Wuhan's three centuries of flood prevention in the past century

Mao Zedong was the inscription of the victory of flood resistance in Wuhan in 1954

In 1954, the people of Wuhan's embankment and floods before Wuhan Pass were anti -floods

Wuhan is located at the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Han River. In order to prevent the floods, as early as the four years of Tongzhi (1865) in Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty, Jianghan Pass set up a water level scales (the ruler was English), which was also the beginning of the water level of the Yangtze River in my country. In the twenty -nine years of Qing Daoguang (1849), the rainfall of more than two consecutive months led to "Jianghan Da River became a disaster, the river embankment in Wuchang and other counties was collapsed, and the city of Echeng was one, and the city of Zhouxing was on the city." For the flood, the Qing Dao Guang years of the Hankou Hankou Yuyao Xiucaiye Ye Tsukiyuan's "Hankou Bamboo Story" Volume 6 of the "Disaster" was written in a clear description: " The sound of the waterfall. The water of the Han Dynasty rose, and the people's millions of water were in the water. "The serious consequences of the flood, another bamboo branch of Ye Tuanyuan also described:" The jade belt riverside millions of murder, the north wind blow The water dream soul was shocked. Poor people went to the waves, and they still heard the sound of life -saving. "It was revealed that the old Wuhan people suffered from the suffering of the water of the Yangtze River and the tragic scenes of the soul.

Ye Tuanyuan's bamboo branches only expressed a microcosm of Wuhan's pain in the pain of water. Looking back at the nearly century, Wuhan has experienced the impact of three great floods. In front of the turbulent floods, the old Yangtze River embankment quickly collapsed, causing hungry. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan has gone through two major flood prevention tests. Under the high attention of the party and the government and the heroic fighting of tens of millions of flood control troops, they eventually spent the dangerous period in danger. Wuhan is handing over. At the same time as a satisfactory answer, it also cast a great spirit of flood resistance.

1931: Similar to the false Yangtze River embankment

In the summer of 1931, heavy rain rose, and rivers rose steadily. 54 counties in 69 counties in Hubei were affected by the risk of Wuhan embankment. Under the rule of warlord He Chengjun, the Kuomintang Hubei Provincial Government and Wuhan Municipal Government were corrupt and incompetent. The people caused a deep disaster.

On July 22, 1931, the flood broke through the warning line of 26.30 meters in the water level of Jianghan Guan. Hankou's area along the river and the area around Houhu successively became a disaster. In the early morning of the 28th, Hankou scored a golden furnace place. On the 29th, the water level in Jianghan has risen to 26.94 meters. A dyke section of the Hankou Dan Pool Railway was collapsed, and the river was injected into the Houhu Lake. The north of Hankou Railway suddenly became Ze State, and the situation became increasingly severe. On the morning of August 2nd, Hankou's single -hole door collapsed. Hankou was immersed in the water throughout the territory, high and roof, and the towering Jianghan Pass was also besieged by floods. The wooden boat was on the streets of the former car. "Declaration" reported on August 3, 1931 that Hankou flooded the water: "After the Dan pool was collapsed, Zhang Gongzi's dyke was collapsed, and the single and double railway gate collapsed on the morning of the second day. To the river bank, the deep house was flat. Due to the excessive water potential, the people could not escape, and they drowned countless ... "By the 15th, the river embankment, such as Wuchang Chopstick Street, which was separated from Hankou, was defeated. On the 17th, the embankment of Jiyuqiao and Xujiazhuang collapsed. Hanyang, which was across the Hanjiang River, was not spared. On the same day, Hanshui was immersed in the embankment, the embankment collapsed, and the houses in Hanyang City collapsed. land.

It is precisely due to the inaction of local bureaucrats that the old society, which led to the defense of the Yangtze River embankment, and the three towns of Wuhan were flooded for several months. Under the catastrophe of the flood, hungry was hungry, and the people did not talk about life. Coupled with the popularity of plague such as cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, and dysentery after the flood, some victims who lacked medicine and medicine had just escaped the flood and were taken away by the plague. On the second day of Hankou's flooding, the Kuomintang Wuhan Camp ordered the establishment of the Insurance Affairs Office. On August 7, He Chengjun, the director of Wuhan Camp, signed the "Wuhan Emergency Drainage Notice" on the Mahjong table to fully regard the lives and property of the victims as children. In order to cover up people's eyes, the Insurance Affairs Office issued orders, and Chen Keming, director of the Water Resources Bureau, Chen Keming, and Hankou Mayor He Zhihua, and others used "poor waterproof supervisors and remembered once a bigger". He Chengjun and others also sent troops to distribute the four suburbs of Wuhan, suppressing a slightly resisted victims in Xujiazhuang, Sanzhong Bridge, and shooting range. On October 15th alone, more than 100 people were arrested in Hongshan, Changchun Guan and other places, and 11 of them were shot and killed.

The disaster in 1931 was both a natural disaster and human disaster. After the disaster, the "Declaration" reported on August 5, 1931 that "traceability of the disaster": "However, according to the hearing, the scholars' deceptions are usually lost in Pei Xiu, the official hall is delayed, and the danger is in danger. Failure to be rescued, it seems to be one of the causes of calamity. Check the embankment of the E -Embankment, and the original committee is preserved, no matter what the needs must not be used. A few months ago, the accountant would save hundreds of thousands of dollars of sums of money and deposit the huge sums of money and deposit it. Turkishi Merchant Chuanjiang □ Company (the original text is the case, it is suspected to be wrong, it seems to be "stored in Turksukawa Jiangkou Company '), which is deceived, so it is difficult to repair the embankment. Sometimes it is time to grab the protection, but it is decided to be defeated with weakness. The poor flow traces the source, and there must be no regrets. "From this report, it can be seen that the occurrence of a flood is" lost in cultivation "in the Yangtze River embankment. The inevitable result of corruption and inaction with officials.

According to incomplete statistics, the flood caused 321 square kilometers of the three towns to be flooded, 45,000 households were flooded, and the victims reached 440,000, and more than 20,000 people drowned to floods. The sore scene became a lingering shadow in the hearts of Wuhan people. 1954: Zhongzhi Chengcheng defeated the Great Flood

On the occasion of the summer and autumn of 1954, heavy rain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River became a disaster. The rainfall in Wuhan in July was 3.14 times the average of many years, and the water level rose rapidly. This is also the worst natural disaster facing Wuhan since May 1949.

From mid -to -late May, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River continued to rain, some farmland and vegetable garden of the suburbs were flooded. Thousands of households were trapped by water stains. By June 25, the water closing level of Wuhan in the Yangtze River had exceeded 26.30 meters alert water level. Da Shui in 1931 was more than 2 meters higher than the same period. At this time, just 5 years before the founding of New China, Wuhan, which was abolished, faced the test of the Great Flood again. The Party Central Committee was highly concerned about the flood prevention of the Yangtze River, and issued an emergency instruction on June 23, requiring "doing every effort to rescue the danger". On June 27, Hankou Station still appeared at a high water level of 28.47 meters, and the flood prevention situation was still severe. In order to defend Wuhan, the Wuhan Municipal Party Committee of the Communist Party of China published the "To defeat the flood to ensure that all party members, members and the people's books of the city" were published. Later, the Wuhan Flood Control Command, which is composed of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee and Wuhan Provincial Party Committee and the leadership of the party, government and military, and Wang Renzhong, the First Secretary of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee and the First Political Member of the Wuhan Military Region, served as the chief commander. Flood prevention headquarters. The people and all agencies, troops, groups, enterprises, and schools in the city immediately mobilized to actively participate in flood control, rescue, stains, and disaster relief. The units above the People's Liberation Army Division in Wuhan also set up a flood control office to mobilize more than 13,000 officers and soldiers to participate in Wuhan Flood Control and invest a large amount of materials. In the meantime, the flood control army overcame the difficulties, and successively carried out the construction of the second and third dike plus high engineering construction one after another, and successfully completed the task before the Great Hongfeng arrived. As of July 12, the city's first -line flood control personnel had increased to more than 290,000. The Party Central Committee and the Government Council cared about the flood prevention struggle of the people of Wuhan. They called on all parts of the country to support Wuhan's flood resistance and rescue. Deng Zi resumed himself. Hgs, 273 water pumping machines, etc., support the flood prevention struggle in Wuhan.

The slogan of the majority of flood prevention troops was inspired by the slogan of "people are in the embankment, the water rose high, defeat the flood, and defend Wuhan". After hundreds of thousands of military and civilians' hard work, Wuhan finally resisting the test of the highest water level of 29.73 meters of Hankou Station, the lives and property of the people of the three towns were protected, and won the huge victory of the flood struggle in 1954. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, relying on the superior socialist system and the huge forces of the people to defeat the miracle of the great natural disaster. To this end, Chairman Mao Zedong readily inscribed the flood in Wuhan in 1954: "Congratulations to the people of Wuhan to defeat the floods in 1954, and also prepare to defeat the equally serious flood in the future." This inscription was engraved in 1969 and was engraved in 1969 On the flood prevention monument of Hankou River Beach.

1998: "Life and Death Card" casts the spirit of great flood resistance

In 1998, the Yangtze River Basin faced the great flood again due to the heavy rain in the Yangtze River. Under the leadership of the party and the government, all parts of the Yangtze River have set up flood control and disaster relief headquarters to organize the group to invest in flood resistance.

In response to the situation where the Yangtze River Basin was abnormal in 1998 and the spring flood was greatly advanced, in May of that year, the General Office of the Wuhan Municipal Party Committee and the General Office of the Municipal Government issued a notice of the municipal flood control headquarters and the adjustment of the division of labor. , Qian Yun, the secretary of the Wuhan Municipal Party Committee, served as the political commissar, and the mayor Wang Shouhai was the commander. On June 28, after Wuhan's water closing level entered the alert water level, the Municipal Flood Control Command launched an emergency flood prevention mechanism.

The party and the country are highly concerned about the flood prevention work of the Yangtze River Basin. On July 6, Zhu Rongji, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Zhu Rongji, Prime Minister of the State Council, Vice Premier of the State Council, and the head of the State Council, and the general commander of the National Flood Control and Drought Headquarters, the leaders of the relevant departments of the central government inspected Wuhan flood prevention and flood resistance. On August 14th, at the critical moment of the flood rescue struggle in Wuhan, Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the President of the CPC Central Committee, and the chairman of the Central Military Commission, came to Wuhan to inspect the dangerous sections such as Hankou Longwang Temple, Wuchang Moon Bay, and visited, condolences, encouraged fighting. The majority of military and civilians on the front line of Wuhan's flood resistance guidance to flood rescue struggles.

Hankou Longwang Temple is located in the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Hanjiang River. The terrain here is dangerous, the river is narrow, the water is turbulent, and the boat is overwhelmed. The danger section of the Longwang Temple is 1080 meters long, which is the place where the flood prevention and flood resistance are heavy. Once here, Wuhan will suffer a disaster. Historically, there have been many dangers and accidents such as the riverside slope and docks many times.

In early August 1998, when the fourth Hongfeng arrived in Wuhan, the water closing level in Wuhan had risen to 29.39 meters, and the situation was very critical. At that time, 32 flood control personnel who were on danger of the danger of the gate of the Longwang Temple had continued to adhere to the embankment for more than 40 days, and the experience and physical consumption had reached the limit. Faced with the rivers of the crazy embankment, 16 party members and cadres stood out regardless of them. They set up a temporary party branch on the embankment, and used a blackboard to put white paper to make a flood prevention and flood resistance. The three characters of life and death cards, written on the right, "Oath: Oath: Oath and the Earth together, party members: Huang Yicheng, Tang Renqing, Li Jianqiang, Yi Xianyuan, Huang Qiyan, Luo Wei, Huang Zhigang, Ma Xiaojun, Wang Kairuo, Chen Xiaojian, Xu Bin, Yu Chuanxi, Yu Guangjun , Lei Kuanxi, Wang Quan, Li Lihua ", the following writing" Unit: Longwa Temple Gate in Jianghan District, Wuhan City "" Time: August 7, 1998 "and other words. The names of the 16 warriors are signed by each person. Although the fonts and sizes are different, they are strong and powerful. 16 party members wake up themselves with bright red words, vowed to guard the embankment, and keep the city behind them. Hankou Longwang Temple's life and death card greatly encouraged the courage to prevent flood prevention flood prevention and flood resistance. At the time of the most severe flood prevention situation in the Yangtze River, many party members and cadres have erected a "life and death card" on the Yangtze River embankment. Thousands of people have become a city, and finally achieved the great victory of 98 floods. After the flood prevention, this life and death card was collected by the Chinese Revolutionary History Museum (now the National Museum) and displayed it outside.

(Li Shengqing, author unit: Wuhan Museum)

- END -