The first longan and litchi miscellaneous "crispy" of the world's first longan and lychee

Miscellaneous crispy crispy (interviewee confession)

Yangcheng Evening News reporter Chen Liang intern Liu Yu Liu Fanghua

On August 23, the new variety of "Crispy (SZ52)" on the evening of the late maturity high -quality longan litchi was held in Guangzhou Conghua. "This is the first new variety of longan and lychee hybridization in the world, which has pioneering significance." Liu Chengming, the head of the breeding team, professor of South China Agricultural University, and the technical system of Longan Innovation Team of the Modern Agricultural Industry in Guangdong Province Introduction.

Longan or lychee?

Longan and lychee belong to the genus Longan and lychee in classification. It is understood that "crispy" was originally called "stone purple crispy". It is based on the rock of stone and longan as the mother, and the Purple Niang Xili lychee as the parent. New varieties. Liu Chengming introduced that the "crispy" peel is yellow -green, the fruit is large, and the flesh is thicker. Its consumption rate is about 70%, the content of soluble solids is about 21%, and it has the characteristics of sweet and juicy flavor and aroma.

In addition, the "crispy honey" has the advantages of stone 硖 Longan and Zi Niang like litchi. The flesh is tender and crispy, completely residue, and the sugar degree is as high as 20%-24%.

So is this hybridity lychee or longan? Liu Chengming explained that, in fact, "crispy" is still a longan variety, but its flesh is very tender, which is similar to litchi. In addition, the cracks of the "crispy" peel are obvious, and it is bumpy. This is also lychee. Some characteristics. Compared with ordinary varieties, the new products are strongly advantageous, and the characteristics of hybrids are obvious.

It is expected to extend the supply period of fresh fruit of longan

"Crispy" is an upgraded version of longan. Longan is an important economic fruit tree in Guangdong Province and has an important role in the rural economy, but there are many problems in the longan seed industry. Liu Chengming told reporters: "There are four major problems in the longan industry: first, the breeding channel is single, basically depending on the selection of real life; second, the main planting varieties are single, 'Shi Yan' and 'Chu Liang' total more than more than 85%; Third, the fruit is difficult to keep fresh, the supply of fresh fruit is very short, and the seasonal excess is serious; fourth, the lack of cold -resistant varieties, the existing main planting varieties are prone to periodic low temperature damage. "

The "crispy" research and development disadvantages of longan planting have been changed to the gospel to the workers of the orchards in Guangdong Province. "Crispy" has stronger cold resistance and wide adaptability. In January 2021, Chaozhou experienced the low temperature of -3 to -4 ° C. The degree of freezing damage of Shimi Dragon Eyes in the same area reached level 4, and the leaves were yellow and curled, but the "crispy" leaves were only slightly harmful, and the degree of frost damage was only 1 class.

The "crispy" leaflet pairs are as many as 7 pairs (5 pairs of stone pupae, 3 pairs of purple maids). The crown forms fast, has a strong growth potential, and has good early ending performance. From Huaolin Water West Fruit Garden in March 2020, "crispy" was grafted, and fruit had begun in 2021.

The "crispy" maturity period is 15-20 days later than the "Shijia Longan". Liu Ruibo, the person in charge of Shuixi Orchard, grafted more than 100 "crispy", and the output and quality were well performed. He was confident in this variety.

15 years of successful research and development

The research and development of "crispy" lasted 15 years, and it took a lot of efforts in the team. Liu Chengming said, "This process is very difficult and complicated, and the success rate is only a few thousandths, but in the end we still do it."

In the 1990s, there was a hot spot in fruit tree education, namely the fusion of the native body, also known as the messenger of the body cells. , Make it technologies for regenerating mixed plants. Inspired by, Liu Chengming began to explore on litchi and longan. "But the result has been unable to come out, I just want to change my mind and simply make a sexual hybrid between the two subordinates."

In 2007, at the fruit and tree breeding base of the Horticultural College of South China Agricultural University, Liu Chengming's team used "Shi Yan" longan as the mother book and "Zi Niang Xi" lychee for the parent. After years of cultivation tests, SZ52 single strains were finally preferred until 2014.

In the next few years, the team launched the product comparison test and area test. At present, "crispy" has performed well in Chaozhou, Zhanjiang, Guangzhou, Conghua, Maoming Gaozhou, Qingyuan Lianzhou, Sichuan Luzhou and Chongqing Yongchuan. A few days ago, the "crispy" also passed the on -site identification of the new variety review (evaluation) in Guangdong Province.

Huang Xuming, a professor of South China Agricultural University and chief expert of the Guangdong Longan Innovation Team, said at the tasting meeting that the current structure of longan varieties is relatively single. , Pulling out of the output period, the Mid -Autumn Festival can also eat Guangdong longan.

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