Huang Gongwang Small Residence: The Club of Landscape

More than 600 years ago, Huang Gongwang returned to Yinfuchun and Lushu Mountain Dock, and made a "place in this heart" with a famous painting of "heaven and man".

How to interpret the small city of Jiangnan? "One river, one painting, a piece of paper, a group of people, and a city" as the unique cultural logo of Fuyang, looking for a breakthrough in the "one painting" may be the most effective path. That painting is Huang Gongwang's handed down masterpiece "Fuchun Mountain Residence".

Why did Huang Gongwang live in seclusion in Miao Shanwu on the banks of Fuchun River in his later years? What kind of inner feelings did Huang Gongwang bring in the grass and trees of Miao Shanwu? What is the secret relationship between "Fuchun Mountain Residence" and Miaoshanwu?

This heart

About 1345, Huang Gongwang returned to the small cave sky hidden in the mountains of Fuchun River.

△ "Little Cave Sky" (Luo Xiaofei/Photo)

We have no conclusive evidence that the age when Huang Gongwang returns to his hiddenness can only be speculated based on clues-

◎ In the tenth year (1350 years), in the Zhizhi Hall of Xia's Xia, Huang Gongwang's blank inscription in the "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map": "Seven years of Zhengzheng, the servant returned to Fuchun Mountain residence, useless teacher and teacher In the past. Write this volume in the south building, where you are here. , I will take it back to my luggage today, and get it in the morning and evening as a pen. It ’s useless, there are some clever grades, the first knowledge of the roll, and the difficulty of knowing its achievements. Ten years, Qinglong is in Gengyin, one before the festival, one before the festival On the day, the book of the big idiot is in the Xia Zhitang of Xia's Xia.

◎ At least seven years (1347), Xiaodongtian in Miao Shanwu already had the owner. This small hole is also Huang Gongwang's self -procurement of his gangster. Huang Gongwang said the origin of this name: "The difference between this Fuchun Mountain also gives it to the middle of it. Whenever the spring and autumn burn incense and cook, swim in the past. Ascend, or with the column, I do n’t know that my life is in the earth. The forehead is called small cave. "

When Huang Gongwang arrived in Xiaodongtian, whether it was outside or spiritual, he had gone through vicissitudes and experienced famine, tranquility, glory, jail ... When he arrived at the Miao Shanwu on the border of Fuchun River, it seemed like a tired bird returned to his own. nest.

△ Overlooking "Little Cave Sky" (Luo Xiaofei/Photo)

At this time, he had two identities in the ancient years: the painter (although most of his famous paintings in our later generations have not yet been painted); Taoist Quan Zhenjiao Li Zhichang's disciples, Jin Zhiyang Jin Kidou's disciples.

Understand the switch between these two identities, maybe we can understand the significance of the seclusion to Huang Gongwang, and we can read the philosophical secrets hidden in the "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map".

Good landscape

For a long time before choosing Xiaodongtian, in addition to Yu Shan, where his vulgar house is located, he lives in the big idiot near Gaoli Huiyin Temple, Bitter Bay, Hangzhou. It may be a transit station he travels.

On the side of the big idiot is the Chishanbu Wharf of the West Lake. It is one of the canal and the West Lake to the Qiantang River water and land channel. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the two springs are winding and flowing.

After Huang Gongwang, he chose Miao Shanwu. It may be because of the two residential sites in these two places, such as Yumuquan.

The so -called ravioli, that is, the collective referred to as rice crickets and dustpan: rice crickets, open mouth, rear circle, use a half -life rice in the countryside, can be washed or filtered, in order to get thick rice soup, and then steam the bamboo Zhazi to filter and filter it. Later rice; crickets, dustpans, and parts of the mouth, are the tools for the farmers to bump off the dust grass chips in grain grains.

In Taoist divination, there are also "箩" and "箕" in the fingerprint graphics of the hand phase, and the fingerprints of "箩" are round dumplings, and "箕" is like a dustpan, which is similar to the high -line gods such as Shanwu Valley. Huang Gongwang is good at the hexagram, and naturally knows that the place name is given by the shape and the shape of his shape, and it is also the "drinking shape" tradition of Kangyu Xue.

In the small cave of Yinyin Temple Shanwu, Huang Gongwang also has the most realistic consideration -traffic. Like Dayi, Xiaodongtian's traffic is also very convenient. Not far away, Fuchun River and Qiantang River intersect, which allows Huang Gongwang to walk around water and mountain roads. To a certain extent, Miao Mountain dock is a door that allows Huang Gongwang to enter the good realm of Fuchun landscape.

△ Huang Gongwang Forest Park, located in Miaoshanwu

We can infer the itinerary of Huang Gongwang at the time: after leaving the city, through Liuhe Tower and Xucun area, we went to Fuyang, and passed Baiheqiao, Chunyu Pu and other places.

Going to the Jiangbian Mountain Road in Miao Shanwu is dangerous but beautiful. At that time, the location where Miao Shanwu was at that time, you can refer to the "Xianchun Lin Anzhi" Volume 27 "Hu Nantou Mountain" entry:

"Hu Nanshan, in the east of (Fuyang) County, the mountains are steep, the mountains are overwing, the road is narrow and dangerous, and the pedestrian is suffering from it. Shi Yihu. "

The Jiangfeng came and the field of vision was magnificent. From the overlooking Jiangliu from Daling Mountain, there were flying birds passing by in the heavens and the earth, and they disappeared instantly. The scenery on the east is like a tiger's claw, Chisat and Qiantang, and the sun and the moon are thin. The west side seems to be as powerful as the river water is wrapped, and Lushan Lushan is like the protection of the river. In the distance, there are thousands of fireworks in the profile of Fuyang City in the distance, and there are vague sounds of chickens and dogs in the wind; Longmen Yangping in the south is faintly jumped, and there is a trend of Longxiang and Phoenix. ; Looking down, the cliff is hundreds of feet, the waves are turbulent, and the changes are instantly.

In the "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map", there are two bridges on the opening and curls. There are two old men who walk on the bridge. The two are going on each other, as if they will encounter a moment in this landscape. The rendering and presentation of this kind of landscape began in the choice of Huang Gongwang's residence. Only by understanding this can we understand what Huang Gongwang wants to express in "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map".

Today, I went to read this scroll, river sand, grass and trees, water villages, and humanoids. When they were presented one by one, there are dozens of peaks, one peak and one peak, hundreds of trees, one tree, one state, and the distant clouds are faint, magnificent and vast, and the scrolls are overall. But in the tranquility, the meaning of Xiao Se, like a slightly cool mood. Perhaps, it has been rafted for many years, or hiking. The mountains, sandy, and waterfronts on both sides of Fuchun River and Fuchunjiang have been printed in Huanggong Wang’s mind. In the end, Dongzi Pass, Tongzhou Island and other places The scenery turned into the peaks, mountains and sandbars in his pen.

△ Fuchunjiang (Qingkong Movie/Photo)

Heaven and man

Back to one of the topics about Huang Gongwang: When did Huang Gongwang start painting?

There are two statements in later generations: I started to learn painting after the fate;

When there is information, when Huang Gongwang was 33 years old in 1301, he made "Set the Color Landscape"; in 1302, "Deep Mountain Songs"; 1304 "Traveling the Ride"; Native

After Huang Gongwang returned to Yinmiao Mountain Dock, in the "Akishan Zhaoyin Map" painted in 1347, Huang Gongwang's post showed his thoughts, which was cited by this article. This one painted by Yinyin Fuchun was densely composed, and the hills were placed with alum stones on the top of the mountain, applying lightly. At this time, Huang Gongwang's expression of landscapes had reached the state of writing, and his hand was in his hand.

And the poem posture of "Akishan Zhaoyin" can see the original intention of Huang Gongwang to choose Miao Shanwu:

"Jiemao is away from the city, and the heart is lucky. The door is full of looseness, and the pillows are all Qiu Yan. The stone rod is not in the fish jump. Wing for the end of the Xiuxi Bridge, we can wear grass to web.

△ Huang Gongwang's secluded place Scenic Area Jielu Place Torii

From the other side of Huang Gongwang's "Fuchun Daling Map" to Shao Hengzhen, you can see Huang Gongwang's mood for this place: the mountain peaks are standing, and the critical peaks are straight into the sky. The main peak of the Daling Mountain is towering, the rideline is on the wall of the cliffs, and the pebbles are like a giant. The heights on the top of the mountain are exposed, and the mountains are clustered. Silence in the page of painting is filled with a vast state of mind.

In the "Fuchun Mountain Residence Map", the hills that are stretched out in Huang Gongwang's paintings, the peak circuit, the riverside fertile soil, and the sand of Sha Ting Ping are all objective existence; while the cloud smoke hides the village house, the water waves are not fishing boats, near the tree, near the trees, the trees, The distant mountains are faint. These are the revealing of his inner scenery ... This mentality of seeing the landscape as a friendly, so that the landscape in Huang Gongwang's paintings has his own soul.

Reading "Fuchun Mountain Residence" is like overlooking the Fuchun River. The mountains and sandbars are faintly distinguished. The mountains and rivers are wide and empty, which makes people feel sparse and empty. The slope is long, the peak is not strange and round, as if the calmness of the vicissitudes.

The landscape around Fuchun River should be a comfort for Huang Gongwang. At that time, he was already honored and humiliated. comfort.

Well, in Xiaodongtian, Miaoshanwu, we have got the landscape key.

Li Yu 葱/Wen

- END -