Qian Zhongshu: "Falling Sun Following Gold -Gold and Silver Art Articles"

Qian Zhongshu

Graduated from the Urban Sculpture of China Academy of Fine Arts

Painting works have been collected in ancient Chinese gold jewelry collectors in the National Art Museum of Japan

Founded Lionji Classical Jewelry Brand

Chief designer of Lion Kee Classical Jewelry Studio

Special contributors of major domestic collections magazines

Ancient gold jewelry collections were exhibited in the Zhejiang Museum "Gold Luxury and Silver" Gold and Silver Wares Exhibition

Ancient Southern Song Dynasty gold and silver jewelry utensils collected from the Hangzhou Guanyao Museum "Lintian One Day" Hangzhou Southern Song Insuters Exhibition

Jewelry works participating in the exhibition "fine. God. God" G20 Hangzhou contemporary artist and designer work exhibition

The first Oriental classical jewelry and jewelry designer was invited to board the Dasdaq on the New York

The first Chinese ancient style jewelry designer to appear on "Fashion Bazaar" and "Bazaar Jewelry" magazine

Jewelry works on Poly Hong Kong auction. Jewelry works on the European Oriental Art Tour (Paris City Hall, Oliang City Hall, and Fengdan White Lu Palace)

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"Flowing Sun Following Gold -Gold and Silver Art Articles of the Yuan Dynasty"

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Qian Zhongshu

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Many gold and silver artisans of the Yuan Dynasty may be the gold and silver craftsmen in the Southern Song Dynasty. Therefore, in the early Yuan Dynasty, especially in the early Yuan Dynasty, the production style of gold and silver in the Southern Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty was almost consistent. It is not surprising.

The Golden and Silver Manufacturing Industry of the Yuan Dynasty is more commercialized. At that time, gold and silver wares were no longer the private products of the royal court and the princes of the princes, wealthy businessmen, and rich civilian families. So in the Yuan Dynasty. The style of gold and silverware has become more secular, and the materials are more widely used.

Yuan Dynasty Butterfly Love Large Gold Gold earrings 1

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Yuan Dynasty Butterfly Love Large Gold Gold earrings 2

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The gold and silver wares of the Yuan Dynasty were basically used in the Southern Song Dynasty. The three -dimensional handmade hammer is the main, but the edges and corners of some utensils are more abrupt, and round sculptures and high relief techniques are commonly used.

Yuan Dynasty Phoenix Golden 金 1

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The inscriptions and models of the producers are often seen on the gold and silverware of the Yuan Dynasty, and some inscriptions are even Basbawen.

During this period, the masterpieces of the southern gold and silver instruments were mainly based on a large number of gold and silver instruments unearthed from Hunan, while Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui and other places also had many tombs or cellars. It is also a good manifestation of the big appearance of the Yuan Dynasty and silver instruments. For example, a group of gold and silverware unearthed from the Qianyu Tomb of the Qianyu Tomb of the southern suburbs of Wuxi, Jiangsu, and the Golden Silver Ware Cellar unearthed from Hefei, Anhui. Typical device in gold and silverware.

Yuan Dynasty gold inlaid green pine fried beads full silk corolla decoration

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During this period, the Yuan Dynasty northern gold and silverware was even more atmospheric. It is not restricted to the details of the gold and silverware, and it values ​​the charm of the utensil itself. There is an additional majesty and freeness of the northern grassland.

The north -south differences produced by this in the Yuan Dynasty became smaller and smaller due to the process of integration of national and Mongolian and Chinese culture in the middle and late Yuan Dynasty due to the integration of ethnic and Mongolian and Han culture.

The Yuan Dynasty Golden Mo Shin 1

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Golden 鸳 2 in the Yuan Dynasty 2

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The author noticed that there is a phenomenon that is very special: the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the technology of making gold and silver instruments, the filament inlaid popular since the war of the war, the technique of welding gold beads is almost invisible, and some are basically local gold and silver gold and silver The production process, but in the Yuan Dynasty, this strange craftsmanship appeared again in the production of gold and silver in the Yuan Dynasty, especially in the Yuan Dynasty's gold and silver jewelry.

And the gold and silver artisans from north and south can be skilled in this process from Central Asia. In the early Ming Dynasty, this process disappeared again. Is there a direct connection with the changes of the ruler and the change of land and territory, or is it related to the changes in social art aesthetics and the change of trade objects? It is also worth studying by scholars.

Yuan Dynasty litchi pattern gold earrings

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Because the ruling class of the Yuan Dynasty was nomadic people in the northern northern nomads, in addition to the traditional jewelry used by the traditional Southern Song Dynasty, some jewelry utensils unique to the grassland horse back culture also appeared. For example, various wines and horses and horses.

In addition, the proportion of gold and silver in the Yuan Dynasty has increased compared to the Song Dynasty, such as bottles, boxes, bottles, 奁, and frames. However, as far as utensils are concerned, most of them are silver, and pure gold utensils are relatively rare. Some gold and silver wares in the Yuan Dynasty, especially the southern Yuan Dynasty gold and silverware, showed a trend that paid more attention to decoration.

Yuan Dynasty dragon pattern wearing 1

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This trend has a very important impact on the transformation and development of the style of gold and silver in the Yuan and silverware. On the whole, the production of gold and silver in the Yuan Dynasty and the various traditional handicraft production in my country have reached the highest peak of history. Due to urbanization due to urbanization The continued development of marketization and the continuous surge in demand for gold and silver. During this period, gold and silver in various places were very prosperous. It is worth mentioning that from the Song and Yuan Dynasties, especially in the Yuan Dynasty, there was a gold in the Yuan Dynasty. The significant increase in silverware has become a major feature of gold and silver instruments in the Yuan Dynasty. Many of them are engraved or knocked on the famous models of manufacturing craftsmen or manufacturing shops. Panel "inscription," Zhun Gui "model," Zhang Zhongying "and so on.

This is just like the so -called "famous brand" when we shop. To some extent, the process of making technology of gold and silver in the Song and Yuan dynasties tends to be folk. It also shows how huge demand and use of gold and silverware in the Yuan Dynasty. Because the gold and silverware of the Yuan Dynasty generally had the style of making craftsmen, this also allowed us to have the opportunity to understand the gold and silver artisans at the time, such as Zhu Bishan, Wen Xuan, Zhang Zhongying, Xie Junyu, etc. Yuan Dynasty silver belt buckle

The themes of the gold and silverware of the Yuan Dynasty are quite wide, and the decorations of some opera themes have gradually joined more. This is related to the unprecedented prosperity of the opera culture of the Yuan Dynasty.

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In terms of decoration, the Yuan people also lasted the tradition of the Song people with auspicious patterns, and through their own aesthetics, with successful innovation, for example, the Yuan Dynasty Ruyi Yunjie Golden Plate collected by the Nanjing Museum is a good example: the gold plate 1959 1959 In the year, the Tomb of Yuan Lu Shi Meng, Wu County, Jiangsu unearthed.

The golden plate is composed of four Ruyi Monteric patterns, and it is raised by hammer, and then a fine -grained peony pattern is used in the blank space. The outsole "Wen Xuan created" knowledge. The mixed use of hammer and carved engraving, the overall atmosphere is magnificent, the details are exquisite and full. They have a strong visual impact on the plane vision and three -dimensional sense. type.

Yinhai East of the Yuan Dynasty to catch the wild geese with buckle

During the Yuan Dynasty, the inlaid made by gold and silver wares was basically followed by the materials of the Song Dynasty. It was not until the middle of the Ming Dynasty that the gold and silver inlay process gradually became diversified. Rare gems such as tourmaline and cat eyes have increasingly appeared in the inlaid of jewelry or utensils. In addition to the changes in social aesthetics at that time, it also had a lot to do with the changes in the trade channels and channels of the two dynasties.

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Yuan Dynasty Silver Doubles Peony Pattern

In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, because the producer of the gold and silverware producers of the Ming Dynasty brought the hammer technology to the extreme, because the Ming people admired the three -dimensional gold and silverware production art effect, the relatively plane gold and silver manufacturing process of the Yuan Dynasty could no longer fully meet the society at that time. During the aesthetics and innovation, the gold and silverware of the Ming Dynasty had a complete independent gold and silver tool production technology and level.

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Yuan Dynasty Character Gold "Heart" earrings 1

Yuan Dynasty Character Gold "Heart" earrings 2

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Yuan Dynasty Character Gold "Heart" earrings 3

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The author believes that our research on the gold and silver wares of the Yuan Dynasty is still very incomplete, and sometimes even more subjective. For example, due to the short period of rule of the Yuan Dynasty, many scholars believe that compared with the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty. There are not many gold and silverware.

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However, from the perspective of literature materials and recent unearthed materials, in fact, the gold and silver instruments of the Yuan Dynasty are not uncommon. There are even considerable amounts of unearthed, and a large part of it is preserved through the cellar. The physical information unearthed is rich and the appearance is quite complete.

Because some gold and silver instruments of the Yuan Dynasty were broken as the Song Dynasty, some scholars believed that the gold and silverware products of the Yuan Dynasty were more "optical". In fact, it is also not true. From many archeological discoveries and unearthed records, many gold and silver products in the Yuan Dynasty were as dazzling as the Song Dynasty gold and silver device products. For example, the silverware unearthed from Zhang Shicheng's mother's tomb, and the silver fairy of the famous gold and silver production master Zhu Bishan in the Yuan Dynasty, all are amazing.

Yuan Dynasty Golden Bad Flower Tattoo 1

(To be continued)

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This article has been authorized by the author (attached to the private collector collection)

This article was published in "Favorite/Auction" magazine, 2015, No. 10

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