The opening of the city: the industry to the new driving force

Cities and industries are not only interacted and coexisting, supporting each other, but also integrated with each other. In fact, the industry has become the driving force for the transition of these cities to new and industries. As a result, they will also change "the richest is Guangdong, the poorest is Guangdong", which seems to be a paradox but objective reality.

Author: Li Huaqing

Figure: Zhao Yan

When it comes to Guangdong, we will think of the Pearl River Delta and the Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area. When it comes to the cities in Guangdong, we will think of the Millennium Merchants Guangzhou, Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Shenzhen, Foshan, and Electronic City Dongguan. They are already GDP "trillions of cities": in 2021, Shenzhen GDP has exceeded 3 trillion yuan. Guangzhou GDP has also exceeded 2.8 trillion yuan, Foshan GDP exceeds 1.2 trillion yuan, and Dongguan GDP is also close to 1.1 trillion yuan.

However, in addition to "Suishen Buddha Wan", there are 17 prefecture -level cities in Guangdong Province: Huizhou, Zhuhai, Maoming, Jiangmen, Zhongshan, Zhanjiang, Shantou, Zhaoqing, Jieyang, Qingyuan, Shaoguan, Yangjiang, Meizhou, Chaozhou, Shanwei , Heyuan, Yunfu.

Among these 17 prefecture -level cities, the largest economy is Huizhou, and the smallest is Yunfu. With the GDP plan in 2021, Huizhou was nearly 500 billion yuan, and Yunfu was only 110 billion yuan. As for the four cities involved in this topic, Maoming is nearly 370 billion yuan, Zhaoqing is 265 billion yuan, Yangjiang is more than 150 billion yuan, and Chaozhou is about 125 billion yuan.

In reality, the gap is still huge; looking back at history, changes are happening. In the city rankings, although Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Foshan, and Dongguan still ranked in the top four, with the theory of growth, in the first half of 2022, the nominal GDP growth rate of Maoming City, Guangdong was 9.47%, ranking first in the province. This city that relies on the petrochemical industry for more than half a century, the business cards that are deliberately created today are green chemical and hydrogen energy. For another example, Chaozhou, the growth rate of GDP in the first half of the year was 6.06%. Chaozhou Ceramics has blossomed all over the ground, and it is still the "ace industry" of the city, but the electronic industry ceramics is currently the best ceramic door category.

Behind this change is a new idea of ​​coordinated development in Guangdong Province. Since 2018, the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government has successively issued the "Opinions on the Construction of the" New Performance of the "One Nuclear Belt and One District" regional development of the regional development of the province "and" to increase effective investment and accelerate the construction of the "one nuclear area, one area, one district, one area, one area, one area, one area, one area, one district, The "Opinions of Regional Development" two programming documents and support policies for related cities.

As a result, the urban transitions other than the "trillion GDP club" have gained new impetus. For example, Yangjiang is ambitious building an "International Wind Power City". On August 5 this year, Yangjiang City Wind Power Property and Research Innovation Alliance was established. The list of members of the alliance includes top companies such as the Three Gorges, Huadian, Yuedian, China Energy Conservatory, Zhongguang Nuclear, Jinfeng, Mingyang and other heads. According to Yangjiang's plan, by 2025, its annual output value of the wind power industry will reach more than 100 billion yuan.

Zhaoqing City is the largest city in the cities in the Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area. The current development intensity is only 6.5%, and the land can release more than 1,700 square kilometers, which brings a huge imagination to the development of the urban industry. The reality is that the new energy vehicle industry cluster has become a new engine to drive local industrial growth. This year, Ningde Times and Xiaopeng Automobile -related projects successively put into operation. This is a positive cycle, and the adsorption ability of the city's industrial chain is still increasing.

Cities and industries are not only interacted and coexisting, supporting each other, but also integrated with each other. In fact, the industry has become the driving force for the transition of these cities to new and industries. As a result, they will also change "the richest is Guangdong, the poorest is Guangdong", which seems to be a paradox but objective reality.

In the cities' competitive system, is there a optimal solution between the market allocation of resources and the role of the government and the role of industrial policy and the independent choice of enterprises? And when we observe these changes that are in Guangdong Province, in the Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area, the changes of these cities may also provide more mirrorbooks for more than 290 prefecture -level cities across the country.

The coastal economy belt advances into the main battlefield

The "one core, one area and one district" divides the 21 prefecture -level cities in Guangdong into 3 functional areas. "One core" refers to the Pearl River Delta region. , Dongguan, Huizhou, Zhuhai, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, and Zhaoqing; the “Belt” refers to the coastal economic belt, which is the main battlefield of the province in the new era, including the 7 cities except Zhaoqing and Foshan cities in the Pearl River Delta, as well as the 7 cities outside Foshan and Guangdong East. Wing (Shantou, Shanwei, Jieyang, Chaozhou 4 cities), Guangdong Wing (Zhanjiang, Maoming, Yangjiang 3); "One District" refers to the northern ecological development zone, which is an important ecological barrier in the province, including Shaoguan and Meizhou , Heyuan, Qingyuan, Yunfu 5 city.

Different from the unbalanced development situation of the economy of the country's coastal areas and the underdeveloped region in the central and western regions, the wings of Guangdong are all coastal cities, but the GDP volume is far from being "Guangfo Shen Wan". On the map, the Pearl River Delta, the Pearl River Delta The region is located in the central and southern parts of Guangdong.

In the early days of reform and opening up, Shantou and Zhanjiang were also highly hoped. Shantou was one of the four major economic zones in the country at that time, and Zhanjiang was one of the 14 open cities in the country.

Under the planning of the "one core, one area and one district", the importance of prefecture -level cities outside the "trillion GDP club" is highlighted. They assume important functions and urgently need to enhance endogenous development momentum. Radiation or overflow. The original western cities that were not developed were mentioned as important as the 7 cities in the Pearl River Delta, and they were the main battlefields for the development of the province. From the perspective of Hu Gang, president of the South China Urban Research Association and Professor of Jinan University, Guangdong has strengthened its importance to the marine economy in recent years. Advantages. Guangdong's largest natural resources are actually coastlines. "

The waters of Guangdong, long shoreline, superior harbor, many islands, and rich marine resources. As of 2021, Guangdong has ranked first in the country for 27 consecutive years. Guangdong's gross marine production value can account for one -fifth of the country's total marine product. The development and utilization of marine resources can develop marine tourism and port trade. In recent years, Guangdong's development and utilization of marine resources has been deepened, and marine wind power, sea industry equipment, and marine oil and gas chemical industry will be vigorously developed.

Yangjiang builds an international wind power city, which is a heavy stroke of Guangdong's development of offshore wind power and sea industry equipment; BASF, Exxon Mobil, Zhonghai Shell and other major projects such as Zhanjiang and Huizhou, such as Zhanjiang and Huizhou. The hydrogen energy is one of the epitome of Guangdong's development of marine oil and gas chemicals.

In 2021, Zhanjiang's fixed asset investment growth rate was 19.1%and industrial investment growth was 26.8%. Both indicators were at the forefront of the province. The relationship between major projects is close.

In an interview with this reporter, Hu Gang pointed out that in the prefecture -level city in Guangdong, except for "Guangfo Deep Wan", other cities want to be among the trillion -dollar GDP, which is not difficult, but he is quite optimistic about Huizhou and Zhuhai in Zhuhai. The prospects are not only because they are members of the Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area and the Pearl River Delta cities, but also because of their industrial development.

Huizhou has newly landed large -scale petrochemicals and chemical projects. At present, Guangdong has the five major refining and chemical bases of Maoming, Zhanjiang East Island, Guangzhou, Huizhou Daya Bay, and Jieyang. Data from the work report of Huizhou Municipal Government in the year, 11 companies in Huizhou went to the top 100 in the province's electronic information manufacturing industry, and the total output value of the industry was 459.1 billion yuan, ranking third in the province.

Zhuhai, is building Hengqin Free Trade Zone, Hengqin Guangdong -Australia In -depth Cooperation Zone, focusing on integrated circuits and new generation of information technology, new energy, biomedicine and great health, and other emerging industries. Second, according to data from the work report of the Zhuhai Municipal Government in 2022, the scale of Zhuhai's integrated circuit industry increased by 50.1%in 2021. In addition, Gree Electric has built smart home appliances into an advantageous industry.

Zhongshan and Jiangmen, the GDP volume in the coastal economic belt cities is in the middle reaches, and it is easy to be ignored. The development of the advanced manufacturing industries of the two cities is good. According to the data reported by the Jiangmen City Government in 2022, Jiangmen's high -tech manufacturing industry, advanced advanced, advanced The value -added of manufacturing value -added has increased to 12.5%and 41%. The "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" released by Zhongshan Industry and Information Technology Bureau in May 2022 pointed out that Zhongshan's high -tech manufacturing and advanced manufacturing added value accounted for 15.8%and 49.3%, respectively. In the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan", Guangdong intends to strengthen the advanced equipment manufacturing industry of Zhongshan and Jiangmen.

According to the data of the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" of Guangdong, during the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan" period, the Guangdong coastal economic belt industry was supported and strengthened. More than 660 industrial projects invested over 1 billion yuan to land densely on the Guangdong coastal economic belt. During the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan" period, Guangdong intends to guide the population and industries to the scientific layout and coordinated agglomeration to the coastal areas, and strive to expand the hinterland of economic development, promote the formation of new growth poles in the east and west areas. Create a world -class coastal economic belt.

Urban competition and industry planning

In the past, the development of the Pearl River Delta has caused a "siphon effect" to a certain extent. In the future, the wings of the East and West will become the new growth pole of Guangdong, which will inevitably have industrial competition with the Pearl River Delta cities.

In this special interview, Chen Hongyu, a professor of the Party School of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee, has clearly opposed the atmosphere of creating urban competition. Twist market mechanism with administrative forces.

However, in Hu Gang's view, there is no way to compete between cities. This kind of competition is not necessarily a bad thing. Take the two cities of Guangshen as an example. The rich and economic development of Shenzhen's innovative atmosphere is to a certain extent. Thousands of years of merchants Guangzhou have caused a certain pressure to spur Guangzhou to open their arms and embrace new things; and Guangzhou's rich medical resources and educational resources have also spurred the construction of the people's livelihood security system. Hu Gang believes that a good relationship between cities is a competitive relationship. In China, a city can already be regarded as an economy. The choice made by the city to attract the industry can be regarded as an economic behavior. Doing administrative forces.

From the local government's investment promotion work, you may have a glimpse of competition between cities. In this special interview, the Zhaoqing Investment Promotion Bureau told this reporter: "Investment promotion is the source of the source of the economic development. In recent years, it has taken investment promotion as a key move to win a new round of competitive advantages, especially especially, especially for, especially, especially, especially, especially, especially, especially, especially, especially, especially, especially, especially, especially, especially, especially, especially The competition in large project investment is very fierce. Each city has great strength in innovation policies, innovation mechanisms, and innovation environments. You chase me between me. In mid-May of this year, Foshan, Guangdong released the "Foshan City Promotional Enterprise Listing Plan (2022-2026)", proposed to strive to achieve the number of listed companies in Foshan within five years. One of the pressure on Foshan to promote the multiplication plan of enterprises is that the number of listed companies in Suzhou, Brother City, is much more than Foshan.

Zhang Xinyuan, Secretary-General of CO-FOUND Think Tank, pointed out in an interview with this reporter that after forming a "gang, learning, comparison, catching, and super" atmosphere between brothers cities, each city may cause repeated construction or waste of resources from its own interests. In this case, the overall planning of the provincial or higher governments is very important, and it is necessary to supervise and correct the development direction of each city.

To develop cities, it is inseparable from the prosperity of the industry, and the buds of new industries are mostly implemented from industrial projects. However, if local governments want to attract industrial projects if they want to rely on land concessions and tax discounts, they may not be able to go.

When two special specialized new giant corporate executives in Guangdong talked to this reporter about the location of the new production base, they all took the industry's agglomeration capabilities as an important consideration for the location. "It will focus on the local industrial chain, supply chain, and ecological situation." Said the vice president of a specialized new giant company in Foshan, Guangdong. The chairman of a specialized new giant company in Shenzhen, Guangdong believes that the local governments have great support for the Chaoyang industry, and the policy preferences given can basically meet his expectations.

When the Zhaoqing Investment Promotion Bureau introduces new energy vehicles and automotive component industrial projects, it can also feel that business owners value four factors more. One is the industrial facilities of the place of settlement, such as parts and component companies. Supply; the second is the distance between the place of settlement and the customer base, consider transportation costs, etc.; The third is the land space and park carrier of the landing area, whether there is the ability to carry a complete industrial chain; finally, the supporting policy and the business environment.

Judging from the experience of developing new industries in the small city -level city in Guangdong, in the case of the unsuccessful supporting facilities of the local industry, we must first win the "chain main enterprise", and the "chain main enterprise" will help introduce upstream and downstream enterprises. Zhaoqing's development of new energy vehicles and automobile parts and components first introduced Xiaopeng Automobile and Ningde era; Yangjiang developed the sea wind power industry, and also introduced Mingyang Smart and Jinfeng Technology; Maoming developed green chemical and hydrogen energy, introducing Donghua Energy Essence

In Hu Gang's view, Zhaoqing has developed the new energy vehicle industry in recent years. One of the important reasons is the development of rail transit in Guangdong. "Zhaoqing is a relatively peripheral city in the Guangdong -Hong Kong -Macao Greater Bay Area. It is far from Guangzhou and Shenzhen, but after rail transit was built, Zhaoqing's transportation is very convenient." Hu Gang said.

Through rail transit, the time from Zhaoqing to Guangzhou is 30 minutes. It is 1 hour to Shenzhen, 80 minutes to Hong Kong, and 3 hours to the surrounding provincial capitals.

Hu Gang pointed out that Guangdong puts the construction and operation rights of intercity rails from provincial -level companies to municipal subway companies, making the intercity rail connecting to the subway more smoothly and enhance the convenience of rail transit. For example, in December 2021, the Guangzhou Metro Group officially undertake the intercity rail construction project of the Pearl River Delta and the Guangdong Pearl River Delta Intercity Rail Transit Co., Ltd.

During the "14th Five -Year Plan" period, the transportation system in Guangdong will be further improved. Guangdong has planned the "12312 Transportation Circle", that is, the main cities within the Pearl River Delta are 1 hour, the Pearl River Delta region and the northwest of the northwest of Guangdong, the 3 -hour access to the main cities in Southeast Asia in China, and the world's major cities in the world The "Greater Bay Area on the Rail" is gradually realizing.

The provincial blueprint and infrastructure are gradually being reached, and the prefecture -level city needs to refuel itself. In recent years, there are many small prefecture -level cities in Guangdong planning a 100 billion -level new industrial cluster. Some economists have a wait -and -see attitude towards their goals as scheduled, and some people affirm their efforts.

"The government's industrial planning is very necessary. Effective industrial planning needs to be completed. We cannot think that a certain plan fails without 100%of the goal. Success. "Hu Gang said.

Right now, the industrial planning of many small cities in Guangdong has sailed.

Chief Observation of the new law and new signal Zhang Weiying of the central bank's cargo report under the "difficulty", the seventh anniversary of the "convert" 811 exchange reform of an economist: the toughness and background color of the RMB

- END -