"Perspective Club · Ecological Supervision" multiple measures to protect the wetland

There are three major ecosystems on the earth, forests, oceans and wetlands. Among them, wetland is called "the kidney of the earth". In order to make the protection of wetland rely on, the Wetland Protection Law of the People's Republic of China has been officially implemented from June 1. This is the first time in my country to carry out legislative protection for the wetland ecosystem, which will lead the wetland protection work to fully enter the track of rule of law.

From the city of Jiamusi, Heilongjiang Province, drove to the northeast. After crossing the city of Fujin City, he quickly entered the vast Sanjiang Plain reclamation area.

Sanjiang, once lived due to wetlands. There are three major ecosystems on the earth, forests, oceans and wetlands. Among them, wetland is called "the kidney of the earth". According to official statistics, 46 important wetlands in the country have been established nationwide, 8 of which are distributed in Heilongjiang Province, but wetland protection is still facing a severe situation.

Photography/Guo Yan

The wetland management departments and grass -roots protected areas that are interviewed believe that my country's wetland resources are facing severe degradation and the protection situation is extremely severe. Among them, the lack of laws of the national wetland protection, economic and social development and wetland protection for a long time have become the wetland ecological protection. The main obstacles.

In Heilongjiang Province with the largest wetland area, a reporter from "Well -off" magazine and China Well -off network found that some wetlands were severely damaged, and the negative effects of wetland area atrophy and functional degradation are emerging.

In order to make the protection of wetlands, the Wetland Protection Law of the People's Republic of China was officially implemented on June 1. This is the first time in my country to carry out legislative protection for the wetland ecosystem, which will lead the wetland protection work to fully enter the track of rule of law.

Wetland protection is an important part of the construction of ecological civilization. How to protect wetlands is an important issue in front of local governments.

Wetland illegal reclamation has repeatedly occurred

It is understandable that if the wetland was helpless or ignorant due to the construction of Beida warehouse at the beginning, it can be understood, and in the later period, especially in the past ten years, the behavior of destroying wetlands can only make people stunned.

There is a reed farm wetland in Luobei County, Hegang City, Heilongjiang Province, which is an important part of Sanjiang Wetland. As of 1982, there were still 9,700 hectares of Weiyan Wetland, which was once reclaimed with 7,000 hectares. The behavior of destroying wetlands was strongly opposed by the local people.

Earlier, the Luobei County Government published the album "Golden Hope", which described this: "The reed field community is located in the left bank of the lower reaches of the Du Du River in the south of Luobei County. There is no population in the district, with a total area of ​​115,000 mu. Concentrated joint films are a treasure land for agriculture. Since there are no water conservancy projects in the area, they have accumulated floods for many years and have not been reclaimed. After the development of the reed area, 100,000 acres of land have all realized Fang Tianhua, and the new production capacity is 3037.5. 10,000 kilograms, the new output value is 32.55 million yuan, and the annual net benefits are 24 million yuan. "For such rhetoric, local residents told the" well -off "magazine and China Well -off.

For relevant leaders and relevant staff who continue to destroy wetlands, local villagers are filled with indignation. The village committees and villagers of Longxing Village, Hongxing Village, and Recean Village have jointly written the State Council of the State Council to protect the wetland.

Without the wetland of water, lying on the silent land as dead. Wetlands without water, naturally there are no fish and birds.

When Qiqihar City declared Zelong Nature Reserve, its wetland area was equivalent to the reed field, but its types of treasure poultry did not have many reed fields. Many years later, when Zhalong was famous at home and abroad because of the crane, he claimed to be "Hegang", but there was no crane's home. They are sometimes hovering in the air and eventually fly away.

According to the survey, even in the 1970s when the wetland suffered severe damage, there were still national types of national first -centered cranes, red -faced cranes, black swans, etc., as well as two or three types of treasures and bean geese.

The wetland was destroyed, not only the homes of birds and other wild animals, but also directly affected and even threatened the lives and survival of the villagers. Liang Huairen, a villager of Weiyu Village, said: "Because the water in the wetland is drained, the groundwater level is now severely decreased. The ground drought is drought.

The Mingshui County Wetland Nature Reserve of Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province is a national -level -level -level -protected animal habitat. It belongs to the inland wetland and waters ecosystem type nature reserves. The total area of ​​the protected area is 30.84 million hectares, all of which are swamp wetlands. In 2013, the State Council was approved to be promoted to a national nature reserve. It is difficult to believe that in the depths of this inaccessible wetland, there are tens of thousands of acres of cultivated land.

Mingshui County Wetland Reserve is located in the north of the Songnen Plain, connecting it with the Zhalong National Nature Reserve. The total area of ​​the protected area is 750,000 mu, which is divided into three parts: core area, buffer area and experimental area. Among them, the core area is 11960 hectares, 8,730 hectares of the buffer area, and 10,150 hectares of the experimental area.

According to Article 17 of the Administrative Measures for the Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province, neither the core area nor the buffer area cannot engage in affected production and operation activities. It is banned by reclamation, cutting, grazing, hunting, fishing, etc.

However, a large area of ​​cultivated land has been reclaimed in the protected area. There are no smoke around the houses, and the grassland is no longer around, but the boundless cultivated land. According to a local insider, the arable land in the protected area was contracted by local residents.

In the Mingshui County Wetland Reserve, such a clear violation of the law had previously disclosed this, which brought a lot of shocks to the local government. The Heilongjiang Provincial Forestry Department also launched an investigation team. The survey results show that there are more than 20,000 acres of arable land in the wetland reserves. The investigation team requested that Mingshui County immediately organized the Forestry Bureau, the Animal Animal Husbandry Bureau and other relevant departments to carry out the cultivation of farming and repayment.

According to people familiar with the matter, the reclamation of wetlands and grasslands has been very common in Heilongjiang Province. Except for Mingshui County, Suihua City, other wetlands have such problems, and they are quite serious. Public information shows that in 2004, more than 20 cases of illegal reclamation cases filed by Sanjiang Nature Reserve in Fuyuan County alone were involved in about 4,361 acres of wetlands. Local insiders told reporters that at that time, the reason why the phenomenon of destruction of wasteland and destroying wetlands was caused by rising grain prices and increasing land income.

Protect the wetland sharing ecological civilization

In recent years, Heilongjiang Province has strengthened the protection of wetland from various aspects such as system construction, management system, protection form, and protection mechanism, and has achieved remarkable results. In the country's first promulgation of the "Heilongjiang Wetland Protection Regulations", it has created the precedent of my country's wetland protection legislation. A total of 2,448 wetland plaques in 5.56 million hectares of wetlands in the province were included in the management of Wetland List in Heilongjiang Province. The "Implementation Plan for Wetland Protection and Repairing in Heilongjiang Province" was formulated, and the long -term mechanism of the first international important wetland ecological water replenishment mechanism was established in my country.

After several years of scientific protection and management, the ecological environment of Fujin City, Heilongjiang Province has been comprehensively improved, and the green sea ripples are beautiful. Photography/Guo Yan

Since the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan", Heilongjiang Province has obtained nearly 500 million yuan in financial funds in the central government, and has implemented a compensation project of wetland protection, returning farmland, and ecological benefits. From 2016 to 2019, a total of 54 million yuan in provincial financial funds formed a demonstration system for wetland protection projects.

Heilongjiang Province is one of the most abundant wetland resources in the country, accounting for one -eighth of the nation's wetland. Rare water poultry such as Daniel Cranes and Oriental White Boarding has been inhabited here. The Sanjiang Plain, Songnen Plain, and Xing'an Ridge have jointly built a unique "ecological kingdom".

In the summer, the 38.5 square kilometers of Hulan River Wetland Park became the preferred destination for the outskirts of Harbin, which received 1 million tourists every year. It not only adds a beautiful landscape to the suburbs, but also adds a natural protection screen to ecological restoration, but also becomes the place of the 2016 and 2017 F1 motorboat World Championships. Today, it integrates a number of golden signs such as one of the largest urban wetland in the country, a national wetland park, a national 4A -level tourist attraction, a national ecological tourism demonstration zone, and a national water conservancy scenic area. It is hard to imagine that it was a desolate beach.

The gorgeous transformation of the Hulan River Wetland is just a microcosm of the wetland protection management of Heilongjiang Province. Today's land of Longjiang, many wetlands show the wonderful picture of people's harmony with nature.

The reporter learned that as early as March 2016, Heilongjiang Province launched the preparation of the "Heilongjiang Wetland Protection Plan (2016-2020)". Nine wetland protection communities are included in the wetland protection system.

Up to now, Heilongjiang Province has 9 internationally important wetlands and 109 wetland type nature reserves, including 21 national levels and 54 provincial levels; 78 wetland parks, including 63 national wetland parks and 14 provincial wetland parks ; Wetland Protection Community 11. The country's largest provincial wetland protection management system has been formed; the long -term hydration mechanism of Zhalong International's important wetland has been established, and the wetland rate and wetland protection rate are included in the province's local economic and social development index assessment system, the green development index system of Heilongjiang Province and Heilongjiang River Provincial ecological civilization construction assessment target system.

While implementing the project of refund and wetting projects, some protected areas pay attention to the combination of ecological and economic benefits. The Dajiahe River Reserve Plant Wetland Plants Plant Mochu in the implementation of a wet and wet projects to form a high -quality honey source, promote the development of county economic development, and actively explorate the wetland rational use of the wetland, so that the trend of wetland plaques crushed is curbed. Primitive wetland vegetation has gradually recovered, and wetland biodiversity has increased. At the same time, human activities in the protected area are reduced to provide safety guarantees for bird reproduction and habitats.

At present, Heilongjiang Province has the Fujin National Wetland Park and Hadong River Wetland Nature Reserve on the basis of returning farmland and wetness; Ringoma National Nature Reserve; Dajia River Honey Source Plant Project, Dajiahe Honey Source Plant Project of Wetland in Wetland Blocks, Pilot River Planting Projects, Suibin Liu Liu Biomass Energy Projects, Yi'an Chinese Herbal Planting Projects in the pilot pilot pilot of the demonstration pilot Obtain staged progress; implement the wetland ecological benefit compensation work with the reserved fixed plot as a bird feeding mode, manually feed the birds in the spring, and entrust the Chinese Academy of Sciences Northeast Geography and Agricultural Ecological Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecological Ecology. The quantitative monitoring of the food loss of the block, compensation for losses to farmers based on the monitoring data results, protecting the safe Xingkai Lake wetland of the bird migration channel, and the successful implementation of the dragon and other important wetlands ... The province uses engineering projects as a means to effectively carry out wetland repair. During the interview, the reporter saw that after several years of scientific protection and management, the ecological environment of Fujin City, Heilongjiang Province has been comprehensively improved, and the green sea ripples are beautiful. Fujin National Wetland Park was founded in 2008. It was approved as a national wetland park pilot in 2009. In 2013, it was officially approved as "National Wetland Park". The overall planning area of ​​Fujin National Wetland Park is 2,200 hectares, which is a swamp type wetland. There are as many as 290 herbaceous plants such as reeds and water lilies. There are 270 vertebrates living in the park, many of which are national key protection animals.

Wetland plays a pivotal role in purifying water bodies, maintaining ecological balance, and slowing climate change. The wetland ecosystem is a habitat for birds, fish, and amphibious wildlife. In recent years, with the comprehensive strengthening of ecological environmental protection and the gradual deepening of people's awareness of wetland ecological functions, wetland protection and recovery have begun to become a consensus, and various regions of Heilongjiang Basin are also actively trying to explore different protection models. One fact is that the Sanjiang Plain wetland is protected by rescue, and the return of farmland is also one of the important measures.

Wetland protection legislation at the time

Relevant statistics show that from 2014 to 2020, Heilongjiang Province has cumulatively retired and wet 490,900 mu, accounting for 30.02%of the country. By returning farming and wetness, it not only effectively expands the wetland area, but also expands the habitat and reproduction of endangered rare wild animals.

However, although in the past 20 years, Heilongjiang Province has spent strong energy in wetland protection and construction, but still faces many difficulties and problems.

In 2003, Heilongjiang Province issued the first local regulations for protecting wetland resources in the country, creating a precedent for local wetland legislation in my country. However, in accordance with the regulations of the wetland protection regulations, the protective wetland must be a region identified by the Wetland Commission. It has not been certified wetland. Although it is also wetland, it is not protected by wetland law.

"There is no law as a strong backing. When encountering the behavior of developing wetlands in violation of regulations, some have no basis, and some punishment is not enough." The relevant person in charge of the Zhalong Nature Reserve Management Bureau said that once violations occur, he will ask the responsible person to recover Original appearance. "But it is easy to recover! It only takes a few hours to destroy one acre of wetland, but it takes decades or even hundreds of thousands of years to restore the original ecology!"

In recent years, my country has vigorously promoted the protection and restoration of wetland, and 28 provinces have issued provincial wetland protection regulations or rules. As of the end of 2021, my country has built 64 important international wetlands, 29 important national wetlands, and 899 national wetland parks to initially establish a wetland protection system. But at the same time, with the rapid economic development, the contradictions in protection and use are increasingly prominent. "Wetland suffers from illegal occupation, reclamation, pollution and other phenomena, and the protection situation is still severe." Wu Zhimin, director of the Wetland Management Department of the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau, said.

Li Yanyan, a professor of environmental law at the Law School of Heilongjiang University, said that the lag and lag of wetland certification brings certain difficulties to law enforcement, and the speed of protection in some regions cannot keep up with the speed of destruction. "Generally, the wetland certification committee is certified by the wetland. It is not that there is no identification outside the protected area. In fact, if the management in the protected area is managed, it also uses the laws and regulations of the nature reserve. Sanjiang wetland uses forest law, otherwise it is administrative law punishment. This reflects the paleness of protection and legal aspects. "

Yu Hongxian, an expert in Wetland Research from Northeast Forestry University, said that wetland protection involves many departments such as forestry, agriculture, and environmental protection. It is the most land type involving the management department. Wetland protection laws and regulations have become the weakness of wetland protection. This weakness allows relevant protection departments to rely on moral persuasion during the law enforcement process, and sometimes even encounter the situation of the people resist law enforcement.

In order to strengthen the protection and restoration of wetland, the draft wetland protection law was first submitted to the National People's Congress Meeting on January 20, 2021. This is the first time that my country has legislative on wetland protection. The draft stipulates wetland management, wetland protection, wetland repair, inspection and supervision, and legal responsibility. Starting from the overall and systemicity of the wetland ecosystem, a complete wetland protection legal system is established, so that wetland protection is moving towards the road of legalization.

my country's first "Wetland Protection Law" has been implemented from June 1, with a total of 7 chapters and 65. Based on the overall protection and restoration of the wetland ecosystem, the "four beams and eight pillars" designed by the top -level wetland protection management are established. Wetland protection and restoration work "escort" and promote high -quality development of wetland protection. The above experts believe that the introduction of the Wetland Protection Law has filled the legislative gap in my country's ecosystem and is an important measure to improve the system of the ecological civilization system in my country. As the basic and leading laws in the field of wetland protection, the terms and system design of the "Wetland Protection Law" focus on the protection and repair of important wetlands, and the protection of general wetlands is mostly principled. The "Wetland Protection Law" establishes the principles of "priority, strict management, systematic governance, scientific repair, and reasonable use", and establishes a legal system covering a comprehensive, coordinated system, and complete functional wetland protection. Deliven.

Author: "Well -off" · China Well -off reporter Guo Yan Heilongjiang Jiamusi Report

Edit: Liu Yanhua

School pair: Li Xuying

Review: Gong Zimo

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