Twenty measures to escort fertility protection

On August 16, 17 relevant departments including the National Health and Health Commission and other departments jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Further Importing and Implementing Active Paternal Support Measures" (hereinafter referred to as "Guidance Opinions") to develop the inclusive care service system and improve fertility. Seven aspects such as vacation and treatment guarantee mechanisms, strengthening housing and taxation, etc., and the construction of a fertility -friendly employment environment have proposed 20 specific measures to escort the fertility guarantee. According to social concerns, the reporter interviewed experts in relevant fields.

Focus on solving the problem of "childcare, childcare, child health, infant health"

Song Jian, a professor at the Renmin University of China Population and Development Research Center, introduced that in June 2021, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Decision on Optimizing the Breakfast Development of Population Population Population" (hereinafter referred to as "Decision"). The fertility support policy system is basically established, the service management system is basically complete, the level of eugenics and good health services has been significantly improved, the inclusive childcare service system has been accelerated, the cost of fertility, childbearing, and education has been significantly reduced, the level of fertility is appropriately increased, the gender ratio of the birth population has tended to normal The population structure is gradually optimized, and the population quality is further improved.

In the past year, local population and family planning regulations have been revised all over the past year, various fertility restrictions have been canceled, many supporting support policies have been introduced, and various fertility promotion methods are explored. However, Song Jian pointed out that from the perspective of fertility -related indicators and the willingness to survey, the effect is not significant.

Population factor is a major strategic issue in national development decision -making. From the perspective of the professor of the School of Economics of Nankai University and the vice chairman of the Chinese Population Society, the "Guidance Opinions" is the specific and operating landing plan of the three -child fertility policy deployed by the "Decision" and its supporting support measures, and once again emphasizes it again. All localities must persist in grasping and general responsibility in person, and strengthen planning, policy coordination and work implementation.

The health growth of the childcare service is related to the happiness of millions of households and the future of the country and the nation. "The document focuses on 'one, one, one middle, one old and one old." Among them, eight measures are mainly concerned about children. "Original new believes that the document proposes to increase the supply of inclusive care, and through investment support and guidance through the central budget, drive local governments to drive local governments to drive local governments to drive local governments Infrastructure investment and social investment, improve basic public service facilities such as infants and young children, and support employers and families to provide child care services.

At the same time, the documents have also made specific arrangements for reducing the operating costs of the nursery institution and improving the quality of childcare services, such as implementing the preferential taxes and fees of community childcare services, improving policies such as land, housing, finance, finance, and talent, encouraging local governments to introduce the introduction Preferential policies, support social forces to set up a development fund for education services.

In order to improve the level of medical services for infants and young children, the original introduction, the documents clearly clearly have a variety of methods such as the standardization of the standardization of children's health service network, grass -roots children's health service network, grass -roots children's health service network, grass -roots medical institution children's health clinic standardization ~ Health management services of 6 -year -old children.

Improving the confidence of "dare to have childbirth, willing to have children, and can have fertility"

In the opinion of experts, although China still maintains the tradition of universal marriage, the proportion of late marriage and late -marriage and infertility has gradually increased in the late birth queue, and the marriage and family system is facing a threat.

In this regard, Song Jian pointed out that not only the need to strengthen the publicity and guidance of "good love, harmonious family, and happy life", but also from the actual needs of the family to solve the problems and pain points of each stage. , Willing to form a family and willing to have children.

Song Jian believes that the burden of breeding and the conflict of vocational education is the two major obstacles of the current fertility. By increasing the supply of inclusive care services and strengthening the supply of high -quality educational resources, it can reduce the worries of parental breeding of children. By improving fertility leave and treatment guarantee mechanisms, and implementing flexible employment methods, employees can help employees balance work and family relationships.

How to take economic incentives? Song Jian believes that it can play a leverage role in taxation and finance, and reduce personal income tax for the care costs of infants and young children under 3 years old. Housing policies are inclined to multi -children families. The burden of maternity families.

In the face of the problems of women's fertility and employment, Song Jian suggested to solve the difficulties of parenting for employees in combination with the actual situation of fertility and work; safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women's labor employment, strengthen supervision, investigate and punish any form of employment gender in accordance with laws and regulations, and regulations. Disclosure, pregnant women discrimination, breastfeeding discrimination and other behaviors.

As the three pillars of childbearing leave, maternity leave (including extended maternity leave), accompanying leave (nursing leave), and parental leave provides comprehensive support for protecting employees' fertility and childbearing rights and protecting the health of female employees. In response, Yang Hui, deputy director and associate researcher of the Policy and Regulations Research Office of the National Women's Federation Women's Research Institute, introduced that the international community generally establishes the cost sharing mechanism of fertility leave. In the process of implementing the policy, my country needs to do a good job of "open source" and "flowing" of maternity insurance funds -by expanding the coverage of maternity insurance coverage and the target of payment, the size of maternity insurance funds is increased. Basic medical insurance payment sources and payment ratios, determine that employees and employers bear a 1: 2 maternity insurance rate; through expanding the scope of maternity insurance payment, improve the security function of the three pillars of maternity leave.

The "Guidance Opinions" also incorporated the family -friendly workplace into maternity support measures for the first time. In this regard, Wang Qian, an assistant researcher at the China Population and Development Research Center, said that the document clearly proposes to promote employers to help employees balance work and family relationships in the special collective contracts for the protection of collective contracts and female employee rights. Real get off work, negotiating with employees adopts elasticity, home office, etc., and provides work convenience for employees to pick up children to school and take care of children with sick children. This is the first time in the documents of the State Council. Establish an elderly living security system that is "old, old and depends on, and old -fashioned"

Experts point out that extended life expectancy and reduction of fertility are the regular embodiment of population development and the inevitable result of social progress. Most countries are actively responding to the challenge of "young children aging".

At present, China is facing the dual problems of total pressure and structural challenges, among which structural challenges are more lasting and serious. Song Jian introduced that China entered a population aging society at the end of the 20th century. During the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period, the proportion of elderly population 65 and over over 14%, which will change to aging society. Although the number of elderly population depends on the previous birth queue and it is difficult to change, the age structure of aging level and overall population may gradually improve by improving the level of fertility.

"In this context, the improvement and implementation of active fertility support measures need to focus on the overall solution of the population structure, and the perspective of the perspective of the entire life, the family's full cycle, and the society of society." Song Jian believes.

Originally pointed out that the central government has promoted the active response to population aging into a national strategy, integrates the concept of active aging and healthy aging into the entire process of economic and social development, vigorously promote the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation, and promote the elderly for the elderly, improve the elderly Human health service support and improvement of the social security system and other overall development, strengthen the sense of gain, happiness, and security of the elderly.

(Our newspaper, Beijing, August 16th. Reporter Jin Zhenya)

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