"Modern Chinese Specification Dictionary" three revised new words "debut" is not full of popularity

"Modern Chinese Norms Dictionary" has been revised three times in more than ten years, becoming a vivid footnote of the times

Yangcheng Evening News Reporter Wang Li

From "atypical pneumonia", "interface" to "soft power" and "Weibo", from "Tucao", "local tyrants" to "group chat", "Internet celebrity", "sharing economy" ... new changes in words have always been vivid Foot foot.

Recently, the "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" completed a new round of revision and launched the fourth edition. Since the first edition of the first edition in 2004, the authoritative dictionary of almost people has gone through the spring and autumn of eighteen years, and has experienced three revisions. Each revision will add some hot words that reflect the development of the times, the new words close to daily, and the new meaning and new usage of some words. The process of writing a revised dictionary is a "draft contest" in the word industry. The difference is that you can "debut" without popularity. It also depends on what the meaning is and whether it is tasteful.

Jiuyi's manuscript, the preliminary edition compilation emphasizes the specifications

In the early 1990s, under the guidance of the famous linguist Lu Shuxiang, Xu Jialu, Cao Xianzheng and others, the "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary Editorial Committee" was established, and the writing of the "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" was officially launched. This work was included in the "Eighth Five -Year Plan" key planning project of the National Language Commission. From the formal writing to the submission time, it took more than ten years. Jiuyi's manuscript, nearly 100 experts who have participated in the writing work. On February 15, 2004, the "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" was jointly published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press and Chinese Publishing House.

One of the most distinctive features of "Modern Chinese Normative Dictionary" is "standardization". In strict accordance with the "Simplified Characters", "Modern Chinese General Forms", "The First Batch of Alien Characters", the glyphs are specified, and the "first batch of alien words sorting tables" specify the word shape, and according to the "Chinese Pinyin Plan", "Mandarin Reading Words" The rescue form is specified. At the same time, according to the relevant national documents, the term and measurement units are regulated.

For those who do not regulate standards, the "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" starts from the principle of the principle of discretion. For example, the idiom of "grounding the wind", other dictionaries at the time were interpreted as "cause and cause", as well as "nonsense". The "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" is summarized as "the rumors of the original metaphor have certain reasons or basis; now the rumors are not based", so that history and the present are distinguished, which is convenient for readers to understand.

Three revisions, include new words to keep pace with the times

As a master of the linguistic community, Lu Shuxiang once said: "With the development of language, there must be new dictionaries to reflect the changes in language; with the revision and increase of the relevant national standards and standards, new dictionaries must be reflected." "Modern Modern The Chinese Normation Dictionary is a comprehensive Chinese dictionary that keeps pace with the times.

The first edition of "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" received about 13,000 words and more than 68,000 words. Among them, there were more than 4,000 new words and new meaning of the year, such as "atypical pneumonia", "interface", "Bluetooth technology", etc., and gave new meaning to words such as "desktop" and "wealth". In addition, environmental awareness is also reflected, such as the "bear's paw" entry clearly reminded that "in order to protect wildlife, relevant state regulations prohibit the bears as food."

Six years later, in 2010, the second edition of the "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" was launched. The words that must be mastered in more than 600 Chinese texts and more than 2,600 new words that have entered the public Chinese life, such as "harmonious society", "ecological ecology" Civilization "" soft power "," emission reduction "," Weibo "and so on. The meaning and usage of some words have also been supplemented. For example, the "regular" adds "to meet certain standards" meaning, and "navigator" adds new usage to "a good network navigator for students". This revision also deleted more than 1,400 words that were not commonly used at the time.

The third edition of the "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" was released in 2014, adding to nearly 400 Chinese characters in the "General Specification Chinese Character Tables", which is mainly used for surnames, names, place names, scientific and technological nouns, and classical Chinese teaching. Hundreds of new words that reflect the characteristics of the times, such as "WeChat", "Loss", "Positive Energy", "Tucao", "Tucao" and "Geological Gust." The term "local tyrant" has previously been included in the dictionary, which means "the strong in the old place". With the popularity of its new righteousness, the third edition supplements the new meaning of "today refers to the rich and rich people who lack culture and correct values".

Recently, the fourth edition of the "Modern Chinese Normal Dictionary" Fuzi. The revision is still a "veteran" written by the first edition. The Consultation member of the State Council Commission, the winner of the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Fourth Dictionary Career, and Li Xingjian, a professor of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, have been completed in eight years. Compared with the old version, the new version of the dictionary has included a number of new things that have been developed with the development of society, such as "sharing economy", "curve overtaking", "top -level design", "new normal", "carbon peak", "carbon peak", "carbon," Carbon neutralization "" cloud computing "," mobile payment ", etc.; Some new network terms close to daily, such as" Internet celebrities "," group chat "," group owner "," brain supplement "," brain hole "and so on. In the past, the word "second" of the time unit was only added to the meaning of "relying on very short time (multiple used for adverbial)", and the word "brush" added "to the entry of some information similar to the moves similar to 'brush'. , Output and recognition "meaning. In this way, is the meaning and process of "brushing the face" "understand"! These words, although popular, have not been included

Looking back on the revisions, in fact, which new words have gone through the process of approximate "draft". For example, there are many Internet hot words about the "local tyrants", including "leftover men", "leftover women", "white Fumei", "Xipa Pan" and so on. Although these words were also popular in that year, they were not included in the third edition of the "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary" published eight years ago.

In an interview, Li Xingjian revealed that there are two main aspects of the word collection criteria for the "Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary": one is whether it is circulating and stabilized, and the other is whether to enter the public opinion life of the masses and have a certain taste. "A certain number of new words will be generated every year. In the second year, only a small part of them will continue to be used. The new word 'survival rate' is often not high. We will insist on included more stable words." Li Xingjian said.

In the process of revising the third edition, popular words such as "Bai Fumei" and "Hi Dapu" are controversial. Experts generally believe that these words meet the language creation of netizens and reflect the entertainment function of language, but Its vitality needs to be tested.

Of course, there are some controversial words. For example, the "local tyrants" mentioned above are interpreted as "people who have money and lack culture and correct values", and are opposed by some netizens. In this regard, Li Xingjian explained from the perspective of the compilation that "local tyrants" refer to the upstarts who have obtained a large number of wealth through certain channels, and their cultural literacy or values ​​may be incorrect. People who laugh and laugh, people often ridiculed these people as "local tyrants". "Local tyrants" refer to people who belong to this category, but also this phenomenon in society, which is a neutral word.

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