Zero Carbon Revolution west of the West

At present, global climate changes are becoming a major problem that cannot be ignored and avoided: ozone empty holes, greenhouse gas emissions, and sea level rising ... These seemingly great disasters that seem to be far from contemporary people are increasingly intensified.

Since the summer of 2022, the stove mode has been opened in many places across the country. The temperature exceeds 40 ° C, and news hotspots such as high temperature weather and heat irritation have occupied the first place in the hot search list. Human beings have clearly noticed that in the past few decades, the frequency of extreme high temperature weather in the world has increased significantly. Observation records for more than 50 years show that the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide has continued to rise with the growth of the world's population, economic and carbon emissions, and the global average temperature has also increased.

From today's perspective, it is necessary and urgent to control the global warming, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and accelerate the achievement of carbon neutrality. As a developing country with more than 1.4 billion people, in addition to governing pollution and ecological protection, my country also faces difficult tasks such as developing economy and improving people's livelihood. Time is far shorter than developed countries, so we need to pay more hard work.

There is no doubt that the impact of the "double carbon target" is far -reaching and unprecedented. It not only directly involves various industries such as energy, manufacturing, construction, and finance, but also reshape my country's economic structure, changing all aspects of people's lives.

Due to resource endowment in the western region, the status of spatial status in national energy transformation, energy security, and low -carbon economy is increasingly prominent. Whether it is "Western East Instead" and "Industrial Transfer", or "Solid Carbon Increasing", it is necessary Estimated low -carbon development potential.

"West Wind" point "light"

Although my country is vast, the distribution of energy resources is not uniform. Economic development in the southeast region is rapid and energy demand is strong. It is not matched with it that its energy supply is not abundant. In the early days of reform and opening up, Guangdong often encountered the dilemma of power shortage -the power supply was serious, and the factory was forced to "open four stops" or even "three stops and four". Power shortage has almost become a bottleneck that restricts the economic development of Guangdong and even the majority of eastern regions.

Despite the shortage of electricity resources, the central and eastern regions are more willing to choose local coal power. At that time, it was difficult for Sichuan, which was located in the inland to completely eliminate local hydropower. As we all know, there are rich water resources in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi and other provinces. Clean energy such as wind and light in Qinghai, Xinjiang and other regions is even more tentacle, but it is often difficult to convert due to the relatively poor economy and the degree of development. Clean and green electricity, power supply is also insufficient.

This has also caused my country's long -term obvious economic development gap. With the Hu Huanyong Line (that is, my country's geography scientist Hu Huanyong's comparison line of the density of my country's population in 1935- "Heihe-Tengchong First Line") is bound, and the west with a area of ​​more than 70%of China, only 400 million The population, at the same time, only created 20%of the country's GDP, a huge gap with the eastern region.

One end is water flowing away, and the other is the burning coal. In those years, people joked, "The southwest rivers are rolling, and all the flowing are coal and oil." The eastern region hopes to use the "clean electricity" from the distant northwest of the distant big northwest and southwest to make these "remote gifts" from the west "moving" to the east.

In our country, coal tyrants have long occupied the "C position" of energy production and consumption. In addition to coal, biosiolite fuel also occupies a considerable share, and the firepower generated by this accounts for more than 70%of my country's electricity. On the one hand, thermal power causes a large amount of carbon emissions to form huge pollution. On the other hand, because of long -distance transportation, its international political and security issues cannot be ignored.

Because of this, the country has deployed two key points in the energy sector of the western development strategy, one of which is Western Power East. And this distant "delivery" is the "road" that needs to be tailored for it is the power grid.

Today, the power grids raised by the Western Power East Transmission Project are criss -crossed and spread all over the land of the motherland. From 2001 to 2010, the total investment of the project exceeded 526.5 billion yuan. Construction.

According to statistics, more than 450 billion kWh each year is sent to the eastern region through a high -voltage line of 34,640 kilometers. From the distant Northwest, the southwest, span the third -level ladder, from west to east. , Support the machine rotating day and night in the factory to ensure the daily living of millions of households.

Although the journey is far away, the western power transmission has reduced my country's electricity price and reduced the burden of life of our people. In addition, the West East East Transmission Project can reduce the consumption of 380 million tons of coal in the east and central parts each year, which means that the eastern region It can reduce sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides more than 200,000 tons, and reduce the dust of 50,000 tons, which greatly improves the environment of eastern my country. For the west, its resource advantages have been transformed into economic advantages through the Western Power East transmission project, and the west has such opportunities for development. There is no doubt that this century's project is winning.

In 2020, the "Guiding Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Development of the Western Development in the New Era" wrote: "Continue to increase the construction of key transmission channels across the provincial and regional transmission and other provinces to improve the capacity of clean power transmission."

This time, with the advancement of the goal of "carbon -to -peak and carbon neutrality", Western East will usher in new opportunities for history. The proportion of continuously rising renewable energy installations in my country will reshape the grid in the next 10 years, and the current of Western Power East will become more and more "green". This distant "gift" may give us the opportunity to re -examine everything around -in Shanghai, the luminous bund stops. At this time, they do not know that more than 30 % of the lights here are "light up in the southwest. "In Henan, photoelectric depart from Qinghai Tara Beach, passed through Gansu, Shaanxi and other provinces, and arrived all the way to Chi Riyan Zhuma store to bring it to comfort and cool; in Guangzhou, the machine on the assembly line buzzed Pass through the mountains and rotten forests, accompanied by waves aroused on the Yunnan -Guizhou Plateau ...

Computing power "base"

For a long time, "downtime" is the "indispensable" of e -commerce promotion and the "indispensable" red envelope of the Spring Festival Gala. However, these memorable experiences have changed in the past two years. Even if the traffic peaks such as "618 promotion", most e -commerce platforms have held the pressure of "high concurrency (programming term in the computer industry, referring to the design guarantee system to deal with many requests at the same time)", and There is no doubt that these changes come from the rapid growth of computing power.

Marx once mentioned in "Capital": "Hand -to -grinding is the society of the owner, and the steam is produced by the society of industrial capitalists." Throughout human history, the great progress of each production method means that new "infrastructure networks" are weaving and forming. In the steam era, the "railway network" is deployed. In the electrical era, the "power grid" is weaved.

"Computing power" sounds unfamiliar, but in fact, it is no longer the concept of freshness. Every time you open the "green code", every video conference, every search click ... "Calculation" is everywhere in daily life, if Without a strong computing power, the colorful digital world no longer exists.

Each "calculation" is inseparable from the processing calculation of the data center. In popular terms, the data center is the powerful "base" of this "computing power network" infrastructure. However, the data center has always been a systematic engineering with assets, multi -technical integration, long construction cycle, and high investment costs. The amount of calculation is getting larger and the power consumption has increased.

Data show that the current annual electricity consumption of various data centers in my country has accounted for about 2%of the power consumption of the whole society, and the growth rate of power consumption has maintained more than 10%for many years. It is not an exaggeration to describe it as a "power consumption monster".

In the face of huge data center energy consumption requirements, some areas in the east positioning data centers as high -energy consumption industries to restrict development. In some first -tier cities with severe insufficient electrical water indicators, some projects were shut down for a time.

This has also become an important reason why some technology giants strive to find "dwelling" for data centers. Huawei "concealed" Ulancha Cloud Data Center in Inner Mongolia Prairie. Tencent "Tibet" in Guizhou Data Center in Guizhou Shenshan Tunnel. And Facebook Lulio's data center is only 100 kilometers away from the Arctic circle ...

Today, the digital economy has flourished, and all walks of life are facing a comprehensive digital transformation. The needs of the number of connections, data flow, data computing and storage have shown index levels. This undoubted Require.

On February 17, 2022, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments jointly issued documents. my country will build 8 computing pots in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia, Guizhou and other places, and build 10 national data centers in Zhangjiakou, Shaoguan, Wuhu and other places. Cluster. At this point, the overall layout design of the National Integrated Big Data Center system has been officially launched.

It is not difficult to find that, except for the three hubs of the Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, in the "Planning", the rest are in cities in central and western cities. For more than 70 % of my country, it is just now.

Energy consumption is considered to be the "original sin" of the data center. Based on the power consumption of 204.5 billion kilowatt -hours of data centers in 2020, it is equivalent to the two -year power generation of the Three Gorges Dam. Its energy consumption is equivalent to 60 million tons of coal in the year and discharged 160 million tons of carbon dioxide.

The western regions of my country are widely crowded, the temperature is suitable, and clean energy such as wind power, photovoltaic, hydropower, and other clean energy is more suitable for using these electricity centers than the data centers that have stable power consumption.

According to the "Several Policies and Measures of the Guidou" of Gui'an New Area "Guo'an New District" strong provincial capital "in February of this year, the pricing of 1 degree power center within the area of ​​the direct pipe area is implemented. The degree at least 1 yuan, the gap can be seen.

Known as the "Three Gorges of the Air" and the capital of the wind power, the average annual temperature is 0 ~ 6 ° C, and the temperature in Guizhou in the south stabilizes at about 18 ° C. Most of these western cities, which are "favored" by large data centers, are rare and suitable for temperatures, and have become "artifacts" for evacuation data centers. Because of this, the average PUE (electrical energy use efficiency, PUE = total energy consumption/IT device energy consumption in large data centers above the country is greater than 1, the closer to 1 indicates that the less energy consumption of the non -IT device, that is, the energy efficiency level In the case of 1.4, the optimal level in the central and western regions has reached 1.08. There is no doubt that it is not only "South Gui and Northern Wu". In the future, there will be more such cities in the Midwest. If the agricultural society depends on water conservancy and the industrial society depends on power, then the digital age must be relying on computing power, and computing power is regarded as productivity in the digital era.

The "2021-2022 Global Computing Power Index Report" pointed out that the computing power index is increased by 1 point at an average of 1 point, and the digital economy and GDP will increase by 3.5 ‰ and 1.8 ‰, respectively. Public data shows that the world's annual data will increase from 33ZB in 2018 to 175ZB in 2025 (1ZB = 100 trillion bytes).

Computing power provides strong support for data and intelligence, while the western region grows into the "computing power base" in the digital age. Facing the situation of my country's "East Qiangqiang and Weak", the East West Calculation has created new opportunities for the competitiveness of the majority of the western region.

According to the estimates of authoritative agencies, the annual investment volume of East Digital West Calculation Project reaches hundreds of billions of yuan, and the role of the related industries is even 1: 8, that is, the investment of 1 yuan, generating the value of 8 yuan. Data centers with long industrial chain, large investment scale, and strong driving effects will not only create many jobs in infrastructure construction, but also drive professional positions such as data processing and software development.

East Digital is known as the "South -to -North Water Diversion" in the era of digital economy. With the development and evolution of technologies such as the Yuan universe, 5G, virtual reality, etc., autonomous driving, remote medical treatment and other industries also need computing power support. The urgent demand is expected to grow rapidly at a rate of more than 20%each year.

The better the eastern development, the more the output data, the more business in the western data center. This division of labor collaboration is not so much the power of my country's digital economy, it is a large range Complete advantages.

Carbon library search for "gold"

In popular terms, carbon neutrality means how much greenhouse gases should be absorbed back to achieve relatively "zero emissions". The total amount of carbon dioxide or greenhouse gas emissions directly or indirectly generates "revenue and expenditure" through the form of tree planting, energy saving and emission reduction, that is, one -sided growth, while consumption, reaching the balance of "carbon emissions" and "carbon removal" balance " Essence

In the past ten years, my country has transformed wasteland, carbon reduction and energy saving, improving people's livelihood, and constantly creating new miracles. The U.S. Space Agency has produced a satellite picture reflecting the changes in forestances in my country from 2000 to 2021. After observing the increase in the area of ​​earth greening, researchers originally thought that the main reason was that environmental factors such as climate warming promoted plant growth, but the analysis of satellite data showed that human greening activities also contributed greatly. According to statistics, about a quarter of the new green area from 2000 to 2017, about a quarter of its own country, the contribution ratio ranks first in the world.

As a rich carbon exchange ("carbon exchange", that is, the process, activities and mechanisms of the absorption of green plants and transformation of CO2, and its ability is the development of the vegetation industry mainly based on the forest and grass industry.), The western part of my country is the human living environment. Sustainable development of extremely important ecological security barrier. Relevant studies have shown that the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau's grassland ecosystem accounts for 14%of China's carbon exchange; glacier covers an area of ​​about 47,000 square kilometers, which is the glacier concentration area of ​​low -toland areas on the planet; different types of wetland and soil organic carbon reserves reached 160 billion tons The many years of frozen soil areas are important organic carbon storage.

Today, the western region has also traded this carbon -absorbing and carbon capacity. The production, self -development and trade of carbon exchange jointly structured the carbon exchange industry market.

In Lanzhou New District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, two 11,700 acres of ecological forests are growing quietly. After being approved, the amount of carbon reduction of these ecological forests is 12,000 tons of carbon dioxide. Based on the results of this verification, the Ecological Environment Bureau of Lanzhou New District issued the first batch of "Silk Road Carbon Tickets" registration certificate for two projects after the successful filing.

At the end of 2021, the carbon reduction displacement of the two afforestation projects traded at the Lanzhou Environment Energy Trading Center. As the transferee, Lanzhou New District Urban Development Investment Group Co., Ltd. purchased the "Silk Road Carbon Ticket" of two projects at a price of 41.94 yuan per ton of carbon dioxide, and used it as a pledged material. 10,000 yuan loan financing.

In February this year, Guizhou issued the province's first forestry carbon ticket to Qi Green Ecological Green Industry Development Co., Ltd. in Guizhou. The company's 33056 acres of forest wood solid carbon release volume reached 135.73 million tons. Based on the average minimum unit price of carbon exchange transactions in recent years, the carbon trading value was worth about 3.05 million yuan.

In April, in Yangchang Town, Dafang County, Bijie City, Guizhou Province, the 70 -year -old villager Chen Yufa nailed a white number card on the fir tree in his forest land, 1, 16, 53, 157 ... The number card forms a chic scenery in the forest land. These numbers are the "ID card" of the fir tree, and each tree can "sell air" each year to earn 3 yuan. This is a single carbon exchange precision poverty alleviation project. As of now, the Guizhou single -plant carbon exchange project has completed the development of 11,359 households in 33 cities (states) in the province's 9 cities (states) in 33 counties. 10,000 kg, the sales amount is 13.5 million yuan.

As the largest discharge country of carbon dioxide, my country may become the largest market for global carbon trading in the future. Facing the international market that is in short supply of carbon exchange quota, the remaining carbon exchange is sold to the east and central regions of our country, so that it will reduce emission reduction in different places in China. The emergence of the carbon exchange industry will undoubtedly give huge development opportunities in the western region.

At the two sessions in 2022, Shen Nanpeng, the founder of Sequoia China, proposed that forests, grasslands, lakes, and wetlands in the west are an important ecological barrier in my country, and there are certain solid carbon potential. Essence Desert reducing carbon reduction and ecological carbon is unaware of it. In the past, due to the difficulty of value accounting, most of the western regions had insufficient ecological compensation. Only by finding out the bottom of the ecological carbon exchange, allowing the carbon contribution of the western region to measure and accountable, form a reasonable ecological compensation mechanism, use market -oriented methods to add green and gold, and incorporate the western ecological carbon exchange project in the national carbon market. Let the West get more benefits from the potential of fixation and increase in exchange.

postscript

Since the Industrial Revolution, humans have burned fossil fuels and forests in large numbers, and the increased greenhouse gases have continued to increase, which has led to a significant heating worldwide since the 20th century. At present, the new crown epidemic is spreading globally, and the relationship between man and nature should cause profound reflection.

From this point of view, the significance of carbon peaks and carbon neutrality is no less than the third industrial revolution. Sun Faping, deputy dean of the Qinghai Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, believes that although "double carbon" does not have the iconic product of the times, with the major adjustment of the economic structure, people’s lifestyle, consumption preferences, and value concepts will be "updated". The goal of pursuit will also achieve a major transformation from "improving efficiency" to "recycling sustainable", and its influence will penetrate widely and lasting into all aspects of social life.

Such a large -scale, wide field, and deep -seated change are not only technical challenges, but also a social challenge. However, if there is another approach, this time the opportunity to reshape the development of the east and west is not invisible and invisible to the distant future. Instead, it is in front of you, right now.

Text/Wang Wei

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