Japanese shouting: During the Anti -Japanese War, the Chinese Communist Party's propaganda to Japan

Author: Zhao Xinli (Professor of Communication University of China, doctoral supervisor, Dean of Hainan International College)

Source: "Youth Reporter" 2022, No. 1

According to reports, the Chinese Air Force fighter pilots recently shouted to foreign military planes in English: "I am the Chinese Air Force, you are close to my airspace and leave immediately, otherwise I will intercept it." [1] has always been launched by our army. Important means of publicity work. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Communist Party of China actively carried out propaganda work on the Japanese army through shouting and other methods. As a kind of promotional medium, the shouting has not received enough attention from the academic community. This article briefly sort out this.

The necessity of Japanese shouting

The disintegration of enemy forces is an important part of the political work of the Communist Party of China, and shouting is an important media means to disintegrate the enemy forces. In January 1938, Zhou Enlai published "The Political Work of the Anti -Japanese War" emphasized: "Frequent publicity to the enemy and inciting for the enemy, seizing every possible opportunity in the enemy forces, disintegrating and dispersing the enemy forces, and weakening the enemy's fighting power . On the fire line, that is, in the battle, it is also necessary to shout or distribute leaflets to the enemy forces to shake the enemy forces. "[2]

However, in the early days of a comprehensive anti -Japanese war, the Eighth Route Army officers and soldiers didn't know much about the Japanese and Japanese troops, and they couldn't shout to the Japanese army in Japanese. After surrounding the Japanese army, the Eighth Route Army soldiers shouted in Chinese and could not let the remaining Japanese troops surrender, which was very limited to Japan's propaganda effects. In September 1937, after the Pingxing Guan battle was over, Zhu De pointed out in an interview with British journalist James Bertram: "Our soldiers will not speak Japanese, so when the army was unwilling to descend, we could not be able to go smoothly. Moving them with a sense of publicity. We are very unhappy about this. "[3] Lu Yaowu and Liu Guolin, the heads of the Enemy Work Section of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army, recalled that in the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Japanese soldiers refused to pay the gun to surrender. In 1937, the 769th Regiment of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army met a Japanese soldier who had been scattered for many days, unkempt, and hungry and cold. The Eighth Route Army repeatedly shouted "without killing the gun" in Chinese. He couldn't understand, and fired at our soldiers with a gun, and shot to several Eighth Route Army soldiers in a row. "As a result, our soldiers had to kill him as a last resort. Similar to this kind of Japanese soldiers who refused to contribute to surrender, it once aroused the anger and hatred of our cadre warrior." [4]

Zhu De also emphasized in the 1938 "On the Anti -Japanese Guerrilla War" that shouting "use the remarks they know": "For the Japanese troops that fight with me, the pseudo -mounted army, security team, etc. Some of the chiefs are unwilling to be a victim of Japanese robbers invading China, they may miss their hometown, or they do not forget the motherland. The anti -Japanese guerrillas should use various methods, such as distributing leaflets to the enemy forces, shouting (they know how they know how to know Remarks), contact relatives and friends in the puppet army, etc., to expose the political propaganda of the enemy's deception. "[5]

Eighth Route Army's Japanese Education

Before the start of the Anti -Japanese War in 1937, the Communist Party of China attached great importance to the propaganda of the enemy and disintegrated the enemy through shouting. During the comprehensive anti -Japanese war, the previous propaganda work of the Kuomintang could not be fully applied to the Japanese army. The Communist Party of China aware that facing Japanese and cultural Japanese troops can only be effective through Japanese propaganda to disintegrate. The second issue of the Eighth Route Army Military and Political Magazine published on February 15, 1939 emphasized the necessity of the Eighth Route Army Warrior Society. This article pointed out, "The shouting on the line: This is a way to promote the enemy, and this is also the best opportunity for us to propagate the enemy. Because the enemies of the enemy and ourselves are different, we can not be able to use Japanese in the soldiers. Enemy propaganda, so it should be compiled from seven to ten sentences, and can also include everything (as the central content of the enemy propaganda proposed above, and when the enemy is shaken Come) slogan, let everyone learn, all familiar with, shout to the enemy during the battle. "[6]

After the necessity of Japanese shouting was more unified, the Eighth Route Army carried out universal Japanese education and training for all officers and soldiers. The first phase of the "Yan'an Enemy Army Work Training Team" for the implementation of Japanese education was founded in November 1938 and started in December. The trainees are mainly personnel with a high degree of Chinese culture in the Eighth Route. The teachers are mainly returned to Japan and a few Japanese people in Yan'an. Through the development of Japanese education, ordinary Eighth Route Army can shout about three sentences of promotional slogans. The company staff will not only seven or eight Japanese publicity slogans, but also sing three Japanese songs. These tasks have a profound impact on the work of the Eighth Route Army to carry out enemy forces, and it is possible to develop a large -scale development of Japanese propaganda through Japanese.

The graduation students of the Yan'an enemy training team brought more professional Japanese knowledge to the front line. The Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, and the military region have held short -term Japanese training classes from the divisions, and the brigade to the military region. Each period of each period is 1 to 3 months, and a large number of primary propaganda cadres have been trained. The General Political Department also specially issued orders to call on the troops in front of the army to generally learn Japanese and carry out Japanese shouting training. The troops formed a boom in learning Japanese. Generally, soldiers can generally call three or four Japanese slogans. And sing some Japanese songs. Many main forces have better achievements. [7]

According to Lu Yaowu and Liu Guolin, head of the Enemy Division of the Eighth Route Army ’s 129th Division, due to the lack of effects of shouting to the Japanese in Chinese, the 129th Division began training to conduct Japanese shouts to the Eighth Route Army soldiers. The slogans include "not killing guns", "preferential treatment captives", "defeat Japanese warlords" and so on. The specific Japanese education work is as follows. First of all, from each battle company, 3 to 5 young, smart, and clever young soldiers with a certain level of cultural level have been trained for about a week at the political office of the regiment. The content of the training is to clearly strive for the significance, policies and the methods of carrying out various tasks, and learn Japanese shouting. After the study, the return team formed an enemy worker group. Under the leadership of cadres, they taught the whole company to learn to shout to the enemy in Japanese, and organize the work of disintegrating the enemy forces on the battlefield. Secondly, the enemy workers personally went to the company to check the shouting situation and conducted a re -class directly. This kind of shouting training has always insisted on the end of the Anti -Japanese War. "Today, after half a century, we encountered the company's cadres of the year (most of the old cadres who retired from senior leadership positions today). On June 30th, the Liberation Daily introduced the Japanese education situation in the Jinchaji Military Region: "Anyone who has been to the military area can hear the sound of the combatants who make the sound of Yiyi, and at a warm welcome meeting Above, they sang skilled Japanese songs. Although the welcoming person is not necessarily the captive of the enemy, they sang seriously and solemnly. These people still have a 'unsightly' three months ago. The simple farmers came to the army shortly now, and soon learned a few things. In addition to becoming not Chinese illiterate, they learned the awkward 'Japanese writer, and they learned Japanese shouting and singing. " [9]

Implementation of Japanese shouting

The flexible movement of Japanese calling is one of the most commonly used ways to disintegrate Japan. There are usually two cases in Japanese shouting. One situation is that when the Japanese army surrounded the Japanese army at the end of the battle, the Japanese army gave up resistance through shouting; the other situation was more common, that is, our personnel came to the night camp or bunker at night. The shouts disrupted the enemy's hearts. There are two main subjects of the implementation of the shouting. One is the Eighth Route Army soldiers who learn and master a few Japanese Japanese, and the other is Japanese captives transformed by education. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Communist Party of China educated and transformed a group of Japanese captives. They formed anti -war organizations such as awakening alliances and anti -war alliances. They followed the Eighth Route Army to promote Japan through the front line, and even some people even gave their lives.

Japanese shouting is easier to play. "In the Guangyang battle, because the cadres shouted the Japanese slogan, they could call several Japanese soldiers over. This fact set off a wave of learning Japanese slogans." [10] It carried out the Eighth Route Army officers and soldiers through the enemy work training team. After Japanese education, ordinary soldiers of the Eighth Route Army can also shout a few slogans through Japanese. Chen Chaofan studied abroad at the Meiji University of Japan. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he worked in the New Fourth Army to work in the enemy's work. According to his memories, after a battle in the Soviet Union in December 1941, the villagers reported that the village's cattle house hid two injured Japanese soldiers. When the New Fourth Army soldiers went to the Japanese words, they said: "Tiebao retreats Luo (pay guns)!" [11] This is the pronunciation of the Japanese "鉄 新 て て ろ", and they successfully captured the Japanese captive.

Our soldiers also had several problems in the process of shouting. "But when I first shouted on the fire, I didn't have a good organization. You said one sentence and shouted, and I couldn't hear it clearly. Some soldiers only learned one or two sentences, and I didn't know what it meant. Often, I didn’t know what it meant. The appropriate situation shouted, which caused the enemy's contempt and ridicule. "[12]" But in many battles, when we shouted, the enemy talked to us. Unfortunately, we did not understand, so we lost many enemy soldiers. "[13]

In this context, the shouts carried out through Japanese captives have been widely implemented. On July 29, 1944, "Liberation Daily" published a long -term communication "shouting:" The Japanese People's Anti -War Alliance "in the 4th edition of the 4th edition of the fight (5)", which detailed the related work of the anti -war alliance to the Japanese army. For example, in November 1942, the Taihang Branch of the Anti -War Alliance shouted on the Laoting Mountain Decipher in Lu'an County, Shanxi Province. Comrade Daxi of the Anti -War Alliance once served this Japanese army, knows its internal situation very well, and shouting is more targeted. In addition, Jinchaji Branch shouted at a place 30 meters from the Japanese bunker at about 9 pm. In September 1942, the South Southern Branch shouted on the 10th Brigade of the Japanese Army in Nangong County, Henan Province. Sometimes, the alliance will be called "national thief" by the Japanese army and quarrel with each other. Japanese soldiers in the bunker sometimes shot and shouted, "shooting us, but soldiers were shot towards the sky. If they did not have such a" attack on the enemy's offense ', they would be punished by the squadron headquarters tomorrow morning. "[14]

Some Japanese captives died unfortunately in shouting. One day in May 1944, the Anti -War Alliance Member Saraho, such as the Anti -War Alliance, shouted the Japanese bunker at the Kawaguchi Kawaguchi passing by the Baijin Line. According to Liu Guolin's memories, at the beginning of the shouting work, Sarawak's thigh was hit by the Japanese bullet. The troops advised him to come down, but in the case of blood flow, he insisted on shouting loudly with another league. Unfortunately, both were hit. Although they were rescued by the troops, they died due to excessive injuries. [15] On March 25, 1944, the "Liberation Daily" was subject to the "Glory of the Japanese Anti -War Alliance, and Comrade Matsuno's heroic sacrifice during the Bridge Battle". Comprehensive reports. According to reports, "Comrade Matsuno Jue, a propaganda member of the Anti -War Alliance Soviet Branch, entered beside the bunker during the battle and screamed to fight for work. However, the enemy did not wake up. At this time, Comrade Matsuno Jue obtained The rifle, shooting under the stealth window, one after another. When the shooting is continuing to shoot, the brain is bombing, and the heroic sacrifice is immediately brave "[16]. Comprehensive use of shouting and other media means. Propaganda for enemy is a comprehensive work, and Japanese shouting is often inter -use with other propaganda methods. If you often use Japanese ballads when propagating Japan, it is often difficult to use with the "shouting publicity" described above, which is difficult to divide each other. At about 9 pm on the Jinchaji branch, at about 9 pm, to 30 meters away from the Japanese bunker. Before the allies were shouting, they chose the sad song "The Moon of the Wasteen City" that the Japanese family was well -known and played with the piano. [17] According to the recaller of Japanese captives, Mizunu, the Japanese captives who change their positions will personally participate in the production of publicity materials, prepare hundreds of 1 meters long flag, and will prepare hundreds of leaflets. Write the slogans used on the flag, or the popular songs or song songs that can evoke the soldiers of the soldiers' hometown. [18]

The object of shouting is not only the Japanese army, but also the pseudo -army and the people of the enemy. For example, the 129th Division launched an 11 political offensive from 1941 to 1945. Political offensive is a comprehensive battle with political struggle and military struggle. It is a contest of a comprehensive force of the enemy and me. There are many ways to propagate political offensive, and the shouting of the martial arts team is one of the ways. After investigation, the martial arts team chose a village with good political conditions, armed into the village at night, and shouted to the masses with a horn on the highland or high roofs. One night in December 1943, the martial arts team in a military division shouted at the same time to the more than 200 enemy bases in the district. In addition, there are methods such as songs, dramas and other methods flexibly in various mass assemblies; they emit and post a large number of leaflets, pictorials, books, and "Xinhua Daily" to the urban cities, railway stations. [19]

The effect of Japanese shouting

With the increase of Japanese captives, the Eighth Route Army educated and trained it, and through them to carry out publicity work on Japan, the effect of Japanese shouts was significantly improved. On August 27, 1939, Zhu De and Peng Dehuai called Chiang Kai -shek: "The Ministry of Vocational and Commission carried out the work of disintegrating enemy forces, promoted troops, and issued Japanese training classes to fight for enemy education and issued various promotional materials, slogans, and ballads. It is the captive soldiers who have been educated and trained to participate in troops and shouted to the enemy.

In our relevant information, there are also many records about the effect of shouting. According to the "Enemies and Me on the Propaganda Trend", our army achieved results through Japanese shouting propaganda. "After the battle of Xigongling, the communications soldiers reported that there were enemy injuries on the battlefield. At this time, it was late at night. Looking for it, the result of the two enemy forces wounded the soldiers. "From the enemy's fear of shouting to me, it can also prove the effect of shouting. A spokesman for the Tianjin enemy Command, once announced on the broadcast: "The Eighth Route Army shakes the emperor with political slogans on the battlefield. [20] According to the "Liberation Daily", at the end of December 1943, he shouted on the Japanese base in the Anti -War Alliance Taiyue Branch, Kato Sakura, and introduced the Japanese army, the Anti -War Alliance, and the international situation. , The effect is quite abundant. [21] Japanese shouts played an important role in disrupted the Japanese army's heart, reduce the morale of the Japanese army, and accelerate the defeat of the Japanese army.

Conclusion

During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Communist Party of China actively carried out the propaganda work of Japanese propaganda through Japanese shouting in the context of the enemy's weakness, and accumulated valuable historical experience. First, Japanese education is generally carried out in the Eighth Route Army to ensure that shouting can be carried out through Japanese. In the case of low cultural levels of the Eighth Route Army, the general development of Japanese education is a great practice for our army to use foreign languages ​​for military struggle. Second, actively use Japanese captives to conduct shouting Japan. Even if the Eighth Route Army soldiers learned a few Japanese slogans, the content that could be expressed was very limited, and it was even caused by errors caused by pronunciation. The Japanese shouting through the Japanese broke the gap between language and nation. The fact that the fact that "there is a Japanese in the Eighth Route Army" itself has a huge impact on the morale of the Japanese army. Third, shouting has always been an important means for our army to carry out publicity. During the Land Revolution, the leadership of the Communist Party of China focused on the propaganda of the enemy through shouting and slogan; during the War of Resistance Against Japan, it actively carried out the propaganda work of Japanese propaganda through Japanese; During the war, the Volunteer Army still focused on screaming to the enemy through English and Korean. The historical experience of the Communist Party's leadership of the army still has practical significance and reference value at present. This article quotes the format reference: Zhao Xinli. As a promotional media shout-centered on the Communist Party of China during the War of Resistance Against Japan [J]. Young reporter, 2022 (01): 103-105.

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