Wang Hong, Dean of the China -Europe International School of Industry and Commerce: Behind the platform's economic prosperity, how should we do the social security work of the "takeaway brothers"?

On August 21, the China -Europe International Institute of Technology organized the establishment of the Social Security and Pension Financial Summit Forum and the establishment of the Sino -European Social Security and Pension Finance Research Institute. Participating experts and scholars focus on many important issues: social security and pension finance, and discuss the new trends, new stages, and strategies of social security and pension finance.

At present, the national social security and pension cause are facing a series of new trends, which have entered a new stage of development, and urgently need new strategic response measures. Wang Hong pointed out that my country's population development is facing a new situation of the continuous decline in fertility and aging to the "plateau". Essence "Therefore, at the new stage, we need to re -examine the value and quality of life of people."

In modern society, health is the foundation of labor existence. Workers who are healthy and well -educated are the most important human resources in economic and social development. The number of health and human capital and quality levels directly affect the quality of economic and social development.

"Healthy human capital is the engine of modern economic and social development, and it is an important support for the high -quality and sustainable development of economic and social. Scientific measurement and predicting healthy human capital, for promoting the strategic process of healthy China, promoting the high -quality development of my country's economy and society, and accelerating the realization of the Chinese nation The great rejuvenation has important theoretical basis and practical value. "Wang Hong, the president of the China -Europe International Business School and the chairman of the Academic Committee of Sino -European Social Security and Pension Finance Research Institute, told the reporter of the Daily Economic News (hereinafter referred to as NBD).

Photo source: organizer confession

Talking about health and human capital: engine of modern economic and social development

NBD: How is healthy human capital defined? What are the strategic significance of the research on healthy human capital?

Wang Hong: Healthy manpower capital refers to the value form that is determined by the health status of the workers and puts it into the production process that can bring the expected output effect.

From a macro perspective, the increase in health and human capital is based on the country's investment in healthy human capital, helps the realization of the country's great health strategy, helps the country's competitiveness, and help to realize the people's longing for healthy life and The realization of China's health dream. From a micro perspective, the improvement of healthy human capital is based on the investment of healthy human capital of each citizen, which helps the national overall health level. From the perspective of view, it is highly related to the development of the national economic and social development. The improvement of health and human capital is based on the entire society's investment in healthy human capital, which helps improve the efficiency of labor production, the optimization of labor market structure, the improvement of national education level, and the health industry in the health industry. Beauty development.

NBD: What kind of level is my country's healthy manpower capital in the world? What is the development trend of my country's healthy human capital?

Wang Hong: After considering the population and economic factors, my country's healthy human capital has a very great advantage compared to other OECD (OECD) countries.

According to the prediction results, before 2025, my country's total health and human capital ranked second among 32 countries, second only to the United States. By 2025, the United States has been ranked first until 2035. This is mainly due to my country's large employment population, fast economic development, and the growth rate of healthy human capital indexes. But we also see that after 2025, although China is in the leading advantage, there is no obvious advantage over the United States. Therefore, the continued improvement of China's health and human capital level needs to continue to optimize national medical, education, and environment under the support of the health China strategy.

NBD: How does my country's health and human capital and economic and social development affect each other?

Wang Hong: There is a two -way relationship between interaction, mutual promotion, and mutual restraint between healthy human capital and economic and social development. On the one hand, health human capital not only promotes economic and social development as a direct investment element, but also combines material capital and educational human capital to become the source of economic and social development. On the other hand, economic and social development has a reverse constraint on healthy human capital. Under certain conditions, the amount of public investment in the government is established, which requires a reasonable allocation between healthy human capital, material capital, and educational human capital. The differences between the interaction between health and human capital and the economy and society exist in different development stages and different regions. The relationship between the two shows the U -type, that is, after the economic and social development to a certain degree, the accumulation of health and human capital increases the marginal utility of economic and social development.

NBD: You mentioned that the construction of healthy China should adopt the "three steps" strategy. From 2020-2025, it is the basic construction period of healthy China; 2025-2035 is a comprehensive improvement period; 2035-2050 is to consolidate the improvement period to consolidate the improvement period Essence Can it briefly describe the characteristics of each stage? What kind of standards can be said to meet the goals of the current stage?

Wang Hong: From 2020 to 2025, it is the basic construction period of healthy China. By 2025, a large health human capital country is built. The characteristics of the investment level of healthy human capital will continue to increase. From the perspective of indicators, hygienic expenditure accounts for 6.2%of GDP; educational funding investment accounts for 5.5%; the per capita life expectancy is 78 years; the mortality rate of pregnant women is reduced to 1791/10,000; the infant mortality rate is reduced to 7.4 ‰ Essence From 2025-2035, it is a comprehensive and perfect period. By 2035, it will enter the ranks of health and human capital. The investment structure of healthy human capital will be optimized. The gap between the knowledge and technology of advanced countries will continue Output efficiency and high human capital conversion rate. From the perspective of the indicators, the following level: health expenditure accounted for 6.8%of GDP; the proportion of education funding investment accounted for 6.7%; the per capita life expectancy reached 80 years; the mortality rate of maternal mothers decreased to 12,000; the baby mortality rate decreased to decrease To 5 ‰.

In order to consolidate the promotion period from 2035 to 2050, by 2050, a healthy manpower capital is fully established. Comprehensively build a healthy manpower capital, referring to the input and output structure of health and human capital, high input production efficiency, and adapting to the national long -term development strategy and development goals. From the perspective of the indicators, the following level: hygiene expenditure accounts for about 7.7%of GDP; education funding investment accounts for 9.0%; the life expectancy of per capita expected expectations continues to increase; the mortality rate of maternal mothers continues to decrease; the infant mortality rate continues to decrease.

When the above indicators are reached at each stage, it is considered to meet the goals of the current stage.

Wang Hong, President of China EU International Business School source: The organizer confession

Talking about social security: How to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the "takeaway brother"?

NBD: In recent years, with the rapid development of the sharing economy, the proportion of platform economic workers in society is getting higher and higher, but it is different from the traditional way of employment to make the legitimate rights and interests of how to protect the workers in it. A new problem of law. Especially the problem of "outsourcing" on the takeaway platform has always been a hot topic of discussions on the Internet. Can it be combined with Shanghai experience to talk about the barriers of the platform economic workers participating in social insurance? What countermeasures and suggestions do you have?

Wang Hong: The Shanghai Platform economic workers participated in social insurance. There are currently four barriers.

First, the labor relationship of the new type of employment is not clear. Clear labor relations can help the platform economic workers protect their rights in a timely manner when encountering equity damage. However, at present, the specific meaning of the labor relationship of the platform economy workers and the criteria for judging the standards are more vague. The platform economy workers are more flexible and have a large degree of freedom, but they need to purchase labor tools on their own. There is no base salary. Labor remuneration is not limited by the minimum wage standard, and the benefits of formal employees are not enjoyed.

In this regard, the government and relevant departments should amend the corresponding policies to improve the standard of labor relations, and do not have to be limited to traditional venues, working hours, and meticulous business scope; to a certain extent, accept the concept of self -employed workers; Social insurance and labor relations are one -to -one "bundling" system.

The second is that both parties have different willingness to participate in insurance, and the participation rate needs to be improved. The survey results show that a considerable part of the laborers have not been insured (more than 21%) due to platforms or themselves. On the one hand, the platform enterprise has strong payment capacity, but because of cost considerations, they are unwilling to take more responsibilities. On the other hand, the willingness to participate in the platform economy workers is generally strong, but the insured ability is poor. 80%of the platform economic workers in the interviewed objects are willing to participate in insurance. There are cognitive vacancies in the amount of payment, so they did not participate in social insurance.

In response to platform companies, it should urge them to bear the responsibility of employers and reasonably protect the relevant rights and interests of workers. Specifically, you can start from the characteristics of the platform economy practitioners. It is classified as a platform economic worker to pay social insurance, guiding and supporting practitioners who meet the establishment of labor relations to participate in the corresponding social insurance according to their own conditions; It should be aware of its awareness of protecting its own labor rights. Strengthen social insurance propaganda, encourage workers to actively participate in social insurance, enhance the awareness of social insurance policies; let go of the restrictions on participating in the insurance of flexible employment in foreign provinces, increase the willingness to participate in social insurance insurance and rights protection; The characteristics of strong liquidity should explore the service model of social insurance for new employment forms, and provide more convenient social insurance services.

Third, there are differences in the supply of platform economic workers and the supply of social security systems. As one of the major cities for platform enterprises, there are many platforms for the platform economy, but the adaptability between the existing social insurance system and the needs of workers is still to be improved.

In terms of group adaptation, in response to the problem of vague labor relationships, it is possible to start from the institutional level, clarify the standards of platform economic workers, adjust social security policy ideas, and properly expand the traditional labor relations; establish platform economic labor to establish platform economic labor The employment statistical system builds a new social insurance system for the platform economy practitioners. In terms of content adaptation, in response to the problems of working injuries and unemployment insurance in such groups, you can explore the piloting of occupational injury guarantees and the establishment of a professional damage guarantee mechanism and unemployment guarantee mechanism around courier, takeaway, and other key guarantee groups. The problem of excessive insurance payment level can increase the grade of different payment, so that the platform economy practitioners who do not have the ability to participate in the insurance capacity due to economic reasons have more choices for insurance participation. Fourth, it is more difficult for platform economic workers' social security account transfer. The research and development show that the platform's economic workers are diverse, and 76%of the platform economic workers' household registration is located in the field, and social security connection work is facing difficulties. The differences in the form of work and work of the workers have brought difficulties to the continuation of social security transfer. At the same time, due to the different social security policies in various places, some of the platform economic workers who have participated in the preparations cannot provide a document for labor relations and affect normal transfer.

In response to the problem of disconnected social security policies in different places, the overall coordination and policy connection of the social insurance systems in various places should be strengthened, and the Digital Technology One Tong Office should be applied to formulate a unified guidelines for social security transfer procedures for different places. Executive efficiency. In response to the difficulties of social security connection work in different forms of work, the personal account system of social insurance should be reformed. When the platform economy practitioners move their employment in the city, they follow the original personal social security account; cross -provincial and municipal mobile employees directly establish a new personal account in the new employment place; if the city's flexible employment employees participate in the insurance for the first time, it is necessary to establish Temporary personal insurance payment account.

NBD: In the study of the issue of social security series, pensions are a major core issue. Can you talk about the problems and bottlenecks in the process of accuracy improvement for old services in conjunction with Shanghai experience? What countermeasures and suggestions do you have?

Wang Hong: In recent years, although the construction of the Shanghai pension service system has achieved obvious results. However, the precision service of Shanghai needs to be further improved. Specifically in:

First, the channels for social participation in the elderly are not smooth. Our survey results show that nearly half of the elderly have a strong willingness to participate in social participation, but 80.3%of the elderly have not achieved social participation. In addition, the richness of the entertainment activity also needs to continue to be improved, and currently there are fewer ways to participate in the social participation of the elderly in Shanghai, and it also lacks a complete supporting guarantee policy.

Second, the environmental atmosphere construction of an elderly friendly society needs to be further strengthened. Many elderly people expressed their hope to further improve the social status of the elderly, and hope that the whole society will create a good atmosphere of respect for the elderly and the old society. However, in reality, the "invisible exclusion" of the elderly still exists.

Third, the demand for diverse elderly care for the elderly has not been fully met. When facing the elderly with different household registration and different ages, the elderly services are obviously insufficient, especially for personalized services for "special elderly people".

Fourth, the aging policy system and industry supervision are not sound. The construction of high -quality pension services in Shanghai has not yet been involved in many fields. It has not yet formed a clear -level and clear pension service system. The development of the Shanghai pension service market is not yet mature.

To this end, we proposed that Shanghai should realize the precision of the elderly service and create a high -quality life of an aging society. Promote the achievement of accuracy into old services.

First, "cognitive precision" is a healthy lifestyle that guides the elderly to accurately understand its own healthy lifestyle. It can adopt methods such as promoting "medical care and health care" and strengthening scientific guidance of elderly sports activities.

Second, "exquisite atmosphere" refers to the construction of a new era in the new era to respect the elderly and love the old atmosphere, accelerate the establishment of an elderly friendly society, create a cultural brand that respects the elderly, and accelerate the aging and aging transformation of the residential community living environment and soft environment, such as in the toilet Install the armrest to mobilize the app -aging transformation that is closely related to the life of the elderly.

Third, "fine classification" needs to be divided into different categories according to age standards, family structure standards, self -care ability standards, etc., providing refined pension services for the elderly.

Fourth, "good service" refers to the improvement of pension medical and health services. For example, the difficulties of the elderly are inconvenient, the accompanying is limited, but it is inseparable from the medical and care secrets. The Internet can be used as a carrier and information technology for online medical care.

Fifth, "accurate positioning" refers to promoting diversified subjects to participate in social care services, accurately positioning and assuing responsibilities, clarifying the border of responsibility of the government, market, and society, giving play to the role of government leadership, market demand -oriented, and social forces support. , Coordinate the construction of the elderly service system.

Daily Economic News

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