How to diagnose children's hypertension?Do I need to take medicine for life?

Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in my country. With the improvement of living standards and the increase in the incidence of children's obesity, the prevalence of children's hypertension has also risen.

Studies have shown that the hypertension of the child's period can continue to the adult period, and the long -term continuous high blood pressure will cause serious damage to the child's heart, brain, kidney and other important organs. When 30%to 40%of children with hypertension are first consultations, there are already damage to clinical target organs of hypertension. Therefore, children's hypertension is a health problem that cannot be ignored.

What are the manifestations of children's hypertension

Children's hypertension is divided into secondary hypertension and primary hypertension. Among them, children's secondary hypertension is the most common, which can reach 80%, which is more common in infants and young children. Children's primary hypertension is related to comprehensive factors such as genetic, living habits, eating habits, and obesity, which is more common in young people.

Symptoms of children's hypertension are often not typical and lack specific performance. Because infants and young children do not express, when their blood pressure rises suddenly, it often appears as irritable and crying at night, and some of them are only manifested as feeding difficulties, slow growth and development, and they are easily diagnosed as other diseases such as indigestion. The primary hypertension of the elderly is more common, and the blood pressure is not significant. Generally, there are no obvious symptoms. Most of them are found during physical examinations and are easily ignored.

When blood pressure rises significantly, children usually have symptoms such as headache, dizziness, dazzling, nausea, and vomiting. When the blood pressure rises sharply, there may also be crisis such as acute left heart failure, hypertensive encephalopathy, and acute renal failure. Essence It is recommended that children over 3 years old have a physical examination of blood pressure every year for early detection and early treatment.

How to diagnose children's hypertension

Children are in the period of rapid growth and development of physical fitness, and blood pressure is affected by factors such as age, gender, weight, and height. At present, most of the percentage methods are used to define children's blood pressure standards. Family monitoring blood pressure can be roughly judged according to the simple formula, the systolic blood pressure (millimeter mercury) of boys aged 3 to 17 years old, age × 2+100, girl's systolic blood pressure (millimeter Hg) = age × 1.5+100, men and girls relaxing pressure pressure pressure (Millimeter mercury) are 65+ age. The blood pressure of school -age children should not exceed 120/80 mm Hg.

The accuracy of blood pressure measurement is affected by various factors, including measuring blood pressure time, environmental temperature, length and width of blood pressure meter cuff bands, physical activity, emotion, etc. Occasionally, the blood pressure value is too high, and you don't have to be too nervous. You can restart the measurement after a quiet rest, and regularly measure multiple measurement. When the blood pressure is measured on the same day, more than 3 times or 3 times, and the blood pressure is higher than normal, the possibility of hypertension can be considered. It cannot be concluded that the hasty rate can be made with a measuring rate alone.

When the blood pressure is measured at home or at home or at the school physical examination, parents should not be too nervous or blindly using the medicine. Instead, they should take their children to a specialist hospital for examination to clarify the cause of blood pressure. Essence

Do you need to take medicine for life

Children's hypertension requires standardized examination and treatment. During the treatment, some children will inevitably take antihypertensive drugs. Parents may worry that children are in the growth and development period. Will long -term medication affect physical development?

In fact, the current antihypertensive drugs selected by pediatrics are safe and effective, and taking the doctor's instructions will not affect the growth and development of children. Parents can relax. In addition, long -term high blood pressure will affect children's growth and development. Many parents are more concerned about how to prevent children's hypertension and keep their children away from the harm caused by hypertension.

The treatment of children's hypertension is different from adults. Children's secondary hypertension is preferred. For children's primary hypertension, such as the child's blood pressure is still at a level 1 level and no target organs damage, the first choice of adjusting life and eating habits and allowing children to perform appropriate aerobic exercise. If the changes in diet and living habits continue for half a year, choose drug treatment.

The principle of pediatric medication is to start with small doses and single medication, and adjust the amount of medication, change the medicine or add another drug according to the children's blood pressure control. Aiming at the pathological changes of adolescent hypertension, whether there are complications, and the pharmacological effects of antihypertensive drugs, the treatment of children's hypertension in clinical practice is gradually adopting an individualized administration plan. It should be noted that parents with hypertension do not use their own experience and medicine to treat their children to avoid accidents.

Different cure rates for children's hypertension. For children's primary hypertension, if it is treated with a rational treatment in children, many children can control blood pressure at the ideal level and gradually stop the drug. This is different from adults who need to take medicine for life.

Is there a way to prevent?

The current research believes that primary hypertension is the result of a multi -gene genetic disease, that is, the result of the comprehensive role of genetic and environmental factors. There is no clear genetic method, but it is manifested as a cluster of the family. There are relationships. Among them, obesity is the risk factor with the highest correlation, 30%to 40%of primary hypertension children with obesity; other risk factors include the history of parents' hypertension, low birth weight, premature birth, excessive salt intake, insufficient sleep, insufficient sleep And lack of physical activity.

Therefore, the prevention of children's primary hypertension focuses on "hold your mouth and open your legs" in the family as a unit. Parents are the best examples of children, controlling obesity, balanced diet, and appropriate exercise to keep high blood pressure away from the child.

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The basic examination items for children's hypertension diagnosis include the following: ▶ 24 -hour dynamic blood pressure monitoring can clarify the time period of increased blood pressure."Blood pressure", that is, the blood pressure in the clinic is high, usually not high.

▶ Blood and urine examination can evaluate kidney function.

▶ Heart, kidney, and vascular ultrasound can specify whether there are cardiovascular and renal vascular diseases.

▶ The skull CT or nuclear magnetic examination can clarify whether there are neurological diseases, and through these examinations, it can also evaluate whether the target organs such as heart, brain, and kidney can occur.

▶ Endocrine hormone examination can clarify whether there are endocrine system diseases.

Source: "Student Health News"

Author: Shilin Lin Yao, Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Institute of Capital Pediatrics

Review: National Health Science Popularization Expert Library Expert

Professor Dai Yaohua of the Institute of Capital Pediatrics

Planning: Yu Yunxi Tanjia

Edit: Mu Huanyu

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