Expert interpretation 丨 Accelerate the establishment of a unified and standardized carbon emissions statistics and accounting system to support the "dual carbon" target with high quality data to achieve

The calculation of carbon emissions statistics is an important basic work that provides the necessary data basis for scientific formulation of national policies, evaluation and evaluation work, and participating in international negotiation and performance. The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on complete and accurately implement the new development concept to do a good job of doing a good job of carbon and carbon and carbon neutralize the work" and the "Carbon Peak Action Plan before 2030" proposed to establish a unified and standardized carbon emissions statistics and accounting system. In order to implement the deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Bureau of Statistics, and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the "Implementation Plan on Accelerating the establishment of a unified and standardized carbon emission statistical and accounting system" (hereinafter referred to as the "Implementation Plan"), and the system deployment in my country Key tasks of the construction of carbon emissions statistics accounting system. A foundation foundation for carbon emission statistics in my country is to meet the international performance requirements of climate change and support the realization of the goal of controlling greenhouse gas emissions in my country. Get positive results. The first is to regularly prepare a list of greenhouse gases to provide basic guarantees for my country's completion of various performance tasks. Since 2000, in order to do a good job of responding to climate change, my country has initially established a working system and technical method system for the preparation of the national greenhouse gas list. With the approval of the State Council, my country submitted 5 national performance reports to the "Framework of Climate Change" (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention") in the name of the Chinese government in the name of the Chinese government in 2004, 2017 and 2019 respectively, including 1994, 2005, 20110, and 20110, and 2011. The national greenhouse gas list 2012 and 2014. The latest national list covers energy activity, industrial production process, agricultural activities, land utilization, land use changes and forestry (Lulucf), and waste treatment of greenhouse gas emissions and absorption. , Hydrofluoro carbides, full fluoride carbides, hexarin sulfide and other 6 types of gas. The national list preparation follows the international traffic rules and meets the requirements of the Convention on the Convention. The basic parameters mainly come from official statistics and special investigations and measurements. my country's performance report has accepted many international consultations and analysis organized by the Secretariat of the Convention, and the quality of the list has been recognized by international experts. The second is to form a carbon emissions intensity index accounting release mechanism to provide strong support for achieving the national independent contribution goals. From the "Twelfth Five -Year Plan" period, my country has gradually established and improved the statistical indicator system and the basic statistical system of greenhouse gas emissions. According to the national and provincial (autonomous regions, municipalities) varieties of energy consumption and its corresponding emissions factors to carry out carbon emissions intensity accounting work, the accounting results are the national performance reports, and the progress of national and local carbon emission strength control targets Wait for work to guarantee. In addition, my country has also issued a guidelines for the preparation of provincial greenhouse gas list to carry out list preparation training for localities, and organized 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) to carry out the preparation of list preparation and list quality joint review in 2005, 20110, 2014 and 2014. At present Some regions have achieved continuous list preparation. The third is to establish a system of carbon emissions reporting reports in key industries, laying a solid foundation for the start of the national carbon emission right trading market. Rewarding 24 industry corporate greenhouse gas emissions accounting methods and report guidelines one after another, 11 of which have been transformed into national standards, issued and revised power generation facilities accounting guidelines, organized electricity, steel, cement and other key emission industry companies in 2013-2021 carbon carbon in 2013-2021 Emile accounting report work. Twelve batches of carbon reduction accounting methods have been registered in 12 batches, and more than 1,300 greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction project registration has been supported. In order to improve the quality of data, the above -mentioned key emission industries (including more than 2,000 thermal power companies included in the country's carbon market) carbon emission reports and the emission reduction of voluntary emission reduction projects of greenhouse gas have been verified by third -party institutions. In addition, some areas and institutions have released local standards and group standards for carbon footprints for product carbon footprints, which standardize corporate carbon footprint accounting. Fourth, the talent team and support platform have been initially established to improve the injection momentum for my country's ability to respond to climate change. During the preparation of the list of national lists, my country has established a national list preparation team composed of competent departments and relevant research institutions to undertake research and technical support in responding to climate change domestic performance and list preparation. By carrying out the capacity building of multiple rounds of local lists, the preparation and joint trial of the provincial list of provincial -level lists have been organized, and a number of local list preparation management and technical personnel have been trained. By organizing and carrying out the verification of carbon emission data accounting reports of key emission units, it has improved the level of verification and supervision of corporate carbon accounting and supporting support. Through the implementation of the "Kyoto Protocol" clean development mechanism (CDM) and the voluntary emission reduction transaction mechanism of greenhouse gas, a number of professional emission reduction project carbon accounting consulting institutions were cultivated. my country has also established a carbon emission data submission system and a national greenhouse gas list database, which uses information to support the submission, accounting, review and analysis and management of carbon emission data. Second, under the new situation at home and abroad, the domestic and foreign situation at home and abroad, the domestic "dual carbon" goals and other response to climate change, and the transparency framework of the "Paris Agreement" of the transparency framework of the carbon emission statistical accounting data Consistency, comparability and transparency are raised.

From the perspective of supply chain and life cycle perspective, large multinational companies have an inverted effect on product carbon accounting. The original carbon emission statistical accounting system faces multiple challenges. It is urgent to adhere to the problem orientation and improve it as soon as possible. The first is to further straighten out the working mechanism of carbon emissions statistics. The "Implementation Plan" clarified key tasks such as the national and local, industry enterprises, product carbon accounting, and national greenhouse gas list preparation during the "14th Five -Year Plan" period. Coordination, strict data management, and strengthening of the application of results. The "Implementation Plan" combines the foundation foundation in my country, and detailed the division of responsibilities of various departments in different links, which is conducive to strengthening the unified leadership of carbon emissions statistics and the joint efforts of departments to ensure that the carbon accounting data of different levels of carbon is smooth. Connect. The second is to promote the normalization of the national greenhouse gas list and regular update. Based on my country's basic statistical data, referring to the experience of developed countries, the national list of time -effectiveness is gradually implemented by the development of developed countries. data. In order to meet the needs of the departments industry's carbon peak work, the list preparation of the carbon -to -peak sector industry is simultaneously explored. Based on the progress of the national list preparation, the provincial -level list guide is updated, and provincial lists are encouraged to compile the provincial list with reference to conditions for conditions. With the continuous enrichment and improvement of enterprise and facilities emission data, its application in the list will gradually expand. At the same time, the connection of the list of carbon accounting data will be made simultaneously with the national and regional carbon accounting data. The third is to further improve the quality of carbon emission data of industry enterprises. Combined with the practical experience of existing enterprises in the industry, we have made a few dimensions such as accuracy, operability, and regulatory costs, to systematically revise enterprises and the standards for the calculation method of facilities and greenhouse gas emissions, and gradually establish and improve the corporate greenhouse gas reporting system. Continuously strengthen the daily supervision of carbon emissions data of industry enterprises, strengthen the inspection of carbon emissions, supervision and management of third -party review and certification agencies, increase the supervision and law enforcement of carbon emission data quality control enterprises, and increase penalties for data fraud. Strong, build the corporate carbon emission data quality cornerstone. Fourth, the carbon emissions accounting of key products in an orderly manner. Product carbon accounting involves product production upstream and downstream, depending on the solid industry carbon accounting and regional list foundation. The "Implementation Plan" clarifies the work rhythm that highlights the key points and the promotion of steps, focuses on raw materials, semi -finished products and finished products focused on key industries, and gradually expands to other industry products and service products. Study and formulate carbon emission accounting methods for key products, promote the introduction of relevant standards, and guide enterprises and third -party institutions to carry out carbon emissions accounting. On the basis of improving the carbon accounting of the product, explore the establishment of the carbon label system, guide consumers to choose low -emission products and services, and force the entire industry chain to reduce emission. Fifth, continuously consolidate the foundation of work. my country will further improve the existing basic statistical system, including adding new statistical indicators, refining statistical classification, and improving the timeliness of relevant statistical work. Strengthen the statistical survey and regular monitoring of the characteristics of the characteristics of key emission sources in my country, combine data from the national carbon market enterprise data, establish my country's official and authoritative emission factors database, provide technical parameters for carbon accounts at different levels, reduce carbon accounting costs and increase accounting accuracy. Build a national integrated management platform for carbon markets, break the data islands, open up the integration of existing data systems, enhance business data sharing, provide strong support for the national carbon market construction, and improve the daily management capabilities and information level of carbon emission data. Explore the application of large -scale and high -precision monitoring methods such as satellite remote sensing, and support research on the development of large temperature room gas concentrations of gas concentration. Accelerating the establishment of a unified and standardized carbon emissions statistics and accounting system is an important means to implement the Party Central Committee and the State Council on carbon -to -peak carbon neutralization and work, and coordinate the implementation of the domestic "dual carbon" goals and international performance work. The release and implementation of the "Implementation Plan" will effectively promote the further improvement of my country's carbon emissions statistics and accounting system. The statistical foundation is more solid, the accounting method is more scientific, the technical means are more advanced, and the accounting data is more comprehensive, scientific and reliable. Author 丨 Ma Cui Mei, Su Mingshan (National Climate Strategy Center)

Supply 丨 Ministry of Ecology and Environment to deal with climate change department

Edit 丨 Qin Chao

Review 丨 Shangyu

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