How will the high temperature hurt you?

"Not only thermal radiation, but also high temperatures can also lead to more people being pushed into the emergency room for various reasons. The hot weather will deteriorate mental health and increase the chance of injury, heart disease or infection in work. From migraine and rosacea to lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease, high temperature can cause a large amount of chronic diseases. "

Text ｜ Lu Beika

Edit ｜ Jinshi

Figure ｜ Vision China (except for special marks)

It's not just "heat stroke"

The water of the West Lake is actually warm.

—— On July 23, 2022, the highest temperature on the day of the Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau was 39 ° C, and the air humidity was as high as 98%. In the afternoon of the same day, a social platform user@Superman and friends went to the West Lake to play. A few hours later, three of the four of the four were sent to the emergency department. At 11 o'clock in the night, the author of "Character" reached out to feel the water temperature of the West Lake, and had to sigh the power of high temperature.

This summer is indeed unusual.

As of mid -July, the meteorological station that broke the high -temperature record nationwide increased from 28 last year to 71. On July 13th, the temperature in Shanghai was as high as 40.9 ° C. This is also the highest temperature since Shanghai had a formal weather record in 1873. The day before, the Zhejiang Meteorological Bureau issued 54 high -temperature warnings a day.

Under the extreme heat, the most direct test is everyone's body.

Starting in June, the number of vehicles in the medical emergency center of Fengxian District, Shanghai has increased by 1/3 from the same period last year. In an interview, the emergency doctor Dong Jiangye said that this is the hottest year in her six years. Among the patients transferred by first aid vehicles, the diseases of heat stroke, thermal irritation and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have significantly increased.

In Heilongjiang, the northernmost tip of our country, due to the sudden rise in temperature, Daqing Fourth Hospital also received more patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular and acute gastroenteritis.

On July 11, Hangzhou's temperature had not exceeded 40 ° C. The number of patients with cerebrovascular diseases at the Department of Emergency Department of the Municipal People's Hospital was nearly doubled. When a 56 -year -old farmer took care of his watermelon land, half of his watermelon land, half a half of his watermelon land, half a half of his watermelon land, half a half It was so hot that he couldn't breathe, and his left hand was suddenly unable to move. When he was taken to the hospital, he was diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction.

Among all the health issues caused by high temperatures, the most occurred is heat stroke.

At 2 pm on July 10th, the temperature in Shanghai reached 40 ° C for the first time. In an interview with the "Gu Yu Lab", Li Wenfang, director of the Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, said that on this day, "Shanghai's secondary hospital, Three of the Third Hospital, Three There are almost no hospitals who have not received heat stroke patients. "

In the nine days at the beginning of August, Nanjing First Aid Center received a total of 155 emergency calls of heat stroke.

As an image of Chinese vocabulary, "heat stroke" depicts a disease symptom. It is a collective name for people to be in a high temperature environment for a long time in the high temperature environment. Due to the excessive symptoms of "heat stroke", the word is too common in daily life, and the general public also obviously lacks cognition and does not pay enough attention -in fact, the harm of high temperature to health is by no means " The word "stroke can be depicted, and this damage far exceeds our imagination.

On July 13, 2022, Shanghai residents used household thermometers to measure the temperature under the outdoor sun. The temperature once reached 50 ° C, and the thermometer exploded.

"Heating together inside and outside"

In early July, Xie Wei, who lived in Fuzhou, participated in a half marathon. Although the temperature of the day had just exceeded 30 ° C, he still felt very hot when he ran. Xie Wei said that his feeling was "not breathing". There was a feeling of "although he sucked a lot of breath, he was still not enough, and he didn't breathe at all." That day, he also saw many people "fainted" along the way, and when someone fainted, he was still twitching.

意识丧失、抽搐——在临床上，这早已脱离了普通中暑的范畴，是「热射病」的典型症状，因为，此时的患者，身体调节体温的功能已经基本瘫痪，包括神经中枢在内Each body of the whole body is suffering from high temperature damage.

This summer, the term "thermal ejaculation" frequently appeared in the public's field of vision. In a statistics of "Surging News", as of mid -July, more than 78 patients reported in the country reported that 13 people had killed 13 people. Most of these people are outdoor workers, farmers, sanitation workers, construction workers, takeaway, etc. They maintain the operation of urban life at high temperature, but have been taken away by the heat waves.

In addition to public reports, two days after Hangzhou's temperature exceeded 40 ° C, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical College (hereinafter referred to as Zhejiang Second Hospital) received more than a dozen patients with hot radiation disease every day.

Unlike ordinary heat stroke, fever is a critical illness. High temperature is transmitted from the skin step by step until the center of responsible for body temperature regulation is completely destroyed. At this time, the high temperature will damage the differences in various organs in the human body. Xu Shanxiang, deputy director of the emergency department of the Second Hospital of Zhejiang, has a very vivid explanation of this. When the thermal ejection disease occurs, the human organs are like "put it in a microwave oven for a few laps, and heated inside and outside."

The south has always been the hardest hit area of ​​thermal irritation.

This is because the summer in the south not only has higher temperatures and high humidity, which seriously affects the body's heat dissipation. The environment of high humidity and wind will affect the evaporation of sweat, the heat cannot be dispersed, and the core temperature will be easier to rise than in a dry environment. "It is also 37 degrees, 40%and 80%humidity, and the risk of heat stroke is completely different." Xu Shanxiang explained. But this year, thermal irritation also occurred more frequently in the north.

On the most day, 5 patients with heat -shooting diseases were visited by Daxing Hospital of Xi'an. In the report of "Ice Point Weekly", on July 5, a 56 -year -old construction worker in Xi'an fell on the way home and was sent to the hospital. The body temperature had reached 43 ° C. Device functional failure, eventually failed to rescue.

On July 5th, a construction worker in Xi'an fell on the way home due to fever. Source network

In early July, Wei Bing, an emergency doctor of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, has experienced the failure of the rescue of two patients with heat -ray disease. One of them was a sanitation worker. He worked outdoors at high temperatures and suddenly dizzy. After sitting on the side of the road, "the consciousness was not good". When he was sent to the hospital, his heartbeat had stopped and eventually failed to rescue him.

Under extreme high temperature, when patients with heat irritation are increasingly appearing in emergency department across the country, doctors have also found a common problem -most patients, including family members, do not even know that even thermal radiation diseases do not even know anything. Wei Bing sighed that the sudden high temperature exposed the lack of common sense and underestimated the damage of high temperature.

Regarding fever, a basic common sense is that in high temperature weather, try to avoid outdoor sports.

Every time you meet young people who run the marathon into the emergency department, Wei Bing will tell them, "Don't be blind and confident, think it's okay, you are young and good, and you are young and good." He also emphasized that many times the hot sky running outdoors Danger, "I really want to happen, others don't know what's going on."

Wei Bing has been diagnosed with a company group building that leads to collective heat irritation. At 10 am in the summer, a company took the employee to run outdoors, and "runs crazy when running." There were seven people in total, and four people were sent to the emergency room. When they arrived at the hospital, these people had begun to "talk nonsense." In the exchange with "Character", Wei Bing and Xu Shanxiang have repeatedly emphasized that there are disorder of consciousness. This is one of the most important indicators of thermal heat stroke. Once it appears, it is necessary to send it to the hospital immediately. Because the four employees participating in the group building were timely, they soon discharged from the hospital after cooling treatment.

But fever is not only outdoors.

Another case of rescue failure that Wei Bing experienced was an old man who had been bed at home for a long time. Because he was afraid of being cold, he had never turned on the air conditioner at home. On the morning of the onset of the disease, the family found that the elderly's mental condition was not good. By two or three in the afternoon, the elderly had become unconscious. When it was taken to the hospital, the function of each organ was damaged.

According to statistics, in addition to outdoor workers, the elderly are also high -incidence groups of thermal radiation, because "the feeling of nerve endings of the elderly will decrease", and the sensitivity to hot and cold is not strong. I didn't feel it. Not only did I not feel hot, but I also wore long sleeves. Some elderly people also expressed their symptoms well, and I was discovered when I was coma.

In addition to the problem of consciousness, there is another very typical physical indicator of thermal radiation -in a very hot environment, the skin is very dry and sweaty. It's gone, "It's time to go wrong."

Recently, an elderly man in Jiangsu suffered from heat irradiating due to power saving. Picture source lychee video

Last 50 meters

The greatest harm of thermal radiation is that it has a very high clinical mortality -if it is not treated in time, its mortality rate is even more than 50%.

"The fever irritation does not happen." Xu Shanxiang said that there will be a threatened before developing the fever. The body temperature rises, the sweating decreases, and the heartbeat is accelerated. The brain and intestine will be sick, vomiting, dizziness and other symptoms of heat stroke due to ischemia and hypoxia. Xu Shanxiang reminds that at this time, you should find a cool place to rest as soon as possible. Don't let the symptoms continue.

However, the phenomenon he observed clinically is that because of lack of common sense, many people will feel that they are just heat stroke, just carry it. When the body temperature continues to rise, when consciousness, coma, or even convulsions, most people will realize the severity, and when this symptoms occur, it means that the organs damage has occurred.

In August 2020, Xu Shanxiang met the worst fever patient, a 28 -year -old veteran. On the same day, he participated in 3,000 meters of physical testing. When the last 50 meters left, "suddenly fell to the ground." When it was sent to the hospital, "deep coma, heart failure, respiratory failure, gastric failure, liver failure, renal failure, coagulation dysfunction". A very severe complication of thermal radiation is the coagulation dysfunction, and many places in the whole body will bleed. "Except for the injections, other oral cavity, nasal cavity, eye conjunctiva, digestive tract, abdominal cavity, and even intracranial, etc. Essence

This is a type of armal radiation disease that Xu Shanxiang is afraid of encounter. Before he was taken to the hospital, he "took a long time for his teeth."

The colleagues of Xu Shanxiang and the emergency department also found a rule. For patients with heat irritation caused by exercise -the closer the distance, the more serious the condition. "If there is still 500 meters, it will stop. If you do n’t run away, it is generally blocked in time. "But if you find the problem, continue to persist and fall before the finish line, which means that the body has reached the limit completely," there is no room for any room. " Almost every doctor will give the same answer when asked about the treatment of thermal radiation treatment: the faster the better.

Li Jie, who is studying in Xi'an University, is fortunate to come to this day. On June 19, the temperature exceeded 38 ° C. His roommate participated in a badminton game. After returning to the dormitory, he lay down and started to "moan". Li Jie's mother is a doctor. He has the concept of fever. He measures his temperature to the roommate, 39 ° C, and has not retired for an hour. He judged that "this must be fever, and quickly asked the counselor to call 120. When it was found in time, when the roommate was taken to the hospital, the brain and chest CT were normal.

In addition to judging and sending medical treatment in a timely manner, Xu Shanxiang said that the treatment of thermal radiation disease "actually starts from the scene", because "early cooling in time is important to the healing." As for the method of cooling down, open the clothes, apply ice, and water the body with electric fans to blow and rub alcohol. "Anyway,"

On the day when I was sent to the hospital, during the waiting process, Li Jie pushed the other party under the air conditioner directly with a wheelchair, and blowing it for a while. "He can help the wheelchair slowly."

For patients with fever, if they do not cool down and send medical treatment in time, they are likely to have a condition -life guarantees, but the function of the organ is irreversible. The worst of these is that the nerve function cannot be recovered, and "people can no longer wake up."

In a papers entitled "Diagnosis Analysis of Rare High temperatures to professional thermal radiation diseases", 15 cases of patients with heat irritation caused by occupational career were analyzed. Of these 15 people, only two people cured. After the rescue, the nervous system could not be recovered, permanent dementia, and 3 people had language barriers.

There is also a misunderstanding about the timely delivery of thermal radiation disease to be vigilant. After some patients with unclear symptoms, some patients have improved their condition after a brief cooling. At this time, many people mistakenly think that the danger has ended, but many patients will fall into a coma again after a brief soberness. Therefore, once there is a disorder of consciousness, "there is no doubt that it must be sent to the hospital immediately." Xu Shanxiang said.

Shanghai Xujiahui Park, a tourist kept sweating

More complicated

High temperature damage to the body is not only thermal radiation disease, but also some dangers occur silently.

On July 19, in an article published by the American Medical Website STAT, this describes the invasion of high temperature on health. . The hot weather will deteriorate mental health and increase the chance of injury, heart disease or infection in work. From migraine and rhinus, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic kidney disease , Hypertension, type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, high temperatures can cause a large amount of chronic diseases. "

This is also the situation faced by Chinese emergency doctors in this midsummer.

At the end of June, Wei Bing met a severe intestinal obstruction patient in his forties. She did not realize that her disease was related to high temperature, but the reality is that as a traffic association, she Points must maintain the order of pedestrians crossing the road at the crossroads -the temperature temperature is too high, which will slow down the motility of the gastrointestinal tract. For some people with weak gastrointestinal function, the intestinal peristalsis slows down, coupled with sweating, a large amount of water in the body will cause difficulty in defecation, which will cause the intestinal blockage. The patient stayed in the emergency room for four days and repeatedly infused every day, and the symptoms of intestinal obstruction slowly relieved.

In emergencies, patients with myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction are also becoming more. As early as 2009, the journal "Environment and Health" published an article stating that "every time the highest temperature in spring and summer increases, the number of emergency patients in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases increases by 17.3%."

Throughout July, the most day, Wei Bing received six or seven patients with cerebral infarction in the emergency department. In late July, Hangzhou Xiaoshan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine also treated six myocardial infarction patients within a week. Among them, the youngest was only 40 years old. When he played football, he suddenly had chest pain and was diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. He had to perform surgery immediately.

The pathological cause behind this is very simple. In high temperature environments, people will sweat a lot, body fluids will be lost, and blood becomes sticky, which will be easier to form blood clots. If some people who originally had chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as arteriosclerosis and plaques with plaques with blood vessel walls, vascular obstruction is prone to occur. When brain tissue and heart fail to get blood supply in time, necrosis will occur. Myocardial infarction happened. For the heart, the heat dissipation needs of the skin will also increase the burden on the blood of the heart, and further induce myocardial infarction.

In London, UK, a sign reminds that commuters and passengers should carry water with them when traveling in hot weather.

For people with chronic basic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, they need to be alert to the impact of high temperature on the body.

Shang Chengpeng, chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, also encountered some patients with hypertension. After the sky was hot, blood vessels were expanded and blood pressure would drop appropriately. But they did not know that this was a change brought by the temperature, and they claimed that the drug was suspended without authorization, which caused the disease to deteriorate. Xu Shanxiang has also seen patients with diabetes. In summer, high temperatures lead to loss of appetite, reduced sugar intake, and blood glucose decreases compared to previous. However, patients still injected insulin in accordance with the previous standards, resulting in severe hypoglycemia and was sent to the hospital. He described the patient, fortunately, the rescue was timely, and if he was later, he might never wake up again.

Even if it is a completely healthy person, problems such as mosquito breeding and dust smoke caused by high temperatures are difficult to disperse, which may directly or indirectly affect their physical health.

When talking about this issue, Wei Bing also mentioned an extremely secret but very important question -emotion.

Related studies have shown that high temperatures can affect the secretion of serotonin and dopamine, thereby increasing people's aggressiveness and impulse. When the temperature exceeds 35 ° C, the sunshine time exceeds 12 hours, and the air humidity is higher than 80 %, the temperature will affect the emotional regulation center of the human mound brain, thereby making people lack patience and emotional out of control. A latest study from Spain shows that in high temperature weather, the risk of traffic accidents will increase by 20%.

This is also called "emotional heat stroke", clinical name- "summer emotional disorder syndrome".

In addition to the possibility of conflict in emotional changes, it will also cause blood pressure fluctuations and further increase the burden on the heart and blood vessels. Wei Bing said that this may eventually move towards myocardial infarction.

Nanjing open air -proof hole to help citizens avoid summer heat

"Sun protection" and "heatstroke prevention"

Because there are too many patients who have seen too many health conditions in the emergency department, Wei Bing found that the reason why ordinary people are easily damaged by high temperatures are often because there is no consciousness of "heatstroke prevention". "This concept."

Today, the general public's awareness of sun protection is far ahead of heatstroke prevention, and what is even more helpless is that sometimes, some people are injured by high temperatures because of excessive sunscreen.

Wei Bing encountered a patient who had a heat stroke in the vegetable market. As soon as I asked, she did some sunscreen measures before going out and covered herself tightly. There are also work clothes of sanitation workers. Summer is also "long -sleeved trousers", which affects the heat dissipation of the skin. In addition, sanitation workers are generally older, "more likely to occur in high temperature environments."

There are also popular sunscreens in recent years. Some products sacrifice breathability in order to sunscreen, resulting in sweat less easily. In this regard, the Bing Bing reminded that if outdoor activities at high temperatures for a long time, "wearing sunscreen, masks, sunscreen, is more likely to cause accidents." The skin heat dissipation mechanism of the skin is completed through the evaporation of sweat, but too much is too much, but too much is too much, but too much is too much, but too much is too much, but too much is too much, but too much is too much, but too much is too much, but too much is too much, but too much is too much, but too much is too much, but too much is too much, but too much is too much, but too much is too much, but too much is too much, but too much is too much. The sunscreen measures make it difficult for the sweat of the body to evaporate.

Citizens wearing sunscreen and wearing sunscreen hats

At high temperature, the protective service of medical staff has also become a risk factor.

At the end of May, Wei Bing felt once in person. At that time, the highest temperature in Beijing had exceeded 35 ° C. He was sent to collect nucleic acids at noon and wore a completely impermeable protective suit. After three hours, his body began to be severely dehydrated. Essence The dry mouth was dry, and the sweat on his body flowed down the trousers.

By June, this situation became more serious. Wei Bing's colleagues went out to collect nucleic acids. As soon as they went out for more than an hour, they called the emergency department and had severe heat stroke symptoms.

According to "Surging News", in order to cool down the nucleic acid collection personnel, many nucleic acid sampling points in Shanghai began to order large -scale ice cubes, and an ice -making plant that was originally on the verge of closure has also re -life.

Medical staff to cool with ice cubes

"The best treatment is prevention." Wei Bing said. In addition to preparing some heatstroke products when going out, such as fans, ice sleeves, electric fans hanging necks, etc., he also emphasized the importance of "drinking water" many times -a health problem caused by high temperature, many can rely on drinking water to drink water. To solve, "moisture is the best way to maintain our body temperature, maintain circulation, and maintain all the organs." However, it is also necessary to avoid excessive drinking water, because the water that exceeds the kidney treatment ability will dilute the blood, which will cause electrolyte disorders and cause hyponatremia, which is commonly known as "water poisoning".

On the issue of gastrointestinals, Miao Lei, a digestive department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, told the "Character" that when high -temperature weather occurs, eat more vegetables and fruits to reduce the accumulation of heat in the intestine. If you have a heat stroke, it is best not to drink "Huoxiang Zhengqi", because it contains a lot of alcohol, and drinking too much will cause the skin blood vessels to expand, but it will cause the gastrointestinal ischemia.

After putting forward professional advice to prevent high temperature as much as possible, almost every doctor once again said the same thing to the "Character" -once you feel the signs of physical discomfort, tens of millions of "don't carry it."

Indeed, the high temperature in 2022 is not just spreading in China, and the entire world is almost under its influence.

On the day when the author of the "People" touched the warm West Lake, the British Sky News Network reported a message that the Greenland is the Arctic climate. The iceberg has been accelerated and the temperature has risen to 15.5 ° C. The sleeve appears in the picture.

This year, Britain's temperature exceeded 40 ° C for the first time since 181, reaching 41 ° C. In an interview with the BBC, the staff of the London ambulance service center said that they received about 7,000 help calls every day, and before, "London's busiest day will only receive about 5,500 help calls." France also faces a high temperature impact. As of July 18, a total of 64 cities and towns in France set a record of the highest temperature in history. The temperature in Paris once reached 40.5 ° C, setting a record. Extreme weather brings a serious fire to France, causing 14,000 people to evacuate their hometown. In Portugal, the life of 238 people in High temperature within a week -a data released by the Associated Press showed that in the past two decades, the death of high temperature -related deaths in the past two decades has increased. 50%.

But what is even more worrying is that the severe fluctuation of temperature seems to be the norm of the future.

A set of data released by the World Health Organization implies the danger of this -at present, the number of deaths dying due to climate change every year has exceeded 100,000. If this situation will not be improved, by 2030 300,000 people died of climate change.

In reality, most people are doing everything they want to adapt to changes in temperature, rather than doing something to really change it. In 2019, Francisco Moore, a climate scientist at the University of California, Davis, described this phenomenon as "warm water boiled frog effect".

In the "British Medical Journal" on July 20, 2022, John Midelton, chairman of the European Public Health School Association, and the scholar of the Society Tyra Chen, also mentioned a similar situation. In the article, they wrote like this--

"Over the years, we are like a frog lying in warm water, and we have not realized the fatal changes in the surrounding environment. Now, the water is boiled."

On July 19, 2022 local time, Britain's temperature exceeded 40 ° C, ushered in "the hottest day in history".

(Intern Lu Yan also helps this article)

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