Poyang Lake Drought Survey: 69%of 40 days, and the government intends to invest 43.5 billion to build 2,331 water conservancy projects

Cover Journalist Yang Feng Jiangxi Report

"I have been a fisherman for more than 20 years in Poyang Lake. I have never seen the summer that has been drought so early. The three -wheeled motorcycle headed to the villager Wei Zhifu in the depths of Poyang Lake District. He plans to take a picture of the scene in the lake area and send it to the fellow hometown who goes out.

On August 21, the lake was retreated in the mountains and rivers of the Yiyang, Poyang Hunan, and the large riverbed was dried up and leaked. Photography: Yang Feng

On August 21, the rivers mussels dried up in the mountains and rivers of Yiyang, Hunan, Hunan, and died. Photography: Yang Feng

On August 21, the lake was retreated, and the pimple -yang Hunan Yishan waters were like Gobi. Photography: Yang Feng

Take Wei Zhifu's motorcycle, cover news reporter and him along the boat rivers built by the fishermen for generations into the lake area. After more than 500 meters departing, the gradually sparse Caozhou was replaced by the dry yellow and white riverbed. The dried and dying river mussels and snails can be seen everywhere, and some of the shells have been broken and the dry yellow sand is infiltrated.

Only about 2 kilometers forward, the riverbed changed from "Gobi" to black and yellow damp dirt. The wheels gradually fell, and the air was added to the air.

Wei Zhifu pointed out the source of the smell to the cover news reporter -a large number of river mussels hidden deep in the riverbed, dying and rotten at a high temperature of 37 degrees. Wei Zhifu judged their life and death by weighing the weight of river mussels: "The heavy one is still alive, the lighter death, the dehydration becomes lighter."

Wei Zhifu described the situation in previous years in the Yishan Rivers of Poyang Hunan. Photography: Yang Feng

After looking for, there are only a small amount of tough "triangular mussels" that are still waiting for the coming of rain ...

Since July 2022, Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China, is encountering a "century drought" with its Yangtze River Basin. The rainfall in the Yangtze River Basin in July and August was the minimum of the same period since 1961. Poyang Lake successively refreshed the earliest records of entering the dry and low water period since the record in 1951.

The drought of the "flood season" allowed the water conservancy hub of the Yangtze River Basin to make a library in the flood season "caught off guard" in the flood season. To deal with the drought, you can only use a limited water deposit "fine calculation", barely quench thirst, and do not solve the dry bureau.

Poyang Lake, as the largest overwater lake in the Yangtze River, has continued to "lose water" into the river in the context of the dried water level of the Yangtze River. It shrinks 69%within 40 days. The speed of more than 20 square kilometers continued to shrink.

Cover reporters learned from the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Water Conservancy that this round of drought has a serious impact on the living, production, and ecological water along the coast of Poyang Lake. In addition to taking various types of emergency measures to resist drought and protection, Jiangxi will focus on promoting the Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Hub In the early stage of work, the adverse effects of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River on Poyang Lake should be reduced.

The Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Hub, which has been delayed due to environmental assessment, may be accelerated to the agenda.

Agricultural impact:

Nearly 14%of the crops in Jiangxi Province are drought

38,000 hectares

July-September is a season when Chinese crops such as medium rice and late rice are needed. The Poyang Lake Basin is an important rice production area in China.

At noon on August 23, the cover reporter saw Cheng Zhaoyuan, a large grain family who contracted more than 2,500 acres of farmland in Xingzi Town, Lushan City, Jiujiang. The dead rice fields were worried.

Cheng Zhaoyuan has more than ten years of experience in agriculture. He has planted recycled rice, mid -rice, and late rice. He is busy from April to November each year. "Several kinds of rice farming and harvesting are different, and the average manpower can also reduce the risks brought by some extreme weather. This year we have a good harvest of rice, and the second season has been harvested. Mid -rice and late rice are not optimistic."

Under the leadership of Cheng Zhaoyuan, the cover journalist and him walked into a high -level rice field. The rice that was being grouting became yellow, the ears of the rice were "no granation", and the rice fields with lower ground beside remained green. The water channel next to the water has dried up, and Cheng Zhaoyuan pulled out the power of the pumping machine next to the river: "There is no water. No more rain, and the green rice that is still green will die in a few days."

On August 23, Cheng Zhaoyuan stood in the unique rice fields. Photography: Yang Feng

Cheng Zhaoyuan's rice fields did not have a machine well. He explained: "In the past, we used ponds, fish ponds, and small lakes to store water to storage. The earliest droughts began in August. Water storage is all used up now. Nearly a hundred acres of rice fields may have to be collected. "

On August 23, Cheng Zhaoyuan showed reporters' dead rice. Photography: Yang Feng

Seeing a few months of labor, we can only wait for death. Cheng Zhaoyuan said: "We were sweating before, and now we tears.

Cover reporters learned from the Office of the Flood Control and Drought Resistance Headquarters in Jiangxi Province that as of August 26, the affected area of ​​crops in Jiangxi has reached 409,000 hectares, with a raw of 38,000 hectares and a direct economic loss of 3.29 billion yuan. According to the 43.91 million mu of cultivated land in the province calculated by the Jiangxi Provincial Agricultural and Rural Affairs Department, nearly 14%of crops in Jiangxi have been affected.

Jiangxi Province Flood Control and Drought Resistance Headquarters will further spread the drought in some areas, and requires all localities and departments to prepare for the most disadvantaged ideas and actions to cope with the most disadvantaged situation of "anti -drought and long drought". On August 22, the cover reporter learned from the visit to Jiujiang Yongxiu County that in addition to the local drought -resistant facilities, it adopted measures such as new machine wells, masons, and artificial rainfall. Low -terrain uses surface water, and the tall places use machine wells.

On August 22, Yongxiu Jiuhe Bian. Volunteers add water pipes to get water irrigation. Photography: Yang Feng

Chen Quanshui, a large grain family in Sihe Village, Jiuhe Township, Yongxiu County, planted more than 500 acres of rice. The late rice and winter rice in the grouting period have mainly been used to extract groundwater to irrigate: "This year's drought, large water use, and groundwater levels also. Low. The cost of pumping irrigation has risen from 7 and 8 yuan to more than 10 yuan. "Chen Quanshui came to the pumping machine every day to check many times, fearing that it would stop.

The cultivation of the river is one of the five major rivers in the Poyang Lake Water system. Hao Yiping, deputy director of Yongxiu County Water Resources Bureau, said: "Yongxiu has not rained since July. We apply for the release of the library from the upstream Lilin Reservoir to the repair of the river every day to ensure the downstream life and agricultural water."

Hao Yiping introduced that the 278 raising station in Yongxiu County has accumulated a total of 30 million cubic meters of water from the river. "If there is no reservoir hydration, the amount of water is so large, and Xiuhe is likely to be broken."

Cover reporters followed Hao Yiping on the Jiuhe Lianwei beside Xiuhe that the Xiu River shrinks sharply in the river. Level 2 and level 3 of water lifting water, add water pumping machine directly through the water rivers, pump the water into the newly dug water storage area under the water outlet, and then extract the water into the irrigation canal from the irrigation station.

Drought anti -drought volunteer Lu Hengwu said: "Among the more than 10,000 acres of rice planted in our farms, more than 3,000 acres or reduced production due to lack of water."

Xiong Jun, the person in charge of the Grain and Oil Technology Stocks of Yongxiu County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, told the cover reporter: "For the affected farmland, we urge agricultural insurance to claim them in time. Economic crops. Everyone is waiting for rain, looking forward to rain, no rain, the disaster will continue to expand. "

Shipping influence:

Lake changing river ships to large boat transformer transportation

The cost of shipping increases by 20 %

The Yangtze River is the most developed inland shipping, the largest transportation scale, and the busiest navigation river, and it is also the golden waterway with the number one in the world in the world. In March of the lunar calendar to August of the lunar calendar, the golden period of the Yangtze River channel was the golden period of the Yangtze River channel.

According to CCTV News, on August 16, a cargo ship from Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu Nantong, Jiangsu, was parked at the Shashi Pier. The cargo ship's carrying capacity could have reached 11,000 tons, and the maximum water consumption was 7.1 meters at full load. However, due to the decrease in the water level of the river, the 10,000 -ton freighter is "large and small", which only loads 8,200 tons of corn and controls the amount of water at 4.3 meters.

In order to avoid stranding the cargo ships and ensure the safety of the ship's anchor, many sections along the Yangtze River are also dredging and water control.

The monitoring image of Fengyun Meteorological Satellite released by the National Satellite Meteorological Center shows that by August 26, the rapidly shrinking Poyang Lake has changed from a lake and a large area can disappear in waters.

Comparison of changes in Poyang Lake Basin. Picture source: National Satellite Meteorological Center

On the same day, the data of the ship news network showed that the Poyang Lake Basin only passed Lushan to Duchang, and passed the Zhuxi River in the mouth of the Zhuxi River into the Ganjiang River to Wucheng and Nanchang. track.

On August 22, the Lushan Channel section of Poyang Lake retreated under the lake and the waterway narrowed. Photography: Yang Feng

The Lushan Channel section of the Jiangxi Ganxi Channel Affairs Center, Director Liu, explained to the cover journalist that the main goods transported on the Poyang Lake Channel are sand and gravel and coal. Among them, thermal power coal also has great demand during the dry period. At present, Poyang Lake shrinks to the water channel in the middle. The width place is about 100 meters, and the narrowest place is tens of meters.

On August 22, the Lushan Channel section of Poyang Lake became a sandbar. Photography: Yang Feng

The decline in the water level of Poyang Lake has no direct impact on the pass of the Lushan section channel, but in the routine of Lushan to the upstream, due to the narrowing of the channel and the shallow water, in order to ensure safety, the depth of water in the cargo ship has been restricted. You need to reduce the load and unloading, and the shipping transportation to continue to run upstream.

Poyang Lake Basin channels pass. Photo source: Ship News Network

"Sanior beachs have appeared in the river in the upper reaches of Gan, and 1,000 tons of cargo ships need to be careful." Director Liu said.

Dongyi Port is the only commercial ship terminal in Lushan. On August 23, the cover reporter saw that the Dongyi Port Wharf was full of river sand on the Dongyi Port Wharf.

Luo Hong, manager of Dongyi Port, said that because of the epidemic in Shanghai, Jiangsu and other places in the first half of this year, the sand shipping ship in and out of Poyang Lake was much less than in previous years. Now the channels are narrowing, it will increase the freight cost of the cargo ship at least 2 — 30 %, the increased cost will eventually flow to the upstream and downstream in the industry.

According to the "Development Plan for the" Fourteenth Five -Year "comprehensive transportation system in Jiangxi Province, the design of navigation ships in the Poyang Lake District will be based on 1,000 to 2000 tons, 2000 to 3,000 tons, and takes into account 5,000 tons of ships. With the continuous decline in the water level during the flood season, the navigation capabilities of the Poyang Lake District will become increasingly a gap between the development plan. Ecological impact:

No extreme ecological injury

But the risk of some fish mussels and the risk of cyanobacteria explosion risks

Poyang Lake is the largest wintering area of ​​important wetlands and East Asian migratory birds. It is also the largest gene library of freshwater lake species in China. As the "last lake, water" is extremely important.

Disc (also known as: Qiuzi Lake, Qiuqiu Lake), refers to the seasonal season in the lake area of ​​the Poyang Lake Lake, which is revealed to the seasons of the beach, the lake in the lake, which is the vegetation in the wetland of Poyang Lake The area with the largest biomass and the most diverse species, 80%of the water birds in the lake overwinter in the dish -lake area in the lake in previous years. There are 102 typical discs in Poyang Lake, with an area of ​​816 square kilometers, accounting for 22.25%of the total area of ​​Poyang Lake.

On August 16th, Poyang Lake Sanni Bay (dish -shaped lake). Interviewee confidence

On August 16th, researcher Dai Nianhua, deputy director and secretary -general of the Jiangxi Provincial Ecology Society, also came to Poyang Hunan, Niji Wetland to conduct on -site investigations on the ecological status of Poyang Lake under the drought.

Dai Nianhua noticed that the advance and extension of the period of the water period of Poyang Lake is leading to the decrease in the area and biomass of the sinking water, the degradation of the vegetation of the wetland beach, and the original wet plant community. Fish, wintering migratory birds and porpoons have caused adverse effects. Some discs in Poyang Lake have retired from the water level because of the rapid water level, which is separated from the waters of the main lake area. High temperature evaporation and underground leaks have caused the water level of Qiuzi Lake to decline. Dans it into fish.

The retention fish in the plate -shaped lake in Poyang Lake Basin was tanned into fish. Interviewee confidence

Dai Nianhua further explained that Poyang Lake entered the dry period from early to August, which is temporarily conducive to the summer migratory birds foraging in the shallow balcony. However, for winter migratory birds, a large number of aquatic creatures have dried up, and a large number of summer migratory birds such as heron such as heron will cause some winter migratory birds to decrease or face the crisis of hunger. When the food is insufficient, some migratory birds will be transferred to the surrounding farmland, fields and fish ponds for food to exacerbate the contradiction between people and animals.

Waterbirds look for food in the shallow water area of ​​Poyang Lake. Interviewee confidence

He said that in 2019, the Poyang Lake Wetland Park Management Committee had sprinkled the winter migratory birds that perhabited here through manual replenishment. This demand may continue to appear this year.

On August 22, the cover reporter saw during the visit to the river beach next to the former site of Xingzi Hydrological Station in Lushan City. After the lake was retired, many dead fish stayed on the river bank. After the end of the fishing period this year, many fishermen who often come here to fish here have said that in the past month, there are often dead fish floating in the upstream. After that, stayed. "We didn't see live fish were killed on the beach here."

On August 22, Lushan, Xingzi Hydrological Station (old) beach, many dead fish were rushed to the river bank. Photography: Yang Feng

Captain Liu, who is responsible for ecological monitoring of Xingzi Hydrological Station, told the cover reporter that most of the fish in Poyang Lake now have passed the breeding period. The law of Poyang Lake itself is the alternation of wet and wet. Now there are a large number of creatures in the plate -shaped lake. It is a pity that everyone will feel it. After the bodies of these creatures are decomposed, they will also become nutrients in Poyang Lake wetland, which will help the next year's creatures. Growth is a natural law. "We have not monitored extreme ecological injuries yet, and we will continue to pay attention to the impact in this regard."

Regarding the extremely dry situation of this year's summer and autumn, Dai Nianhua believes that the drought in a single year will not significantly affect biodiversity. It is believed that the ability of Poyang Lake with Wuhe Laishui to waters. Qiuzi Lake can be used for flood prevention in summer, and some water can be stored in winter to relieve drought. He suggested that in the current situation of droughts for the year, the ecological restoration of Qiuzi Lake, Poyang Lake should be strengthened, and Qiuzi Lake should be used to regulate the wetland autumn and winter ecological water.

Cover reporters learned from the Jiangxi Provincial Water Department of Literature that with the decline in water level, the comprehensive evaluation of Poyang Lake's water quality in August fell from July III to level IV, and the main pollutants were total phosphorus. The Jiangxi Aquatic Culture Bureau judged that the current difficulty of survival of aquatic organisms has increased, and the risk of cyanobacteria water has increased, which affects the survival of the winter migratory birds to live for food.

Break the bureau for the people:

The government plans to invest 43.5 billion to build 2331 water conservancy projects

Focus on promoting the work of Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Hub

The research team of the Design Institute of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission believes that the low -dry water level of Poyang Lake will become the norm in the future.

On August 24th, after the cover news was published, "Poyang Lake was thirsty: 27,000 hectares of crops were harvested, and a large number of cracks in the lake area died." Hope to relieve drought.

Poyang Lake, as one of the only rivers and lakes in the Yangtze River, has actually proposed more than 40 years. In the 1980s, based on the first large -scale Poyang Lake Science Organization organized by the Jiangxi Provincial Government, the dam -building plan for Poyang Lake was proposed that flood prevention was the initial purpose of the plan. Beginning in 2003, the core issues of Poyang Lake gradually shifted from "waterlogging" to "dry".

In 2009, Jiangxi Province adjusted the "built -up" plan into a "gate -building" plan. The plan proposes "controlling the drowsiness and not flooding, dynamic adjustment". Since then, the scheme has been repeatedly modified, and the power generation function has been canceled and the right to dispatch. However, in 2016, after the public participation of the Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Project EIA Public participation in the first information publicity, it was clearly opposed by a number of scholars, experts and public welfare institutions, and the project fell into silence.

Planning of Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Hub. Source network

On January 5, 2021, the project once again appeared in the eyes of the outside world. On the same day, the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Natural Resources announced the "Pre -announcement of the preliminary review (preliminary review) of the Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Project Construction Project (Preliminary Trial) of the Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Hub Project" in Jiangxi Province. " The comprehensive plan has been included in 150 major water conservancy projects planned to start construction from 2020-2022.

In the "Opinions on Promoting the High -quality Development of Water Conservancy in the province" issued by the Jiangxi Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government, it also once again proposed "accelerating the promotion of Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Hub".

On May 9, 2022, the Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Construction Office of Jiangxi Province released 1200 pages of the "Engineering Environmental Impact Report in the Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Hub in Jiangxi Province", which opened the second publicity of the public participation in the environment for the environment of the EIA.

The report clearly clarifies the connection between the Three Gorges Project and the low water level of the Poyang Lake. Under the column of the "necessity of engineering construction", the report also clearly states that the water conservancy hub "can basically maintain natural hydrological laws by regulating the lake area. In the process of water level rising, the impact of dynamic characteristics of wetland on water levels can be achieved as much as possible.

On June 23, 2022, the environmental assessment report was submitted to the environmental assessment report after public participation and hearing.

Cover reporters learned that on August 23, 2022, the Jiangxi Water Conservancy Department proposed five directions for the dry water situation in Poyang Lake. Among them, it was planned to implement the water conservancy investment of 43.5 billion yuan in the direction of strengthening engineering measures, which accelerated the province's 2331 2331 The construction of water conservancy projects focuses on promoting the preliminary work of the Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Hub, reducing the adverse effects of water on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River on Poyang Lake with engineering measures, and realizing the "two benefits of the rivers and lakes."

Outside sound:

Supporters believe that the establishment of the gate is "small development of small development"

Opponents believe that "the environment should be reduced by artificial intervention"

For many years and "Century Drought", it may be forcing the Poyang Lake Water Conservancy Project to start construction as soon as possible.

However, regarding the water conservancy projects such as the gate, there are two different voices in the outside world. Some people support and some people objected.

Zhou Jinfeng, Secretary General of China Green Development Association, who had visited Poyang Lake in Poyang Lake in 2021 and participated in the opinions of the aforementioned EIA report. There are not fewer water conservancy projects in the Yangtze River Basin, there are too many, and there are also a lot of water conservancy projects in the five rivers of Poyang Lake Basin. "

"Although the new edition of the EIA report has made positive arguments on the impact of a variety of rare species, it is not only concerned about the living conditions of a single species. It may lead to overall imbalances of the ecosystem. "Zhou Jinfeng said.

Zhou Jinfeng said that some of the suggestions made after the investigation of Poyang Lake had been adopted. "But our core point is that the changes in naturally happened naturally. The drought problem in the Poyang Lake Basin should use the efficiency of the use of water resources to solve the people's production and living water needs with existing water conservancy projects. Artificial intervention, believe that the ability to regulate and recover naturally is not the only solution, and it should be more cautious. "

On August 22, Lushan, a thousand -year -old Shi Shi Downtang revealed the whole picture. Photography: Yang Feng

Zhou Haixiang, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese and Biological Circle, publicly pointed out that the real purpose of the construction of Poyang Lake was shipping, and it was the Zhejiang -Jiangxi Guangdong Canal that was proposed for many years. It is reported that the canal is connected to Guangzhou, and the Yangtze River from Poyang Lake, Huokou County, Jiangxi to the north, and further connecting the along the river through the Yangtze River, and then the Beijing -Hangzhou Grand Canal is formed by the Beijing -Hangzhou Grand Canal, which is connected with the Huaihe River, Yellow River, and Haihe River. After the full Unicom, Jiangxi will become the center of the canal in the south.

Cover reporters have noticed that the Zhejiang -Jiangxi and Guangdong Canal has been officially written into the "Development Plan for the" Fourteenth Five -Year "comprehensive transportation system in Jiangxi Province".

Academician Wang Hao, a well -known hydrological and water resource scientist and the honorary director of the Institute of Water Resources of the Chinese Academy of Water Resources and Electricity Science, is a supporter of the project.

Academician Wang Hao believes that in recent years, extreme low -withered water levels have affected the ecological health of Poyang Lake. In order to reverse this trend, the establishment of the gate is a "small development and large protection" ecological engineering.

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