen deterrent to China. The United States regards China as the most important strategic competitors, even more important opponents than Russia. In Russia and Ukraine's conflict, the United States has sanctioned it in order to destroy the Russian economy. However, due to China's rapid rise in technology and space research, and increasing economic development and cultural influence, the influence of Chinese civilization in the world is increasing, and the United States still places China in a more priority competitive position. In addition, with the in -depth development of globalization, the United States hopes to maintain the status of the only superpowers in the single world and does not want to share any power unless it is an ally like Europe that is completely consistent with the United States. However, even in the face of Europe, the United States hopes to spend on the allies.

In contrast, China does not seek world dominance. China hopes to establish a multi -pole world, and it also wants to maintain its global model through the "Belt and Road" initiative, which is very important. Western countries seem to want to build their own global model, but some people think that the United States is gradually giving up the concept of globalization recently. The author believes that what the United States wants is to maintain its global influence and protect its interests in the global economy.而中国的目的则具体得多，中国推出的“一带一路”倡议一方面是为了提高其影响力，另一方面则是带着为其他国家谋求经济利益的目的，而不是通过这一倡议来寻求leading position.

According to the relevant data released on March 28, the new crown pneumonia's epidemic has continued to this day. There are about 480 million confirmed cases worldwide, which has a serious impact on the world economy, and the impact on the United States is particularly serious. In addition, the epidemic has also had a huge impact on the equal situation of various countries, and the phenomenon of economic, racial and gender inequality seems to be more serious during this period. The epidemic also focused on the global tourism industry and changed the global power pattern. From the perspective of epidemic prevention and control, the performance of countries around the world is different. Some countries have done much better than other countries in response to the epidemic. China is one of the outstanding representatives. We can see the serious consequences of the epidemic from various case data and the impact of the epidemic on the US economy and political system. As for the Russian conflict, it is not the time to cover the coffin. Although NATO has re -deployed, there are still differences within NATO member states, and the differences in the internal political opinions of the United States are also serious. However, the United States still worked hard to use Russia and Ukraine to recapture its political leadership. In addition, the United States may not mind the continuation of the war, because the United States believes that the war will bring benefits to itself and can have adverse consequences to Russia. At the same time, the dominant position of the US dollar is declining, while several other currencies are appreciated. Of course, how to accurately interpret the various phenomena of today's era is still too early, but climate change, global ecological deterioration, and other major issues that are related to the future of human beings are raising more severe challenges than ever before, but humans are in Busy fighting and fighting is a great tragedy and extreme misfortune.

Source: "China Social Sciences"

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