Dynamic real "news reversal": a positive reversal type

Author: Li Yong (Associate Professor of Shantou University Changjiang News and Communication College)

Source: "Young Reporter", No. 15, 2022

In recent years, with the frequent "news reversal", people's minds have formed a stereotyped impression that "news reversal" is not good. Feelings reflect the decline of the professional literacy of reporters, the collapse of the professional spirit, and the trampling of the authenticity of the news ... The research of scholars often criticize the "news reversal" first, and then open a "prescription": It is necessary to strengthen media social responsibility, strengthen ethical and moral education, and enhance the media media. However, can such discussions be willing and solve practical problems?

It is obviously wrong to treat all "news reversal" as the same category. Because the reasons for each reversal incident are very different, different analysis must be performed for specific circumstances. In previous studies, according to the reasons for the reversal, we divided the "news reversal" into six types: Xinyuan intentionally compiled modeling, media active fraud, media errors, misunderstandings, and factual development and changes in facts development and change Type, cognitive promotion type. [1] Xinyuan's intentional compilation of styling and media active fraud should be resolutely stopped and resisted. The media error type and the audience's misunderstanding should be tried to avoid.种类型合称为动态真实型）则符合事物发展和人类认知的一般规律，对推动社会进步、认识客观世界有益——它客观上能纠正错误，澄清事实，揭示真相，发现假新闻，让The news is close to the truth, and it can also provide a multi -dimensional perspective to present the complexity of things. This "news reversal" is a positive and positive reversal, which is not only worthy of encouragement and affirmation, but even pursuing. The author sorted out 82 typical reversal news that occurred from 2017-2021, and found that 43 dynamic real "news reversal" were as high as 43 cases, accounting for 52%of all six types of "news reversal". This result also confirms the author's previous inferences and assumptions, that is,: "News reversal" should be classified, and dynamic real "news reversal" has its positive significance.

Three situations of dynamic real "news reversal"

The dynamic real "news reversal" fundamentally reflects the dynamic process of changing the content of the news report. The later report is the amendment to the previous reports, which generally approach the real. Through the analysis of 43 cases, we found that the occurrence of dynamic real "news reversal" is mainly in the following situations:

(1) Promotion of facts: The facts are still developing and changing when reporting. Any fact that is reported by the media is generally not static, but is constantly occurring, developing, and changing. This determines that the media is impossible and a report to fully present all the facts, but may only show a local, one -section, and a stage. A complete fact may take a few days, months, years, or even dozens of years to truly present. Therefore, the media can only continue to report according to the evolution of the facts in the process of development. For example, in the collapse of the Changsha residents that occurred on April 29, 2022, media reports were reported on May 5th; at the end of the search and rescue on May 6, a total of 53 people reported that a total of 53 people were killed. But by May 16, with the death of a savior, the number of victims rose to 54, and the media also reported that the number of deaths was 54. The number of deaths reported on May 6 and May 16, compared to the previous reports, was a "news reversal", but this did not mean When the facts developed at the time, they were correct. In other words, these reports reflect a staged and real process.

Because of this, the facts of each report of the media in the early days are often not setting, but the fact that has not yet been formed, or the "corner of the iceberg" of the entire event. Over time, the situation changes, new facts and details are constantly disclosed, and the original "elephant's legs" that were found will eventually be gradually presented in the whole. For such "news reversal", it is necessary to look at a overall, systematic, and long -term perspective.

(2) In -depth cognition: The investigation, understanding and understanding of the incident has entered a new stage. With the changes in time, space, and the advancement of scientific and technological and human cognitive capabilities, people often break through the restrictions of the original knowledge, experience, level, ability, etc., and have a new understanding of facts or things. The new understanding is a reversal compared to the original understanding. In natural sciences, this kind of cognitive reversal is more common, such as human understanding of the cosmic stars, and the general understanding of the general laws of object movement, etc., all obtained on the basis of continuous negation of the predecessors. In social sciences, some of them have obtained more fully and richer facts and information on the basis of the original facts and information, as described as described above; some belong to the original facts and information. The negation and subversion of the top form a new understanding. It will challenge the existing cognition, but it is the foundation of innovation, such as the creative destructure proposed by economist Xiong Pitt. Generally speaking, the latter has a certain threshold for professional knowledge.

Specific to news reports, events that require certain professional knowledge such as economics, finance, law, medicine, etc., often easily constitute this "reversal". For example, in terms of medical science, people's understanding of the new crown pneumonia's epidemic and epidemic prevention knowledge is inconsistent, and even later understanding has overturned their previous knowledge. In social news, because some criminal cases are more complicated, the detection process requires certain professional knowledge, and similar situations will occur. In February 2021, the "cargo Lala girl jumper" incident. In the early days of the incident, the media reported that girls jumped at the suspicion at the time may be because "the driver was incompatible." Police identified the girl's corpse and clothes, and found that before the incident, the two had no physical contact and no pulling. In the end, it was found that the driver of the girl's death was caused by the loss. In May 2021, a student in Chengdu fell from the teaching building. In the early stage, the Internet public opinion said that he had suffered a bullying on campus. The understanding of such events often requires certain professional skills, knowledge and evidence, and even professional testing equipment. It is difficult to make accurate reports by speculation. As long as the media is within the scope of their information acquisition and cognitive capabilities, we can obtain information as much as possible and fulfill the obligations of reasonable verification, and follow up the latest progress in a timely manner. Even if it is inconsistent, including reversal, it is normal. The media uses the knowledge of relevant professional institutions to enhance the understanding of the event with the audience in the collage of the professional interpretation of various difficult problems, supplementing the fragmented information, and the "original appearance" of the facts. Approach.

(3) Clarity of information: Later reports to correct the blur, errors, and false information that appeared in the early stage. The information from the early stage itself is wrong and false. The insiders or parties clarify through the media to stop the circulation of the fallacy and make the information of the information clear. This reversal is undoubtedly positive.

Some incidents do not have a fake motivation subjectively. Due to the blurred memory, or unclear the facts, or unclear, or have not been interviewed at all, they were misunderstood or misunderstood. , Subsequent clarification. For example, during the college entrance examination in 2021, a video of a "kindergarten brother Tibetan sister admission ticket" appeared on the hot search, which caused netizens to condemn the younger brother in the video. However, the sister then rumored that the younger brother was kindly controlled instead of hiding, and he was not an admission ticket but an identity card. The media's first report of the information of "Brother Tibetan Sister's Application" was reported from the police who helped candidates to find a certificate. The police understood the behavior of the brother's custody as "hiding", which led to the early error information reported by the media. A group photo of a girl and grandfather who occurred in November 2021 was rumored to be a "old man and young wife" incident, and it was compiled by the "self -media" without knowing the parties. In the later period, the parties clarified the facts through the media and explained the truth. The clarification and amendments of these incidents are generally conducive to promoting the "reversal" of news to facts and truth.

Dynamic real "news reversal" theoretical interpretation

No matter what kind of situation in the above situation, it can be explained by a theory, that is, the theory of Marx's "organic movement of newspapers". In 1843, Marx responded to the Governor of Rhein's province to defend the newspaper when the two reports of the Rhein News reported unrealistic accusations: "When a journalist reports the call he heard by the people he heard All the details and arguments of the matter and the root causes of all the details and the root causes .... A journalist can think that he is just a small part of a complex body. He can choose a certain function for himself in this body. As long as the newspapers are organically moved, all the facts will be completely revealed. "" ... This is how the newspaper is through division of labor -not to do all the people work, but every group of this person Members should take a little work -to clarify all the facts step by step. "[2] The core idea is to reveal a certain period of time and process of a certain fact. Each news report of different newspapers and periodicals is a part of the facts of the facts. Different newspapers and different journalists cooperate together to complete the mission of revealing the truth as an organic whole.

Marx's "organic movement of newspapers" provides the theoretical tool for us to understand the truth of the news and correctly treat the frequent "news reversal" phenomenon today. According to this theory, we can have a deeper understanding of the characteristics of dynamic authenticity "news reversal".

(1) Dynamic real "news reversal" reflects a process and phased real. According to the theory of "organic movement of newspapers", (1) The development of news facts is dynamic and constantly changing, and it is manifested as a process; (2) The media continuously reports the facts based on the development of facts. The staged, news reports cannot be determined to one thing. Most of the time, it can only be a real reflection of a certain stage of the facts, and it is impossible to reflect all; With the development of the incident, subsequent reports will continue to improve, make up and correct these deviations. The process and phase of news reports are determined by the timeliness of the news. When one thing is developing, if it is confirmed and reported, the news becomes an old news, and the report will be meaningless. Therefore, the news can only be reported in time in the process of facts and development, and "there is no need to describe all details and the reasons and roots of all reasons". As long as the report is continuously reported, all facts will be gradually revealed. The news reported before the "reversal" and "reversal" reported that its staged truth is reflected. Of course, the more reports in the later stages, the more likely to negate the previous reports, but the closer the facts may be. Marx also said: "Like life itself, newspapers and periodicals are always in the process of forming, and there will never be something to end in newspapers." [3] Therefore, the dynamic real "news reversal" occurred. Strange, Marxists should understand and tolerate the incomplete, unprepared, and even accurate in the report. For the errors or false in the report, Marxists usually identify it as "a movement that deviates from the track from time to time, but this deviation is limited, and the center of the swing is constantly occurring new situations and new facts" [4 ], "News reversal" is this "from time to time" swinging. (2) Dynamic real "news reversal" reflects the total system of systematic system. From the "news reversal" case listed earlier, we can see that the facts reported by the media before the "reversal" and the facts reported by the media after the "reversal" together constitute the fact that we know about the facts. all. According to the theory of "organic movement of newspapers", the truth of the news is the total system of systematic system, which is composed of different time, different angles and different films. Specifically, three points are included: First, as mentioned earlier, from the vertical timeline, the news is really a dynamic process. It includes the sum of the report according to the time of the incident. Second, it restores the truth from different media or the same media from different perspectives. It is the sum of fact reports from different perspectives. News reports from different angles reveal a certain aspect of news facts. In such organic movements, various reports developed together eventually presented the whole picture of the news facts "[5]. The report of early reporting and reporting of early reports in reversal news is the embodiment of this different angle. We can see that the same thing is not all the media will "reverse", but that each media adopts different strategies according to its different positioning, positions and values, or "reversal", or "reverse reversal reversal", or "reverse reversal". "" Reverse ". And the sum of all these media reports is the entire content of the news facts. Third, it is the sum of several reports of the report. [6]. "Any report can only be a simple and cut off to a certain extent (one fact is very complicated, and it can only be reported from one side, just like a large piece of meat, we can only bite from a certain place, we can only bite down from a certain place, It is impossible to swallow it in one bite), abandoned (abandoning part and accepting part), and generality reports, it is impossible to completely show the facts of the facts "[7]. The dynamic real "news reversal" presents one or several pieces of this fact.

(3) Dynamic real -type "news reversal" reflects the competition of diverse interests to construct discourse. Although Marx's "Organic Movement of Newspaper" is a newspaper, the laws revealed can also be used in today's diversified media. Chen Lidan and Yang Baojun believe that in the new media environment, "newspapers and magazines can be expanded into organic movement ideas between different communication subjects and different media forms" [8]. That is, it should be noted that the sounds from netizens on the Internet, the relevant information issued by the parties issued on the Internet, the statements and responses issued by the relevant parties are also part of the dynamic real "news reversal". A complete news report for the incident. Information about news facts is constantly supplemented by the source of faith from different channels.

Reports and restoration of the truth are a complex, twists and turns, and contradictions. The middle must inevitably collide, conflict, and controversy, but it is the history of self -correction of individual reflection and the interrelationship process of arguing with others. History True only appears [9]. "Only the opposite opinions are controversial, and only the truth of history can be obtained from contradictory judgments." [10]. Although the truth reported by the media has shown a trend of twists and turns, it has been approaching the truth. The errors in news reports will be corrected in the long -term perspective of "newspapers and magazines". "The facts it reported today or the errors in the published insights will be overturned tomorrow." [11] The conclusion

The above discussion shows that whether it is the reversal of the facts, the reversal of the promotion of the cognition, or the reversal of the error report in the early stage, the end result of the dynamic real "news reversal" is to make the news that makes the news the news. Approaching the facts and approaching the truth, from the results, are a positive and positive reversal, indicating that "news reversal" is not necessarily a bad thing. The "organic movement of newspapers" in Marx made the theoretical explanation: it reflects the real, total authenticity and multi -discourse competition of the news.

Reference format for this article:

Li Yong. Dynamic real "news reversal": a positive reversal type [J]. Young reporter, 2022 (15): 59-61.

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