Li Zhangda: Walking with the Nineteenth Army

Li Zhangda

On January 28, 1932, in the narrative series of Chinese war history, it was a day worthy of a book. In the midnight of this day, the Japanese Marine Corps in Shanghai raid Zhabei in three ways and captured Tiantongzhang Station and Shanghai Train North Station. The Shanghai Army was filled with indignation, and under the command of the commander Jiang Guangzheng and the commander Cai Tingzheng, he struggled to fight against the war, and launched the first shot of the Chinese nation's fight against the Japanese invaders.

This battle was extremely fierce. From January 28 to March 3rd, the total strength of the Japanese army increased to 90,000, 80 warships, and 300 aircraft. The Chinese defenders fought blood in blood, so that the enemy's Sanyi general.

In this sensational battle at home and abroad, a figure always moved around the head of the commander Jiang Guangzheng and the commander Cai Tingzheng to conspire military planes and discuss the enemy's plan. He was Li Zhangda.

I have been with Jiang Guangzheng and Cai Tingyu for many years.

Li Zhangda (1889-1953), the word Nanyi, a native of Dongguan, Guangdong, and the second phase of the Baoding Army Officer School graduated. Li Zhangda and the two generals of the Nineteenth Army Jiang Guangzhang and Cai Tingyi were close friends who had been in friends for many years and worked together with Gan.

He and Jiang Guangyi are fellows, classmates, and comrades. In 1904, Li Zhangda and Jiang Guangyi studied together at Dongguan Normal School. In 1906, he came to Guangzhou together and entered the Huangpu Army Elementary School in Guangdong, becoming a classmate, and then followed Zhu Zhixin to join the China Alliance.

In 1911, Li Zhangda and Jiang Guangzheng participated in the Wuchang Uprising together, and served as the backbone of the Central Corps and Huang Xingwei. In 1912, Li Zhangda and Jiang Guangzheng admitted to the Baoding Army Officer School together. During the study period, the anti -Yuan Shikai restored the "Second Revolution" of the Emperor's system. Li Zhangda and Jiang Guangyi went to Jiangxi in July 1913 to participate in the "Jiangxi Lake Uprising" initiated by Li Liejun. At the end of 1917, Sun Yat -sen formed the Fujian Cantonese Army. Li Zhangda and Jiang Guangzheng voted to the Canton Army Chief of Staff Deng Yan. Li Zhangda served as the commander of the Yingyi of the Yueyi Division. In 1919, Li Zhangda was invited to work at the Shanghai Kuomintang headquarters by Zhu Zhixin, so he went to Shanghai for the time being.

At that time, Sun Yat -sen was planning the founding of the founding of the country, engaging in the founding of the industry, and founding the "Construction" magazine. Li Zhangda lived in Liao Zhongkai's house in Changbin Road, Shanghai, and met with Sun Yat -sen, Zhu Zhixin, and Liao Zhongkai, and listened to Sun Yat -sen's teachings. He did things with Zhu Zhixin and Liao Zhongkai, and the relationship was deep. In this rare day, in addition to working in the "Construction" magazine, he also studied revolutionary theory with Zhu Zhixin and Liao Zhongkai. Sun Yat -sen sent Li Zhang to the investigation of the Soviet Union and Russia to strive to support the Chinese revolution in all aspects.

In 1922, Li Zhangda and Jiang Guangzhang met the Marshal of Sun Yat -sen's Marshal. Li Zhangda served as Major General and Sun Yat -sen's Second Regiment. Jiang Guangxi was attached to the regiment. On June 16, 1922, Ye Rus raised a mutiny. Li Zhangda and Jiang Guangzheng appeared on the Yongfeng ship on June 17 to assist Sun Yat -sen to plan for the specific work of counterattack rebels for 54 days with Sun Yat -sen.

In 1925, Li Zhangda and Cai Tingzhang met, thus began another 28 -year friendship and cooperation. Cai Tingzheng recalled: "In 1925, Yang and Liu rebelledly were surrounded by the Guangdong Army and the students of the Huangpu Military Academy. Li Zhangda and I and Mr. Jiang Guangzheng often met and proposed a lot of revolutionary theories to study."

This year, Li Zhangda served as a member of the Chief of Staff and Liao Zhongkai Case of the Case of the Guardian Command of Guangzhou. He also served as the chairman of the Central Military Law Committee. At the time, Li Zhangda presided over the command of the Guangzhou Weijing Command, and led the left -behind base forces to clean up the bandits and maintain public security. In 1926, Li Zhangda also served as director of the Guangzhou Public Security Bureau and a member of the Military Political Supervision Committee of the National Revolutionary Army Command.

Participate in the Songhu Anti -Japanese War and "Fujian Incident"

In 1932, Li Zhangda invited Jiang Guangzheng and Cai Tingyu to Shanghai to live in Shanghai, lived in Jiang Guangzhang's house, and participated in the "One · 28" Songhu Anti -Japanese War throughout the process. Together with Jiang Guangzhang and Jiang Guangzheng, they analyzed the situation in front of the map and the sand table and planned military planes. Cai Tingzhang wrote in the article "Remembering Friends Li Zhangda": After the "September 18th" incident, the 19th Route Army transferred Beijing and Shanghai Health. We invited him to come to Shanghai to live. The outbreak of the Songhu Anti -Japanese War in Songhu, Li Zhangda assisted the 19th Army.

In October 1932, Song Ziwen sent Lu Wenlan to Hong Kong, found Li Zhangda, and brought a letter from Chiang Kai -shek. The content of the letter has hoped that Li Zhangda will do things. Lu Wenlan said to Li Zhangda: "Chiang Kai -shek plans to commit to Jiang Guangzheng as the chairman of the Fujian Provincial Government, Cai Tingzhang is the director of the Fujian Provincial Appeasement Office, and gives you a member of the Fujian Provincial Government Member and Secretary -General. Eager to answer. He thought for a moment, and finally promised. The reason why he promised this was mainly to consider that most of the Nineteenth Army was in Cantonese colleagues. Many of them were his classmates and old old.

Seeing that Lu Wenlan had persuaded Li Zhangda to come out of the mountain again, the mission had been completed, and he was endless. He immediately said goodbye and went to Wuhan to recover Chiang Kai -shek. Soon, Chiang Kai -shek Electric urged Li Zhangda to go to Hankou to meet. When Li Zhangda arrived in Hankou to see Chiang Kai -shek, Jiang explained to him the personnel arrangement of the Fujian Provincial Government, and then put the list of people in the party, political, and military sectors of Fujian Province, and reported publicly. In January 1933, Li Zhangda left Hong Kong to Fujian and served as a member and secretary -general of the Fujian Provincial Government. At this time, the Japanese troops continued to expand their aggression in China, and the national crisis was becoming increasingly heavy. The Japanese invading army has captured Shanhaiguan, but Chiang Kai -shek not only did not take effective remedial measures, but was busy setting up the "Communist Communist" military operations of Jiangxi. Li Zhangda was very concerned about the domestic anti -Japanese situation in Fujian. He and Jiang Guangzheng, Cai Tingyi and others saw Chiang Kai -shek's actions, and felt very dissatisfied. They have repeatedly called the Kuomintang Central Committee to ask for the battle, asking for led the north to fight against Japan, but they were ignored. Li Zhangda saw difficulty in making a difference, and then faked in Fujian in June 1933 and returned to Hong Kong.

In early November 1933, Li Zhangda entered Fujian at the invitation of Jiang Guangzheng and Cai Tingyu to participate in the "Fujian Incident". During this period, Li Zhangda cooperated closely with the generals of the Nineteenth Army and made advance and retreat, becoming an important promoter of the "Fujian Incident".

Before the operation, Li Zhangda and the generals of the Nineteenth Army were planned and discussed to decide on the one hand to send people to the Soviet Area to contact the Red Army to obtain the support of the CCP; Common. Therefore, he assigned Chen Gongpei to bring Cai Tingzheng a letter to the Red Army with a letter written by the Red Army. He saw the leaders of the Red Third Army Peng Dehuai and Yuan Guoping, expressing their desire to talk, and advocated that the two sides would stop the war to fight against Japan together. Peng Dehuai and others welcomed the welcome. Essence Later, Jiang Guangzheng and Cai Tingyi again sent Xu Minghong and Chen Gongpei to Ruijin in the Soviet Union. They met Mao Zedong, Chairman of the Interim Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic, and Zhu De, commander of the Red Army of Gongnong. After preliminary negotiations, the two parties signed the "Anti -Japanese Preliminary Agreement". After Xu Minghong and Chen Gongpei returned to Fuzhou, the Soviet Central Committee also sent Pan Hannian, Zhang Yunyi and others to enter Fujian to discuss further alliance actions and negotiation materials exchange.

After contacting the Red Army, Li Zhangda became a messenger to communicate with Guangdong and Gui as his special identity. With the joint letter of Jiang Guangzhang and Cai Tingyu, he negotiated with Chen Jitang and Li Zongren from Fujian to Guangzhou and Li Zongren from Fujian to Guangzhou.

During this period, Li Jishen, Chen Mingshu, Huang Qixiang, Xu Qian, Chen Youren, Zhang Wen, Mei Gongbin, and Feng Yuxiang's representative Yu Xinqing and other parties arrived in Fujian. Even Ye Ting, who lives in Macau, came to Fujian at the invitation of Jiang Guangzheng, lived in Jiang Guangzhang's house to help plan, and conspired.

In November 1933, people from all parties gathered at Jiang Guangzhang's residence day to discuss the establishment of the Fujian People's Government. On November 18, Li Zhangda attended an emergency meeting of decision makers to discuss the establishment of the people's government to revise policies, political platforms, and discuss major issues such as military and finance. Li Zhangda proposed to completely break with the Chiang Kai -shek Group, and should publicly announce that he was out of the Kuomintang. This proposal was approved by most decision makers.

On November 21, Li Zhangda personally wrote the Declaration of the Kuomintang and led it to create the people's revolutionary government of the Republic of China with Li Jishen, Chen Mingshu, Jiang Guangzheng, Cai Tingzheng and other people's revolutionary governments. Li Zhangda was selected as a central member.

The "Fujian Incident" failed under the brutal suppression of Chiang Kai -shek Military Group. Although the sensational "Fujian change" failed, Li Zhangda's anti -Japanese heart and anti -Jiang Zhizhi did not decrease slightly. He was indomitable and devoted himself to the fight against the anti -Japanese and anti -Chiang struggle.

Kuomintang left

After the "Fujian Incident" failed, most participants retreated to Hong Kong. The Communist Party of China believes that the Nineteenth Army and Li Jishen, such as the Kuomintang, are the power of anti -Japanese and anti -Chiang. It is a pity to disintegrate it. After Pan Hannian arrived in Hong Kong, he instructed Mei Gongbin to help Li Jishen, Chen Mingshu, Jiang Guangzheng, Cai Tingzheng and other reorganization of anti -Japanese anti -Jiangfeng, strengthen unity, and re -raised. But how to unite? What way to unite? These are things that need to be considered carefully. Mei Gongbin discussed with Li Zhangda and advocated that the establishment of a group was more practical. Li Jishen and others agreed with the establishment of a group. As a result, with the support and promotion of the Communist Party of China, in 1935, Li Zhangda launched the organization of the "Chinese Revolutionary Alliance" with Li Jishen, Chen Mingshu, Jiang Guangzheng, Cai Tingzheng, Mei Gongbin and others in Hong Kong. , Co -Communist. The "Chinese Revolutionary Alliance" also founded the "Popular Daily" of the Organization Daily, as the president of Li Zhangda. "Popular Daily" is very distinctive. It not only has an impact in Hong Kong, but also has many readers in various provinces and Nanyang area in South China, which is popular with the general public.

From May 31st to June 1st, 1936, under the call and leadership of Song Qingling, Shen Junru and others, the National Congress of the National Salvation Association was held in Shanghai. Li Zhangda and others attended the meeting as representatives in South China. At the meeting, the "Salvation of Congress from all walks of life" (referred to as the "Salvation Club") was established, and Li Zhangda was selected as the executive member of the "Save Salvation". Subsequently, Li Zhangda, He Sijing, Chen Rutang, etc. established the "Salvation of the South China District of the National Congress" ("Southern President") in Hong Kong. "Southern President" is a branch of all rescue meetings in South China and is headquartered in Hong Kong. The "Southern President" has a council, consisting of Li Zhangda, He Sixong, Wu Hanyu, Chen Xizhou, Chen Xizhou, Mei Gongbin, etc., as the chairman of Li Zhangda. During that time, Li Zhangda was closely linked to Zhang Wenbin, an important leader of the Communist Party's southern part of the Communist Party. After the outbreak of the Anti -Japanese War, Li Zhangda was appointed as the Pavilion Commander of the Fourth Theater of the Cantonese Area, and the Fourth Theater's Military Law Department Lieutenant General and Director of Military Law Executive Director. Jiang Guangzheng is the deputy commander and chief of staff of the fourth theater, and the two are side by side to fight against Japan.

After 1941, Li Zhangda participated in the organizing alliance of the China Democratic Political Registration.

In June 1949, Li Zhangda was invited to attend the preparatory meeting of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In September of the same year, he was elected as a member of the Central People's Government Committee of the People's Republic of China.

On December 9, 1953, Li Zhangda died in Guangzhou. Before dying, Li Zhangda ordered his family to donate a commemorative private property, No. 5 Xiaodongying, Yuehua Road, Yuehua Road, Guangzhou) to the country. At present, this large house covering an area of ​​more than 500 square meters has become a key cultural relics protection unit in Guangdong Province, and the patriotic education bases in Guangdong and Guangzhou.

When Li Zhangda died, Ye Jianying wrote a poem and remembered the close friend of this side -by -side. His poem said: "Mr. Woohoo, the south of the south; Really praised Xiang. After April Two, strive to fight against Chiang; democracy and independence, always advocating. Anti -Japanese anti -United States, I am Wu Weiyang; insisting on the anti -war, unity is light. Resumption of construction and work in the south; ; Shunde Gao Wind, Later Later Scenery. "

(Pan Mingxuan Pan Xiaokang, the author is Li Zhangda grandson)

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