Xu Wangsheng: Chinese terraced field Wenjian

Summary: Terrace is a form of land use in many parts of the world. It is regarded as one of the most amazing ways of human transformation. Today, the terraces in the world are facing how to maintain the problem, especially in traditional agricultural countries. Fu Xi? Fun? It is difficult to conclude. In previous work, I have inspected a lot of terraces in China. Here, I try to present what I have seen and heard during the terrace and I hope to provide a perspective for judging the future direction of the unique cultivation type of terrace.

Author: Xu Wangsheng, a researcher at the China Agricultural Museum, deputy editor -in -chief of "Ancient and Modern Agriculture", and a member of the Global Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage Expert Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry. The main research areas are primitive agriculture and historical three -rural issue. In recent years, more attention to the research work in the agricultural cultural heritage system. He has authored "Agricultural Cultural Heritage and Three Rural", "History of Chinese Pig", "A Brief History of Chinese Agricultural Development", etc., and participated in the compilation of the major topic of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agricultural Agricultural Agriculture (Primitive Social Volume and Modern Volume). : "Twenty-Four Reasons for the reason and practical significance in China" (The Origin and Significance of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms in China); "Similar Significance"; "The Origin, Features and Expressions of Chinese Harmonious Farming Genes"; "Twenty -Four Treasures of the Twenty -Four"; and so on. Email: [email protected]

Source: "International Social Sciences Magazine" (Chinese version) 2022, Issue 2 P47 -P54

Editor in charge: Shu Jianjun Ma Yuhong ‍

The terraces are a form of land use in many parts of the world. It is characterized by the layers of the steep hillside, like a step for the giant to reach the sky. The emergence of the terraces is a flat land for planting the hillside to build a crop, which is regarded as one of the most amazing ways to transform the surface shape of the surface. At present, three major terraces in the world are the most well -known, namely the Honghe Hani terraces in Laijiang Mountain, Yunnan, China, the Banavavis Terunius in the Philippines, and the Lava terraces in Switzerland. The first two terraces are planted in East Asia, the most common crop, rice, and the latter is planted with grapes. In 2010, the first World World Conference On Terraced Landscapes was held in the Hanni and Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe, Yunnan Province, and more than 40 experts and scholars from 16 countries in Asia, America and Europe, and representatives of international institutions. Development has conducted extensive exchanges and discussions. Obviously, terraces are a global land use form. Today, the world's terraces are facing how to maintain problems, especially in traditional agricultural countries. Fu Xi? Fun? It is difficult to conclude. In the previous work, I have inspected a lot of terraces in China. Here, the author tries to present what I have seen and heard during the terrace, and hopes to provide a perspective for judging the future direction of the unique cultivation type of terrace.

Causes of terraces

Because the terraces are easy to cultivate, after reclamation of mountain slopes, new unique land use forms must be found as human survival space, so Chinese terraces are distributed throughout north and south. The difference is that from the perspective of planting crops, the terraces have two categories of north and south, namely the northern drought fields and the southern rice terraces. On the ancient times, it must be traced to the source to explore its flow. Therefore, it is necessary to briefly describe the formation of terraces.

The terraced field has a long history, like the agricultural history and culture created by locals, it is the product of Chinese agricultural civilization. Although the existence of history is very long, the emergence of the literature is much late. China's farming civilization originated from the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin. Among them, the Yellow River Basin is the first to form a developed agricultural area, and its terrain belongs to the Loess Plateau, which is characterized by loess. Compared with the planting plain area of ​​the Yangtze River Basin, because of the accumulated loess, the loess areas are easy to use early minimal tools for farming, so they are the first to form a more developed civilization than other regions. There are not many flat land in the plateau area. When the ancients who relocated the relocation of the land completed the flat land that was easy to cultivate, they began to move towards the slope land, so the early terraces appeared. Liang Jiamian pointed out that in the earliest collection of poetry "The Book of Songs" in our country, Xiaoya's "Zhengyue" chapter has a poem "Zhan Pi Saka, there is a special special". The word "Han" means "tilt", and "Saka" refers to the fields on the hillside. The terraces that are officially recorded in the literature are seen in the "Yunnan Zhi Yunnan Tube's Products" (Zhao Lufu's school interpretation) written by Fan Chuo in the Tang Dynasty: "Barbarians are good, and they are south of Qujing Prefecture, Dianchi Lake West, local and vulgar paddy fields. " These historical materials may be the earliest description of mountain rice terraces in the southwest. Fan Chengda's "Luan Lu" in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Ling Shan is all of Heroda, and it is up to the top, famous terraces." The book is the first ancient book that most people recognize the term "terraced fields". The time to record this paragraph is 1172 AD, the place is Yuanzhou, Jiangxi. There are poems in the key of the poet in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Hundred -class Yamada with rain plowing, driving cattle to help me half of the air. The poet's emotions have the meaning of "Zhumen wine smells and the road has frozen bones." In fact, the greatest significance of this poem is to point out the existence of terraces, indicating that people have to plant land on the mountains. The reason should be that the relationship between population and land at that time had contradictions, that is, there were more people. The biggest feature of Chinese farming culture is that in the context of self -sacrifice, it can achieve fine cultivation, rather than ruling on the ground. Relatively speaking, if the nomadic people are threatened, they will often start war on the farming society. This situation stems from the cultural phenomenon behind it. Let's first look at the two very different animal lifestyles on the earth. The first is that the carnivores are tigers. They are a "full star" distribution in nature. If the number of tigers is too large, there will be no phenomenon of everyone to narrow the sphere of influence of each other, but the tiger in a certain area determines who is the only owner of the place through war. The second is that the survival of herbivores and herbivores is completely different from that of carnivores. Its representative animals include horses and antelopes on the African prairie. They first live in groups in groups, and generally do not live alone. Herbal animals have no concept of territorial territory, and they generally look for food by water grass. In the case of increasing the number of populations, the premise of the quality of life of the entire group, that is, if the number is excessive, each individual of them still lives in the original space, and no individual will be driven out of its group. Farming culture tends to survive the way of herbivorous animals, while nomadic civilizations tend to survive of carnivores. The choice of this method reflects different cultural types of ancient China. Residents of ancient Chinese farming areas mainly chose the way of survival of herbivores, "when eating one mountain, one mountain." The production method of the Yao nationality can be regarded as a case of this way of survival, but this statement also tells many characteristics of Han farming different from the nomadic people. Until no new land can be moved. Therefore, when the relationship between the population and the land contradiction, they will not choose nomadic expansion, but they either refinement on the original land or find a way to find a way from the land that is not easy to reclaim. Historically, the desire for land possession for land in the Central Plains region is far lower than nomadic peoples. When getting along with the nomadic people, the farming nation has always been guarding, not offensive. When the people were full of people, they developed to the mountain. When the farming civilization of the Central Plains had no land in the southeast coast, immigrants to Southeast Asia did not expel locals like European colonists, but coexisted harmoniously with the immigrants. In the era of a smaller population scale, Europeans began to look for living space, and later migrated to the New World in large quantities. The cultural types of Europeans and Australian Europeans are like carnivores, or the characteristics of nomadic peoples. This is why we see the reason why the terraces exist in all parts of the world, but the number and area are particularly in China.

Opening a terraced field is only one of the measures for the continuous development of the Central Plains farming civilization. Other methods, such as the southern low -humidity bands, mainly appear in the Jiangnan and Jianghan plains, and have promoted the formation of proverbs such as "Suhu Cooked, the World" and the Ming Dynasty "Lake Wide, World Foot" and other proverbs. If the judgment of "ancient Chinese civilization is one of the few civilizations that are not interrupted", it can be said that rice is the key factor. First of all, rice agriculture took the lead in turning the Bashu area into the country of Tianfu. The formation of the kingdom of Tianfu is incomplete. Secondly, the rice work made at least in the Tang Dynasty, and the Civilization Center moved from the north to the south, because the rice area gradually became an economic center. In the end, during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the American crops were introduced to China and replaced Xiaomi and wheat in the north, but they did not replace rice. These are related to the uniqueness of rice. Specifically, one is the output advantage of rice, and its output is twice as high as Xiaomi and wheat. The second is the geographical advantage of rice. It is omnipotent to go up the mountain, and there will be no water and soil loss. In this regard, Xiaomi or wheat cannot be compared with it. Soil and soil loss is the key cause of the economic center from north to south. The Yellow River was a single name "river", or "river water" before the Han Dynasty. Later, due to the loss of soil and soil of the Loess Plateau, the word "yellow" was added. The third is the ecological advantage of rice. It can constitute an ecological breeding system with fish, shrimp, crabs, and ducks, and forms a water -drought wheat wheat, and it forms a unique recycling system with cattle and pigs. The good ecological function of rice makes the southern ecosystem far more flexible than the northern drought agriculture, and the social system is more harmonious. The combination of terraces and rice has carried forward many of the above advantages, and the area of ​​cultivated land is highly integrated with ecological farming. The distribution of terraces in China

The terraces are distributed around the north and south of China today. What is currently more famous is the "Top Ten Terraces" that people sometimes mentioned: Yunnan Yuanghan -Hani Terraces, Guangxi Longji Terraces, Fujian Youxi Terraces, Guizhou Guizhou Southeast Terraces, Hunan Zihuo Terrace Gaokan Town, Zhenzao Town, Zhejiang, Zhenzhai Town, Zhenzhai, Yibin, Zhenzhai Town, Zhenzhai Town, Zhenzhai Town, Zhenzhai Town, Zhenzhai Town. Of course, these are just part of them. The terraces are the most in Yunnan. In addition to Yuanyang Hanyi terraces, there are Yuxi Terraces in Yuxi City, Mojiang County, Pu'er City, and Terraces of Zhenxian County, and Yilong County, Yulong County, Lijiang City. Guangxi claims to have its own "Top Ten Terraces". Similarly, Sichuan also has many terraces represented by Ganluo County and Miyi County terraces. There are also many terraces in Hubei, such as the Spring Misty Yunshan Terraces, the Panjiawan terraces of the Luo Field, the Enshi Grand Canyon terraces, the Xuanen Iron Factory Pochoic Terrace, the Changping Terrace of Lichuan, the Xianfeng Erping Terraces, and so on.

As mentioned earlier, from ancient times to the present, the formation of terraces depends on human relations. When the population is large and the arable land is insufficient, people can only continue to cultivate land from the mountains, and more mountains are reclaimed. This kind of reclamation was still ongoing until the 1960s and 1970s. The splitting mountains in the "Agricultural Dazhai" movement is the continuation of this behavior. Shanxi Dazhai terraces and Gansu Zhuanglang Terraces appeared in front of us. Most of these terraces are high mountain terraces, while hilly areas are distributed in another form of terraces. For example, "Okita" in East Hubei region is more. There are "ten miles and doubles" at the junction of Hong'an County and Macheng, that is, two lusters of the ten miles long, but this kind of step form is not as spectacular of high mountain terraces. However, the number of them is the result of people's land development and utilization of land areas.

The current situation of terraces

From 2015 to 2017, due to the subject of undertaking the project of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Enterprise Enterprise Bureau- "Research on the Support Policy of China's Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage", I was able to have the opportunity to examine some major terraces. As an important part of China's agricultural and cultural heritage, among the 118 important agricultural cultural heritage of China, which identified in 2013 to 2021, there are 8 terrace heritage. Our research team conducted a survey of six of them from 2015 to 2016. It was felt that the terraces had become a good place to engage in agricultural tourism and leisure agriculture, and also witnessed the beauty of terraces. However, we also found that, as the main promotion type of important agricultural cultural heritage in the world, the survival of such heritage faces many problems and difficulties. The protection of the terrace type heritage land has the following problems: the management cost of terraces is high, and the demand for people, wealth, and things is large; the problem of weak public infrastructure in terraced fields and high cost of maintenance in terraces; Mainly; modern mechanized production is difficult to enter, and the labor force that needs to be invested is large and the production cost is high; the agricultural product output of the terraced field is low and the agricultural income is small. No one is inherited by agricultural production skills. The main reason is that the owner of the terraced field is no longer satisfied with the previous lifestyle, and they look forward to jumping out of the mountains and going to the city.

Like most terraces in the world, the trapezi fields north -south are basically the same today. Below, we try to explain the main problems currently facing the Chinese terraces.

Natural factors cause terrace damage

The existence of terraces is very affected by natural factors, which may cause damage. There are two aspects of natural factors, including floods and droughts.

The rain causes the terrace to decide

The terraced field of Yuanyang County, Yunnan is located in the southern section of the Mountain Mountain. The core area of ​​the terraced field landscape is the deep -cut Zhongshan landform area of ​​the mountains and valleys. Due to the steep mountains and the rough rainfall, it is easy to cause incidents of soil and soil loss, landslides, and terraces, which directly threatened the terraced landscape. Taking Yuanyang County Quanfuzhuang Small Basin as an example, the survey found that a total of 9 landslides have occurred in the area, all of which are small landslides. The maximum width of the landslides is 50 meters, the length is 20 meters, and the thickness is 3-5 meters. repair. Less rain forms drought

In recent years, the extreme arid weather incident in the terraces of the Zihuang boundary of Hunan has increased, causing destruction of terraces. For example, from July 1st to August 15th, 2013, under the control of strong subtropical high -pressure control, Xinhua County continued to sunny and hot, high temperature weather, with an average temperature of 31.6 ° C, which is the highest in history, with the highest temperature of the continuous day of ≥35.0 ℃. It is the most history. Among them, on August 10-13, the extreme maximum temperature of the daily daily continued to exceed 40 ° C, up to 40.8 ° C, a record high. According to surveys, a three hectares of terraces have become dry land due to water shortage, and other villages have sporadically existence due to lack of water. If the problem cannot be solved in a targeted manner and accelerate the protection, under the threat of the global climate change trend, the system function of the Purple Circle terraces will face increasingly severe challenges.

Social factors cause difficult maintenance of terraces

The contradictions of more people and less places are very prominent

The eight terraces of terraces inspected by our project group are located in large agricultural counties, and the per capita arable land area is seriously insufficient. The per capita area of ​​Panzhihua Township, Yuanyang County, Honghe, Yunnan is the largest of 2 acres. The per capita area of ​​Youxi County, Fujian is the least, less than half acres. The per capita terraced area of ​​the eight terraces of terraces is less than 1.2 acres. Under the responsibility system, the cost of maintenance is very high. Living only by the terraced fields, the income is far from meeting the needs of farmers' life.

The cost of production and living rising

The terrace area is currently facing the problem of agricultural price increases, and productive expenditures have increased year by year. Due to the narrow area of ​​the terraced fields in the mountainous areas, it is not possible to mechanize the cultivation, which basically depends on manpower. The cost of planting grain is high, and the annual income of farming is very low. Labor forces in many areas can be revenue for one year for planting food for 2-3 days. Taking Hebei Xixian County as an example, the average annual income of migrant workers is about 5.6 times the average annual non -agricultural income, which is 29 times that of the average annual agricultural income. Most of the younger generations go out to work. A large number of people are flowing out. Most of the left -behind heritage land are middle -aged and elderly people, women and children. According to statistics from Chongyi County, Jiangxi, the worst wasteland was from 2013 to 2014, and the peak of the waste area reached 1/3 of the existing land area. Youxi County, Fujian is also very serious. What is worrying is that the deserted land often cannot be cultivated immediately, and it takes more than 3 years to restore production.

Ecological value is underestimated and cannot highlight uniqueness

The value of food safety, ecological function and environmental protection is seriously undervalued. As a result, the investment of modern agriculture replaces traditional organic investment. Some chemicals replace organic fertilizer and make traditional production methods lose. Although some people think that this is a trend that keeps pace with the times, there is a big difference with traditional terraced culture. Traditional varieties are disadvantaged in the planting area, and farmers have selected modern varieties. In Chongyi, Jiangxi, hybrid rice is high -yield, and daily management is relatively simple. Therefore, with the loss of rural labor, terraces operators choose more planting hybrid rice to replace traditional rice. This has significantly reduced the area of ​​traditional rice planting, the traditional rice varieties are seriously lost, and biodiversity is severely challenged.

Modern civilization weaken the concept of traditional culture

In the Longji Terraces of Guangxi, the ancient settlement that is closely related to the terraced field landscape due to the impact of modern civilization and the influence of tourism, many heritage elements have been commercialized, which has weakened the traditional concepts of the people of all ethnic groups in Longji. The event is no longer held or rarely held, such as sacrificing Shenshan. The inheritance and ideological heritage of folk beliefs, folk customs such as the labor and ancient settlement rural life has been challenged by modernization.

Infrastructure insufficient infrastructure

The infrastructure of the terraced area is weak, the ability to resist disasters is weak, and causes unstable agricultural production.

Analysis of the cause of the dilemma faced by the terraced field

You can know where the terraces will go today. In the 1960s and 1970s, there was a lack of salary required for life in the south. Many places had to go up the mountain to cut firewood, which caused the mountains in many areas to become bare. Later, as farmers entered the city, the rural areas also began to use a large amount of fossil energy. Now the mountains in almost all areas in the south have been lush, and they are full of bamboo forests. Because the comparative benefits of agriculture are far less than other industries, farmers have become the first choice. Explanation from economics, that is, the owner of the terrace agriculture exists in other options, or make other choices for the consideration of comparative benefits. Scholars who studied the three farmers issues the essence of today's "Chinese dragon" to take off in the view of China's "farmers 'rationality". They believe that farmers' rationality stems from the consciousness, attitude and views formed in the long -term production and living environment. It includes "hard work". "Diligence", "calculation", "reciprocity", "human feelings", "good learning", "good learning", "stability", "patience". It is the "superposition advantage" of these core values ​​of farmers' rationality with the various characteristics of industrial and commercial development, which has created a "Chinese miracle". Looking back at history, the cultural glory created by traditional Chinese civilization basically depends on the pavement of farmers' rationality. The rational expansion of Chinese farmers has achieved the development of ancient civilization. As a result, the form of farming in terraces exists widely, and it has also achieved today's Chinese economic miracle. However, today's terrace owners will also follow the pace of modern civilization to re -examine their behavioral methods and attitudes of life. This is because farmers' rationality is exhausted, and we cannot let them be isolated from the world. Modern civilization is accompanied by the city. The countryside is only a paradise for a small number of people. Young people yearn for the lives of the city. As a result, many regions of the countryside are mostly old and women. Therefore, the inevitable phenomenon is: relatively remote terraced areas, leaving young adults has also become a trend. This depends on the level of the city's entry threshold. The owner of the terraced fields in remote areas will move slowly or a few steps than the developed rural areas. However, over time and the development of information, they will eventually take the urbanized last bus. In foreign countries, such as the Philippines, there are also difficulties in the terrace area. A large number of young people have left the local migration to the city. In our country, the young adults of the Zhejiang Qingtian rice field fish farming system also have the phenomenon that is far from its ancestors' production methods, and the Yunnan Yuanyang Terraces System may also face the same problem.

The future direction of the terraced field

The dilemma facing terraces is not an isolated phenomenon. Just as China's important agricultural cultural heritage today is a dynamic heritage, the terraces are also in a dynamic change process. The future change direction depends on how we face its dilemma today and form a countermeasure.

"Crisis" is a very clear vocabulary, but recently people interpreted it as "the opportunity to hidden in danger". The future of the terraces can also be said to be a critical collection. In response to the characteristics of terraced field agriculture, the local area has carried out terrace tourism, and the application of the global important agricultural cultural heritage and China's important agricultural cultural heritage has given the terraced field protection and inheritance and maintenance.

With the help of leisure agriculture, use the economic value of the terrace landscape

Leisure agriculture is based on agricultural production, rural style, farm life, rural culture, and develops a variety of functions of agriculture and rural areas to provide new agricultural industry forms that provide services such as leisure and sightseeing, agricultural participation and farm experience. , Adjust the agricultural structure, improve the agricultural environment, and increase farmers' income. At present, China's leisure agriculture includes four basic forms: farmhouses, leisure farms, leisure farms, and leisure villages.

An important part of leisure agriculture is tourism. In this regard, some of the rich terraces have carried out this work very early to expand the multifunctional nature of agriculture and create revenue for regions with landscape characteristics.

In these respects, Guangxi Longsheng Terraces and Yunnan Honghe Hani Terraces are the most prominent. Before the development of tourism, the economy of the local residents was mainly agriculture and forestry supplemented. In 1993, the autonomous counties of Longsheng developed the dragon -ridge terraces in the form of "tourism poverty alleviation" to stimulate local socio -economic development. Among them, Ping Anzhai conducted tourism development in 1995 and developed well. In 1999, the Longji Tietian Scenic Area was established and began to collect tickets. At that time, there were 27,542 domestic and foreign tourists who travel to Ping'an Village in 2000. Since 1999, after nearly 20 years of tourism development, in 2015, Longsheng County's ecological tourism tourism based on the Longji Terrace Scenic Area received a total of 7.094 million tourists. %. In 2016, tourists to the Longji Terraces Scenic Area were close to 1 million for the first time.

Yunnan Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture also pays great attention to the additional economic income brought by terraces tourism to the terraces. In the 1990s, due to the lack of infrastructure and tourism facilities and the lack of publicity and publicity, the tourism industry has not yet developed. In order to protect Hani's farming culture, in December 2000, the Yuanyang County Tourism Bureau was formally established to fully intervene in the management of terrace tourism activities, and proposed to cultivate Hani Terrace Tourism as the primary pillar industry for Fu Minqiang County. Since then, the government has also organized tourism projects with national characteristics and participation, and enrich the cultural experience of tourists, such as the Hani traditional Angmart Festival, the Bitza Festival, and the Hani "Long Street Banquet". In order to further enhance the popularity and reputation of the Hani terrace, Yuanyang County held the 4th "China · Honghe Hani Terraces Cultural Tourism Festival" in 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011. In August 2007, the Hani Terdoire Management Bureau of Honghe Prefecture was formally established, providing organizational guarantee for the development and utilization of Hani terraces. In 2008, the Yuanyang County Government introduced the Yunnan World Expo Group and established the Yunnan Expo Hanyi Terraces Tourism Development Company. Since then, the modern enterprise system management scenic area model of "government -led, enterprise participation, market operations, and separation of scenic spots, and management and management of scenic spots is initially established. Hani Terrace Tourism has begun to enter the stage of rapid development. According to statistics from Yuanyang County's tourism department, during the Spring Festival Golden Week in 2012 alone, the county received a total of 64,719 domestic and foreign tourists, an increase of 15.76%year -on -year. Comprehensive tourism revenue of more than 35.47 million yuan, an increase of 30.29%year -on -year. The number of scenic spots was 34701, and ticket income was 660,000 yuan, an increase of 37.49%year -on -year. As the largest terraces in East China, Zhejiang Yun and Terrace are one of the top ten terraced fields in China. They have "thousands of ladder fields, thousands of meters of gap, thousands of years of history", and they have "10,000 miles of clouds, 10,000 acres of bamboo forest". It is "China's most beautiful terraced field". Clouds and terraces have historical and cultural relics such as Dai culture, farming culture, and goddess culture with local characteristics. Natural landscapes such as Yunhai, Mountain Village, Bamboo Sea, Creek, Waterfall, and Misty have added the unique charm of clouds and terraces, attracting many photographers at home and abroad to come and shoot. Local dedicated to the development of terrace tourism. At present, there are 164 farmhouse homestays, 2,540 beds, and 7,200 meals. It has the "cloud and Yunju, six -headed homestay" brand. High -end characteristic homestays. The price of homestays ranges from 300-800 yuan, and per capita consumption is 500 yuan. More than 20 households such as Jintu, Yinju, and Star -level business households have been cultivated. Pit roots, plum bamboo, Xiayang, Meiyuan and other villages have become provincial farmhouse gathering villages. In the town, special districts such as Yunshi Commercial Street and Meiyuan B & B and other districts are formed. These tourism designs have formed a good social attraction and have a positive impact on the protection of terraces.

Create a good product of agricultural heritage and enhance the value of terrace agricultural products

Beginning in 2002, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization launched the selection of important global agricultural cultural heritage. China took the lead in response. One of the first five heritage was included, namely Zhejiang Qingtian rice and fish symbiosis system. Since then, since 2013, the selection of important agricultural cultural heritage in China has been launched. At present, there have been 6 batches of 138 entrants. , Fujian Youxi Union Terrace, Hebei Shexian Drought Terrace Agricultural System, Guangxi Longji Terrace Agricultural System, Zhejiang Yun and Terrace Agricultural System, Jiangxi Province Chongyi Performers Hakka Agricultural System, Hunan Xinhua Ziyujie Terrace, Shaanxi West Hanyin Fengyan rice field system. Among them, the first two inheritances are not named for terraces, but include terrace elements.

Among all 138 heritage, the biggest problem is protection and inheritance. The reason is that the continuation of the terraces requires labor, and today there are not many young people who are really engaged in agriculture in the countryside. Since the application of inheritance has not received direct support from the government, the protection and inheritance of inheritance are facing great pressure. In the inheritance site, the local government has always encouraged farmers to create brands in the name of China's important agricultural cultural heritage, forming a higher premium than ordinary agricultural products, especially with organic agriculture as a selling point, which can benefit the inheritance land. After that, brands have been formed in various places, such as the red river terraced "terraces of red rice", "green field fish dried fish", "Aohan Xiaomi", "Diembian fern and hemp pork", "Forsythians of the County", "Qingyuan Shiitake Mushroom" and so on. However, these are just the result of their own government, and it may be difficult to form a climate.

The good news is that since 2019, under the guidance of the Promotion Division of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry, China Rural Magazine has opened a "Agricultural Heritage Product" column in the "Agricultural Products Market" magazine. The purpose is to promote the value of China's important agricultural cultural heritage With the power of the media, the agricultural products of the agricultural cultural heritage of the fire are used to enhance the value of agricultural cultural heritage, promote rural revitalization, drive the rural industry of the inheritance land to continue to enrich the people, and inherit and protect China's important agricultural cultural heritage.

From the perspective of tourism to subsidize the lack of economic investment in the inheritance of the terrace inheritance, and the income of farmers 'inheritance of farmers' farming culture from agricultural products brands in the inheritance site, it should be said that it is two two of the agricultural cultural heritage land in the market economy to achieve cultural heritage. Feasible road.

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