Confucius Mountain in the Han Dynasty, cliff stone carvings, stone elephants and stone toads

Author:Music club Time:2022.08.10

Kong Wangshan -Located in the east of the ancient city of Haizhou, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu. Confucius was named after the legend of Confucius climbing at Wanghai. The northeast foot of Jinping Mountain was 800 meters long, 300 meters wide from north to south, and an altitude of 123 meters. In the Tang Dynasty, this mountain was called Longxing Mountain, and the Southern Song Dynasty was defense against gold.

The Cymblytes of the Confucius Mountain Cliff Carvings are located on the cliff at the west end of the southern end of the Confucius Mountain. It is distributed on the range of 18 meters long and about 8 meters high.

There are three types of statues: relief statues, line profile portraits inside the small nib, and table seats and lamp bowls attached to the relief statue. There are 89 relief statues. Among them, Taoist Chinese -style characters are like 4, and they are Lao Tzu and their supporters, Guan Lingyin and Huangdi.

There are 85 statues of Buddhist characters, mainly the story of the Buddhist scriptures. The core is the "Nirvana Map" located in the lower part of the center of the statue. A total of 46 characters are composed of images. Essence

Cliff

Along the mountain -footed stone roads along the elephant stone, about 50 or 60 meters west, and the cliff statues are displayed in front of the eyes. On the cliff wall of the pornographic height, there are more than 100 portraits of different sizes and different shapes in Yishan. The contents include Taoist legends and Buddhist stories. Although these characters have undergone more than 1,000 years of wind and rain, they are still lifelike, and they have shined on stone walls.

Experts believe that the cliff stone carvings of Kongwangshan are the earliest Buddhist cliff statues discovered in my country so far. In 1980, it was identified by domestic authorities to confirm that this was the statue of Buddhist content in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was 200 years earlier than Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes , "China Volume", which was entered into the "Book of World Monument".

In the past, Buddhism had been believed to be spread from west to east. The discovery of the statue of the Confucius Mountain Cliffs undoubtedly challenged the traditional conclusion. It is a treasure in the history of Buddhism and art in my country, and one of the most precious monuments in Lianyungang City.

All the statues of the Confucius Mountain cliff gathered in the southwest corner of the mountain, and the mountain was relieved. The screen is 17 meters long and 9 meters high; about 105 idols of different sizes, the largest height of 1.54 meters, and the smallest only 10 cm. The cliff Buddha statue is about 129 meters high.

The carving technique of the statue has a distinctive characteristics of Han painting stones. Cavia, convex wire carving, unleight, high relief, general -body relief, shade carving and other carving techniques have been fully used and played in the statue. It is a full picture of the banquet map, Diela Han map, and Buddhist nirvana maps, tiger maps and Buddha statues, bodhisattva disciples, Lux, and supporters. In January 1988, the State Council announced it as one of the third national key cultural relics protection units.

The discovery and research of the Caishan cliff statue has gone through the long process from intuitive feeling to rational understanding. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it attracted people's attention and became a famous cultural landscape. It was found in the altite and poetry chanting left by the local historical history and the reward of the visitors. ""

There are rutors and horses on the rocks of Kongwangshan, cliff rocks, and the statues of cliffs in the virtues, and the crown clothes are very old, such as reading Han painting "historical documents, which reflect the preliminary understanding and intuitive understanding of the content and imaging age of the Congwangshan cliffs. impression.

Han Dynasty stone elephant

In addition to the religious ruins of the statue group, Kong Wangshan also found other similar relics, and some Taoism and Buddhist things. There is a tall stone elephant not far from the southeast side of the statue group. The stone elephant's left abdomen is engraved with a footbone with a long hook.

The hook domestication elephant is a common technique of the Han Dynasty, while hooks and elephants are commonly used in hooks and elephants. Under the four feet of stone elephants, a lot of Yang Lotus is engraved, which shows the nature of the stone of the stone elephant Buddhism.

Stone toad

About one hundred and fifty meters on the south side of the stone elephant is the stone toad of the Han Dynasty. The Warring States Period and Qin and Han dynasties were regarded as a gods until the Wei and Jin toads were always regarded by people. For people who have supernatural gods, as long as they are disaster -free and blessing, there is no difference between Buddha, God, Tao Zun and toad.

Toad may be the things of Zhenhai at that time. The body is 240 cm, 220 cm wide, 110 cm height, the head of the stone frog is slightly damaged, the front two limbs are half disabled, the eyes are engraved, and the shade scales are engraved on the back.