The world's first!China's protection of black land can be rely on

According to Japan's "Yomiuri Shimbun", China has officially implemented the Black Land Protection Law from August 1. The law system clarifies the objects of black land protection, subject responsibility, investment guarantee, technical support, and punishment measures for black land destruction. It aims to protect the black soil containing organic matter and suitable for planting crops to stabilize domestic food production.

Bloomberg reports that Northeast China is an important production area for japonica rice, soybeans and corn. The fertile black soil is a special product of the region. In recent years, China has strengthened attention to food security, including striving to protect the country's most precious black land. By 2025, China plans to increase the organic matter in the black land by 10%.

As one of the four major black earth distribution areas worldwide, the land reclamation time of land reclamation in the black soil area of ​​Northeast China is the latest, but the growth rate of grain capacity is the fastest. Data show that in 1980, the total grain output in the Northeast region was about 12%of the total grain output of the country, and by 2019, it has increased to about 25%. On the other hand, compared with other black soil areas in the world, the area of ​​Northeast China is only third in the black soil area. Although its proportion is less than 15%of the global total area, the mission of increasing food production is quite significant: the area of ​​cultivated land is only 2.7888 The Northeast Black Turbus area of ​​100 million acres undertakes nearly 1/4 of China's total grain output and 1/3 of the amount of goods. It is a veritable "first granary" in China, which has provided an important guarantee for China's grain safety.

In terms of the development and utilization of black soil resources, China's "concentrated strength to do major events" has also been fully reflected. Since the 1950s, China not only rely on the unique reclamation method of "combining military and civilians", but also formed highlights in mechanized farming and modern infrastructure. Effective protective cultivation model. As a result, the Northeast Heiqi District has successfully realized the transformation from "Beida Wilderness" to "Beidangcang".

At present, affected by factors such as global climate change and long -term excessive reclamation, the Northeast Northeast Black Earth Area has shown a different degree of degradation trend. The "White Paper of Northeast Black Land (2020)" released by the Chinese Academy of Sciences last year pointed out that in the past 60 years, the organic matter of the soil of the Northeast black soil farming layer has fallen by 1/3, and some areas have even decreased by 50%. In 2019, the area of ​​black land and soil loss in Northeast China accounted for as high as 20%of the total area. Relevant experts predict that according to the formation of the black soil layer, if the Northeast Black Earth continues to degenerate at the current speed, perhaps the future of Northeast Black Earth will no longer exist.

In order to promote the "sub -health" status and ensure national food safety at the Northeast Heiqi District, China attaches great importance to the protection of black land. As early as 2015, there were many pilot projects for the protection and utilization of black land in many places in Northeast China. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the government has successively introduced the "Outline of Northeast Black Land Protection (2017-2030)", "Northeast Black Land Protection Plan (2020-2025)" Plan (2021-2025) "and other policies and measures aimed at strengthening black land protection. In 2021, the Central Document No. 1 proposed "implementing national black land protection projects, promoting protective cultivation models", and black land protection rising to national strategy. As the world's first national legal document about specific soil types, the newly implemented black land protection law means that the black land protection policy and measures have officially risen to a legal system.

In addition, China's highly perfect infrastructure such as logistics, warehousing and other infrastructures for the protection of black land. Thanks to the continued efforts in the construction of rural infrastructure, China has achieved 100%hardening roads with conditional towns and formation villages as early as the end of 2019, which has greatly improved the efficiency of the utilization of black land and the effectiveness of protection.

In order to "make good use of" black land, the relevant departments should also carry out work in the following key directions: First, in -depth promotion of soil and soil loss management, high standard farmland construction, and efficient sustainable utilization, effectively curb the "thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning, thinning of black soil cultivated land The degradation trend of hardening "hardening; second, on the basis of continuing to promote scientific protective farming technology, further rely on scientific and technological innovation to establish a system of black land protection and use of scientific and technological innovation systems; the third is to fully mobilize farmers' enthusiasm for protecting black land and guide farmers to guide farmers The use of black land uses the original "plunder operation" to the "combination of nourishment" to create a good atmosphere of black land protection; fourth is to vigorously develop the industrialization of ecological agriculture in the Black Turpur area, expand a variety of agricultural functions, discover the excavation The diversified value of the countryside realizes the sustainable development of green agriculture in the Northeast Northeast Northeast Northeast.

Expert interviewed: Zhou Li, a professor at the School of Agriculture and Rural Development, Renmin University of China

(Du Ke interview and sort out)

Original title: China increases its efforts to "use well" black land (expert interpretation)

"People's Daily Overseas Edition" (1022, August 15, 2022)

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