17 departments issued a problem of "dare not give birth, don't want to give birth" problems in active fertility support measures

Create a family -friendly workplace for the first time in maternity support measures, the inclusive childcare service system develops shifting to speed up, accurately implements the policy of housing rental, and the expansion of maternity insurance bidding has taken a new step ... This series of active fertility support measures, Will benefit hundreds of millions of people.

With the consent of the State Council, 17 departments including the National Health and Health Commission and the National Development and Reform Commission have jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Further Importing and Implementing Active Paternal Support Measures" to launch 20 specific measures to implement fertility support policies and effectively solve the urgency and worry of the masses. Looking forward to the problem. The "Opinions" requires that a couple can have three children's policies and supporting support measures, consider the integration of marriage, fertility, childbearing, and education, and improve and implement active fertility support measures such as fiscal, taxation, insurance, education, housing, employment and other active fertility support measures , Continue to optimize the supply of service, continuously improve the level of service, actively create a friendly social atmosphere of marriage and childbirth, and provide strong support for promoting a moderate fertility level and promoting long -term balanced development of the population.

Fertility is a major affairs of the family, which is related to the vital interests of millions of households; fertility policy is an important part of public policies, which is related to the future of the country and nation. How to relieve the pain points of fertility, breeding and education? How to solve the problem of "dare not give birth, don't want to give birth"? How to actively create a friendly social atmosphere? The reporter interviewed some experts and scholars.

Improve the level of eugenics and eugenics service

The "Opinions" proposes to improve the level of eugenics and good health services, including improving the full service of the eugenics, the quality of children's health services, strengthening reproductive health services, and improving the ability of family infants and young children. For example, to promote the construction of maternal and child health care institutions, all provinces, municipalities, and counties should set up a government -organized and standardized maternal and child health care institution; during the "14th Five -Year Plan" period, the central budget investment supports the development of about 10 children's regional medical care Central construction projects; expand the pilot of childbirth analgesics, standardize relevant diagnosis and treatment behaviors, and improve the level of childbirth analgesics; support the care mode such as intergenerational care and family assistance.

Yuan Xin, a professor at the School of Economics of Nankai University and Vice President of the Chinese Population Society, believes that the "Opinions" focuses on "one, one, one old and one old". Build a multi -dimensional support system such as economic incentives, high -quality services, time support, and spiritual encouragement, and build active fertility support measures in many fields such as fiscal, taxation, education, insurance, housing, employment, vacation, etc. The group's urgency and anxiety, systematically help the family to establish confidence in fertility, in order to promote the realization of a moderate fertility rate.

Song Jian, a professor of the Population and Development Research Center of Renmin University of China, believes that the improvement and implementation of active fertility support measures need to focus on the overall solution of the population structure, and advance from the perspective of the entire life process, the family's full cycle, and the social elements of society. Judging from the perspective of the entire life process, we must focus on the "one old and one small" to establish and improve the population service system that covers the life cycle. From the perspective of family full -time perspective, it is necessary to advocate the concept of active marriage and education, strengthen support measures such as housing and taxation, and build a social environment of childbearing friendship. From the perspective of the perspective of society, the government and social collaborative governance should be strengthened, and the grass -roots population management system and service capacity building must be strengthened.

Develop an inclusive care service system

The "Opinions" proposes that the development of the inclusive nursery service system includes increasing the supply of inclusive care services, reducing the operating costs of childcare institutions, and improving the quality of childcare services.

For example, on the basis of meeting the popularization of preschool education, encourage and support conditional kindergartens to recruit 2-3 years old children; scientifically deploy comprehensive community service facilities, implement preferential taxes and fees for community education services; Occupational qualification access system.

Mao Yanyan, a professor at the University of Capital and Trade, believes that from the perspective of family conditions in our country, the weakening of family functions has gradually worked hard to make traditional family care methods. "No one takes care of children" has become one of the outstanding difficulties in the masses. Therefore, the development of the inclusive care service system has become the basic project for active fertility support measures. The "Opinions" is guided by meeting the needs of parents of infants and young children. From the "incremental", "price reduction" and "quality" core areas of supply -side reforms, accurately develop the core areas of the core areas, and accelerate the development of the inclusive education service system. This series of powerful measures It will alleviate the time cost and economic pressure of family breeding, alleviate the fertility of the masses, and further release the dividend of fertility policy, and actively promote gender equality and women's employment.

Improve fertility leave and treatment guarantee mechanism

The "Opinions" proposes to improve the mechanism for maternity leave and treatment guarantee, including optimizing the fertility vacation system and improving the relevant social insurance systems such as maternity insurance. For example, in combination with the actual situation, the cost sharing mechanism of the cost of employees, clarify the responsibilities of relevant parties, and take practical and effective measures to ensure the holiday treatment of employees; Suitable for childbirth analgesic and auxiliary reproductive technology projects are included in the scope of the medical insurance fund payment according to procedures.

Yuan Tao, an associate researcher at the China Population and Development Research Center, believes that "Opinions" regards maternity insurance as an important part of maternity support measures, which reflects the full affirmation and high attention of the maternity social insurance system. Employment women and unemployed participating in maternity insurance are conducive to promoting the functional and long -term system guarantee functions that support maternity insurance to support moderate fertility.

Strengthening support measures such as housing tax "Opinions" proposed that support measures such as strengthening housing taxes, including accelerating the improvement of the housing security system, and accurate implementation of the policies for housing rental housing; Education balanced development level and strengthening health education such as physiological and health.

Hou Jiawei, a professor at Sun Yat -sen University, believes that living in peace and career, housing is the foundation of living and life. Children have higher requirements for housing than families with influential children, and the improvement of housing conditions for children's families to improve housing conditions is more urgent. The "Opinions" to promote housing provident fund to help multi -children's family lease or purchase houses is an important manifestation of further improving active fertility support measures, guaranteeing and improving people's livelihood.

Wang Qian, a assistant researcher at the China Population and Development Research Center, believes that the "Opinions" proposes to accelerate the development of affordable rental housing and promote the resolution of new citizens, young people and other group housing difficulties. Housing policies are tilting towards multi -child families. Multi -children families can withdraw the provident fund according to the actual expenditure rent. Cities with conditions can appropriately increase relevant support policies such as housing provident fund loans to the number of children's families. At the same time, taking care of many children's families in the guarantee type, lease type and public rental housing allocation, and striving to reduce the burden on fertility families, have a positive impact on promoting the release of fertility potential.

Build a friendly employment environment

The "Opinions" proposes to build a childcare -friendly employment environment, including encouraging the implementation of flexible work methods, promoting the creation of family friendly workplace, and effectively safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of labor employment; strengthening publicity guidance and service management, including actively creating a social atmosphere of fertility friendly, Establish and improve the population service system. For example, it provides work convenience for employees who have the needs of children to pick up children, take care of their illness or home children to help employees solve their childcare difficulties; encourage conditions for employers, schools, communities, group organizations, etc. to carry out cold and summer vacation services; Carry out the work of employment gender discrimination and investigate and deal with infringement in accordance with the law.

Yang Shenghui, an associate researcher at the China Population and Development Research Center, believes that promoting the implementation of family friendly policies and measures at the workplace will help parents take care of infants and young children and reduce the pressure of parenting for parenting. The creation of a family -friendly workplace is conducive to promoting the employer to assume corresponding social responsibilities, thereby improving corporate efficiency and promoting enterprise development. From a social perspective, implementing a family friendly policy in the workplace is also a investment in social members and social and economic development. These investment will obtain a generous return.

Yang Fan, the director of the Department of Population Science, Renmin University of China, believes that the cost of high fertility and breeding is one of the important factors that affect family fertility. With the transformation of parenting methods from "extensive" to "refined", the fertility behavior of Chinese families has gone through the transformation from "wanting to give birth but cannot give birth" to "can be born but does not want to give birth". Therefore, reducing the cost of fertility and breeding of family and building a friendly employment environment is of great significance for improving the well -being of the family and improving the level of fertility.

(Editor in charge: Chang Shuai Shuai)

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