In the sea of China, Dugong has functional extinction

On Wednesday, the British "Royal Society Open Science" published an article, arguing that Dugong has been functionally extinct in the Chinese waters. The conclusion is based on a joint study of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the London Animal Society.

Dugong dugon ｜ Pierre Vergnaud / Wikimedia Commons

The research team sorted out the last time in China in China, confirming that the last witness records of the Echong Gen in China were 2008; the universal visits of community residents within the history of the history of the duggen showed that local residents have not seen Dugong 23 years on average for 23 years. Essence According to historical data, the rapid collapse of the dugvy population in China began in 1975. Combining the changes in habitats within the scope of its historical distribution, the research team believes that the Confucian breeds in the Chinese waters can no longer maintain their self -survival.

When there are no individuals in the residual population that can reproduce, or if the population is too small, it cannot maintain the population in the ecosystem, which is called "functional extinction". This research is about the functional extinction of Dugong in the sea of ​​China. There are still duggies elsewhere in other places.

Perhaps it is the eyes of Dugong who have been far away from the Chinese people for too long, or it is not only unique to Dugong. This research results have not caused people to discuss the people like the functional extinction/extinction of the white dumplings and whiteness in recent years. Essence Like these extinction stories, the disappearance of dugong is also composed of many regrets -the unreasonable use of natural resources, misjudgment of a biological survival situation, and the long overdue of protection measures ... It is true that these regrets discussing discussions on these regrets It should not be separated from the historical background, and traceable itself cannot have a slightest impact on the factual facts, but it can at least tell us what happened to this blue territory we are guarding, and what should we do in the future.

From the "ominous signs" to the organization of the organization

The intersection of Dugong and Chinese people is quite long, but in the long historical period, the image of Dagong has been shrouded in mysterious colors.

From "Shan Hai Jing" to "Different Books", Dugong is described as a unique to the South China Sea. Its tears can be turned into pearls, and the oil can last forever. It is not surprising that people have such a solution in a warm sea area and far away from the core area of ​​the Central Plains. But the paradox is that the historical habitats of Dagong in South China and Southeast Asia have commonly related to the tradition of dunken mythology, especially the tradition of being regarded as women in the sea. Mermaid legend material.

Both Dugongke and the Brahmotae family belong to the hood, but their tails have obvious differences. The tail of Dugong is divided into two leafs, which are crescent -shaped (left); the tail of the hippocampus is round (right is Western Indian hulls). Although it looks like a whale and seal, the recent relatives of the sea cows are elephants | Sebastian Gerhard VentureMedia / Wikimedia Commons; U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geology Survey

When a creature is crowned with mysterious colors, it is likely to lead it to the two situations -or it is considered to be widely used as auspicious (or unknown) that is considered to have some special effects. To. Both stories are reflected in Dugong. In the coastal areas of Vietnam, Thailand, and Cambodia, people will kill duggen and expect its meat to play a "aphrodisiac" role. Fortunately, Chinese Dugong seems to be the protagonist of the latter. It is an ominous signs in the fishing net by mistake, and there are very few murderous killing duggen.

Unfortunately, simple values ​​have not continued to this day. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, breaking the feudal superstition played a positive role in most scenarios, but it gradually caused the fishing list of fishermen to appear in Dugong. In 1955, the Researcher's Researcher's Researcher's Researcher's Researcher's Body Body was based. The first Dagong scientific record was made in China, and this Dugong appeared in the seafood market in Beihai.

In Nandermen, a person with both ends and two ends of Dugong ｜ Collectie Stichting National Museum Van WerldCulturen

After three years of killing, it opened after 3 years. From 1958 to 1962, in order to solve the problem of food supplies, the Shatian Commune in Hepu County, Guangxi organized targeted dunners to catch the surrounding operations, causing a total of 216 dugongs. There are not many people in Shatian, and many residents are able to eat the blessing of dug -in meat. Among the elderly Shatian today, there are many unique tastes that can reflect on it between pork and beef.

Miss the best protection time

Such a fence was not stopped in time. In fact, after a brief description of Dugong in 1955, Researcher Shouyao has faintly smelled a trace of abnormalities -learned from the mouth of local fishermen that the frequency of the local duggy is far less frequent as decades ago. Although the fishing of Dugong has just started, the population scale of this mysterious creature seems to be seriously threatened. Based on this judgment, Researcher Shoushuang immediately appealed that it should be protected by the establishment of a banned area. A Eulong taken by the Red Sea ｜ Kora27 / Wikimedia Commons

Unfortunately, the appeal to the yellow yellow is not responded until 31 years. Perhaps it was precisely in these 31 years that we missed the best time for the protection of Dugong.

In fact, before the 1980s, it was a pseudo -proposition to protect Dugong and how to protect Dugong. We do not have a comprehensive investigation of the dugvy in the domestic waters, and we lack awareness of many details of this biological life cycle. In 1976, the scientific research team led by Fudan University came to Shatian to try to capture some of the Eagles for research. Among the 26 dugvy that was caught in the end, only 3 survived, and the remaining 23 corpses were cut to the surrounding villagers as usual. The 3 surviving duggis died in the local reservoir, and most of the subsequent research was not completed.

Until today, the artificial breeding and artificial breeding of Dugong is still difficult. There are only 3 cases of existing artificial cultivation in the world worldwide.

In February 1984, the fried fish fried in the Sha Tin area accidentally killed two echoes. After the media reported, he was quickly discussed. The protection of Confucianism finally became a hot spot for the discussion of the whole people. Two years later, the provincial -level Dugong Reserve with the core of the surrounding waters of Shatin was established. In 1989, Dugong was included in the first -class protection of animals. In 1992, the protected area was upgraded to a national nature reserve, and the protection of Chinese Confucianism was launched.

"There is no dugher of the Confucian reserves"

The establishment of a Duggen Reserve in Hepu is of course a wise choice.

Among all marine mammals, Dugong is the only strict implantist. The most important ingredients in East and Southeast Asia are Halodule Pinifolia and Zosrata Japonica, which grows. The amount of adulthood eats a huge amount of food, and the area of ​​seagrass eaten every day in a dunchen is almost equivalent to a standard football field. If you want to maintain a large number of Confucius living in a sea area for a long time, the seagrass bed is very important. The water quality around Hepu was clear and stable, and at least thousands of hectares of seagrass beds were established in the reserve. Such conditions were full of domestic coastal coasts at that time.

Dagong is strict planting animals ｜ Lord Mountbatten / Wikimedia Commons

But unfortunately, despite the rise and then rising at the level of the protected area, the area expands, the trace of duggy is becoming more and more difficult to see. my country ’s marine mammal research Thai Dou Wang Lie once mentioned worried that Dugong in the Beibu Gulf was already a“ sharp reduction ”state, and in the initial research report of the reserve operation, no trace of Ech about activities was found at all.

In 2000, Nanjing Normal University organized three consecutive inspections in the Hepu Reserve. Although no traces of Dugong were found, the root cause of the problem was found. Different from the "Sea and Plants Side" and "Seago can arch the people" that residents recall. At this time, the Hepu Sea Sea bed has long been severely degraded, and within the core area of ​​the protected area, the continuous dragging net fishing boats and sewage discharge can still be seen everywhere everywhere. Essence

Food marks left by Dugong at Okinawa Sea Grass ｜ Teamzan.ti-DA.NET

This is actually the embarrassment facing the Hepu Reserve. Starting from the establishment of a provincial -level protected area in 1986, the Hepu Reserve has no corresponding management agencies for 11 years. In 1998, after the establishment of the management station of the National Nature Reserve of Hepu, the cramped persons could not effectively control all the areas of the protected area, but also often passive in the wrestling of the local departments "to develop or protect".

In 2010, there were 254 hectares of seaweed beds in the protected area, but the construction of Shatian Port in the following year, the construction of sand pumping affected the transparency of the sea water, and the area of ​​the seaweed bed quickly shrunk to 13 hectares. For many years, local residents have carried out seawater breeding in the protected area and used high -pressure water guns in the beach. In 2014, the port dredging project was directly carried out in the core area. At that time, the seaweed bed area reached 0.5 hectares of history. In the environmental changes, the habitats and algae that had taken advantage of their positions and Japanese eels had disappeared completely. Hepu, even a dugvy could not support it anymore.

Turkish bamboo shoots ｜ sohome jacaranda lilau / wikimedia commit

As the three major ocean ecosystems with mangroves and coral reefs, the ecological effects of seaweed bed have been ignored by people. However, it itself is extremely fragile. The turbid seawater caused by an abnormal storm and an abnormal near -sea salinity brought about by an abnormal land precipitation may lead to severe degradation of seaweed beds. What's more, the seaweed bed is still undergoing the pressure of seawater pollution and direct occupation brought about by people. From the Bohai Sea to the South my country Sea, most of the once -prosperous seaweed beds have disappeared, which also directly affects the living conditions of many creatures that depend on seaweed beds. In Rongcheng City, Weihai, Shandong, the degeneration of the seagrass bed allowed the big swan to give up this vital wintering place; in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, the fading of the seaweed bed not only made the local special residential house "sea grass house" unsuccessful. It also directly affects the scale of fish breeding. In this context, the disappearance of strict vegetarian dugvy is not an unexpected ending.

The IUCN red list sets duggen as a dangerous level, and it is believed that the number is decreasing | IUCN

In the media interview last year, the managers of the Hepu Reserve admitted that they have always been difficult to release the reputation of "no Confucian Confucian reserves". What is gratifying is that today's Hepu has not been sad because of the "final game". China's seaweed bed recovery is here and elsewhere in China. The restoration of the seaweed bed led by the Ocean University of China has restored nearly 400 hectares of Japanese eel beds. Today's Rongcheng Swan Lake has reappeared the prosperous scene in the past.

Rongcheng Swan Lake Seaweed bed repair scene | China Daily

In contrast, as the largest seagrass bed distribution in China, the road of Hepu may have to go longer and more difficult, but as long as you go in this direction and let the duggle go home, it may not be just a copy of it. Empty thought.

There is still distribution in other sea areas. If my country can be restored by the coastal habitat in China, through manual introduction or traveling on its own, the dugong population in our country may still be recovered. I look forward to the arrival of this day | Vardhanjp/ Wikimedia Commons

references

[1] Lin Mingli, Turvey Samuel T., Han Chouting, Huang Xiaoyu, Mazaris Antonios D., Liu Mingming, Ma Heidi, Yang Zixin, Tang Xiaoming and Li Songhai.2022. Functional extinction of dugongs in ChinaR. Soc. open sci .9211994211994http: //doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211994

[2] "No Confucian Confucian Reserve", https://mini.caixin.com/2021-11-02/101794833.html? CXAPP_LINK = TRUE

[3] "illegal mining of quartz sand mines in Shatian Port Appraisal Zone, Hepu County, Beihai City, causing mineral resources to destroy value appraisal report"

[4] The "Evaluation Report of the Market Value Assets Assets Assets Evaluation Report of the Hai Sand and Sea Sand Processing of Shatian Wharf, which is entrusted by the People's Court of Yinhai District, Beihai City

[5] Chen Xueping. 2019. Under the perspective of multi -center governance perspective, the analysis of the environmental governance model of Hepu Shatian Port.

Author: a man is wandering

Edit: Mai Mai

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