Dean | Wang Zhenyao: Five problems about the third allocation and public welfare organization mission

Author:China Public Welfare Research Time:2022.08.11

On July 18, the Provincial Charity Federation Party Branch and Hubei Jingxin College organized more than 30 public welfare organizations in the province to carry out party building and co -construction activities. Professor Wang Zhenyao, Dean of the China Public Welfare Research Institute of Beijing Normal University, taught on -site lectures. From a perspective, the title explained by the title of "the mission and responsibility of public welfare organizations under the third allocation". Provincial Civil Affairs Department's Charity Society Office, provincial and municipal civil construction, provincial and municipal public welfare organizations, and the Ministry of Civil Affairs designated the "Public Welfare Treasure" of the "Public Welfare Treasure" of the Internet Public Funding Information Platform of the Charity Organization of the Charity Organization. Live activities. The following is a speech for Professor Wang Zhenyao.

Who will allocate?

Regarding the definition and concepts of first -time allocation, secondary allocation, and three -time allocation, there are already a lot of related policies, and it is also very clear. It will no longer introduce here. Let's talk about the third allocation today. The first question we have to face is the third allocation. Who will allocate? With this question, we will talk about the third allocation. What do I define him for the third allocation? It is the behavior of society under the leadership of social policies.

The third allocation must be dominated by appropriate social policies. What is the purpose of this dominant? It is to avoid polarization and social turmoil. What is the social value connotation dominated by social policies? It must be a mechanism of common prosperity. But this dominance is not a simple order, but because everyone is regulated through policy. Under this policy specification, it is actually based on the level of social morality and the public. Policies are dominant and society is the subject. The government and society are active interaction, very rich, and very vivid public behavior.

The third allocation is not communist but shared. This national policy is actually very clear, "to enhance social harmony in sharing." This kind of harmony is the harmony of the official and civilians to be formed in the sharing. I call it a "good governance mechanism". Our Chinese civilization, a due answer to such a big test from the entire human civilization to the present stage, is to improve social ethics and morality in sharing, and form a deep integration with social policies.

The deep logic of the third allocation is "Jun rich". Looking back on history, we all believe in the concept of "richness". Everyone thinks about whether China had the production method of slavery, did he dominate? Everyone knows that in the West, slavery started in ancient Greece, and it lasted for a long time. Everyone saw from the Book of Songs: "Rain me, and then and my private". Although "public" is very large, "I" also has "private".

Our culture is not only public, no private, not only private, no public. Everyone has a piece of land, and everyone has their own small families, and the production materials and producers are closely integrated instead of completely separated. The development of this production method is a very developed tradition of self -cultivation farmers. The logical bottom line of self -cultivation farmers is "rich", which is the spirit of personal struggle and encourages individuals. By thinking about our civilization and inheritance, we figured out this underlying logic, and when we look at the third allocation, we found that our values are rich, not polarization, which is the value identity of the entire nation.

How to allocate?

The third distribution is mysterious, but it is not mysterious. Drawing on international experience and our country's experience, the first is to establish a sharing norms of social policies, and then to promote social innovation in sharing.

From the perspective of social policies, how to allocate it? It feels that everyone is still unpredictable, mainly focusing on the inheritance tax, property tax, and donations. The key to discuss the inheritance tax. Everyone knows that in the West, many countries levy inheritance taxes. As far as I know, after the inheritance is more than $ 5 million, it is necessary to collect almost half of the inheritance tax, so that the inheritance will not be passed on to the children too much. As we all know, until now, our country is still very cautious about whether it has levied heritage. However, many problems caused by excessive heritage, this contradiction has now appeared. Therefore, I think that the social material wealth reaches a certain stage, and the world must levy inheritance tax.

In addition to the inheritance tax policy mentioned earlier, property taxes include real estate tax, property tax, inheritance and gift tax. Everyone knows that some places in my country began to test real estate tax. The third is the tax exemption. The donation of tax exemption has now made great progress, but there are still many supporting policies to donate tax exemption. At the same time, some new third distribution methods such as stock donations and charity trusts are still unfamiliar. They need dialogue, communication and demonstration, and policy encouragement, support, and guidance. In this series of policy specifications, we also see two dimensions that the country strongly supports, one is social support for voluntary services; the second is the policy support for social organization construction.

From a social perspective, it is necessary to implement "sharing" in detail and promote social innovation. At present, the government is urgently hoping to implement a deep integration with social organizations. Especially in terms of social services, the mixed and integration of social service industries in many fields such as pensions, children, and disabled people is needed. We call it "public private private" and develop life -oriented services. This field requires a high level of morality, and it must have a dedication spirit. If you only pursue efficiency and interests, you may harm the elderly and children. Therefore, services in these fields require very professional social organizations and huge demand. The employment groups of charity in the world generally account for about 5%of the overall employment population, reaching 10%. Like the United States about 10%. Like Germany, most nursing homes were founded by charity organizations. Everyone must note that the third distribution is neither simply donated to the society to do it by themselves, nor is it simply waiting for the government to purchase services, but a very rich and vivid economic and social process. Cooperation, we need to innovate the concept and innovation of social organizations, develop social enterprises, participate in rural revitalization, carry out public welfare venture capital, and actively participate in it.

What allocation is relying on?

The third distribution is essentially a more compound social autonomy and a high degree of social autonomy. Various types of social organizations, especially charitable organizations, directly assume the specific responsibilities of the third allocation of organizations and coordination.

If you are just talking about the field, how do you build a platform for the third time and what tools do you use? From the past ten years, the role of the platform has become increasingly prominent, with hardware platforms, but more software platforms. Many local governments now organize all sectors of society to participate in the activities of Internet public welfare platforms. I feel that this can mobilize the masses to participate in charity and participate in the third allocation.

Another is advocating platforms. There are many such platforms now, and many advocates have become public policies. The other is a variety of commendations. The commendation of the country, the government's commendation is standardized, and it is relatively serious and scarce. There are more commendations for social categories. The commendations of various names, such as the "China First Good" used in the media, and such as such social commendations, are also a positive advocacy for public welfare charity.

In addition, the organizational project platform, like the Hubei Charity Federation, implemented the "Happy Homeland" village community mutual assistance project around the development of organizational functions. Now, the "Happy Homeland" village community mutual aid project has been promoted by the China Charity Federation nationwide, becoming a national project, and becoming the starting point for social organizations to participate in rural revitalization. Through this case, you can see that the Hubei Provincial Charity Federation has achieved a transformation and has become a social platform.

In addition, the platform available to social organizations, of course, also includes organizing its own information technology platform, which is conducive to improving digital processing capabilities in the digital age and improving the work efficiency and level of organization. Activities organized by the Academy of Academy today belong to the training and exchange platform. Such training and exchanges, some government management departments, various social organizations, and public welfare research institutions. This is a very good platform and mechanism that promotes social condensation forces, forms consensus, and finds methods.

Through social organizations to participate in the prevention and control of the Wuhan epidemic, everyone can feel that the use of social organizations such as these platforms, projects and other tools has accumulated very rich experience. The victory of Wuhan's resistance to disease, in addition to the central command, the efficient cooperation of the Hubei government, the active actions of social organizations, all show that the content and form of the third allocation of social organizations are very rich. It also reflects the position of the hub.

What is the effect of social intervention?

The fourth question is to talk about how the third social intervention effect is, that is, the social assessment and evaluation system. In my opinion, the third distribution requires the reconstruction of the social assessment and evaluation system. Everyone knows that the third time we allocate are very important for the public and third -party assessment. Word of mouth is very important, and public opinion is very important because it is fair and comfortable. Especially in China, if the expression of public opinion forms a certain momentum, it will definitely affect public policy. Therefore, the public evaluation power is still important in the third distribution. Another is that the social evaluation of the project and the social effects of the project is also very important.

When a third party evaluates social organizations, I think the governance system of social organizations is facing a big test. Earlier, we have proven to participate in anti -epidemic experience through Hubei Social Organization that social organizations can assume the function of the hub in the third distribution, but there are also some defects.

We have introduced many foreign experiences, but we have a problem abroad. Evaluating the project, even if the result is not good, as long as the program is correct, it is not responsible; it is quite difficult to adjust individual procedures to really solve social problems. This is an important manifestation of social failure.

Originally, the society had higher flexibility, but there was a phenomenon of market failure in this regard. For example, in the social field, some places will cast a little people's livelihood project, and a community will give you tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, and millions. Originally, we could do this and let us experts participate in the design and take a typical bidding procedure. To take the procedure, you must first wait for the local people to pass the budget, and then wait for the financial funds to receive the account. The bidding procedure has been completed for almost two months, and it will be in June. In August, the evaluation began in October. The procedures are correct, but what is the time to work for social organizations? Two or three months. If you do n’t bid like this, say that you have to seek personal self -private, but you have to handle it in this procedure. In fact, you do n’t have time to do it. You can only falsify. Is n’t it more conspiracy to seek personal self -personal? Therefore, when I think that when we establish this evaluation system, our social organizations need to be closely integrated with the practice of common prosperity in China, especially the Chinese style and Chinese style, and establish a Chinese -based value evaluation standard. There are many things in the West, and we can use it, but when we use it, we can combine more cases of practice. Especially in our social organizations, if we want to bear the hub responsibility in the third allocation, it is not right to let the procedures. The cause is that such a phenomenon cannot be developed for a long time.

Who will continue to participate?

The last question is who will continue to participate. This is the level of charity culture and the construction of the social mobilization mechanism. Can the third distribution become a rich, vivid, and sustainable process? This really requires us to discuss and discuss the core. I think it is necessary to discuss the particularity of Chinese charity culture.

Chinese traditional culture believes that "hundreds of filial piety first" and advocate mutual assistance. Western standards are: rescue strange talents are charity. Everyone knows that the Western family inheritance is represented by the United Kingdom and is the eldest son inheritance. Wealth inheritance does not ask affection. In this sense, brothers are also strangers, so they need to help strangers. In China, the family's property is divided between brothers. We say that "the piety is the first", not just for his parents. He also pays wide attention to his brothers and sisters, relatives and friends. Therefore, a large number of charities in China are mutual assistance between acquaintances. Because of the differences in this culture, we cannot simply judge the social participation and development of China's charity by rescue many strangers in accordance with Western standards.

According to Western liberalism, it is believed that the government is a necessary evil. China starts from Dayu's water, and even from the three emperors and five emperors. What is our government? To do practical things to the people, this is the civilianism. Mencius once said: "People are expensive, the community is second, and the king is light." Our culture believes that the government is a necessary good, and officials must do practical things to the people. Does this have no effect on our social organization and our third allocation?

Based on this special cultural characteristics, come to think about our oriental society. We are a kind of view of the world. The yin and yang Tai Chi and gossip in our concept believe that good and evil are one, and good and evil, yin and yang are transformed, not so absolute. Western society believes that justice and evil are not upright, and justice will inevitably defeat evil. From this point of view, our good has greater tolerance.

Furthermore, our economic and social concepts are also different. We are an economic system of equality. This concept of equality has always penetrated people's hearts. Buddhism absorbed in our cultural traditions is equal. The idea of the West is that everyone is equal in the face of wealth, then has polarization, and has strict property rights.

We discuss the third distribution. When thinking about the fundamental political system, we will find that all the public opinion and democratic system based on money is determined by the votes. In fact, it is determined by money. However, the spirit of taxis and scholars who are based on the imperial examination system based on merits are not compatible with the way of relying on votes of dependence. This is especially true of charity. Therefore, I think that the third distribution is in front of us, and it is urgently needed to create a path of charity development with Chinese characteristics. We need to digest foreign ideas and experience based on the foundation of China, and we also need to plan and explain China's development through the creation of excellent cases and innovation in the combination of theory and practice. Therefore, I recommend everyone to read Wang Yangming's "Biography", understand Wang Yangming's theory of mind learning, and develop our charity. What do we need contemporary Chinese charity? To use our philosophy and use our conscience, the third -time distribution system for China's whole child has been continuously improved. Then produce a modern, modern and tradition of Chinese characteristics in the world or that we can stand in the world or that we can stand in the forest of the world, that is, the third distribution system.

Coordinating: Gao Huajun