Summer heat stroke will be "hot"?Experts support the correct cooling

Although everyone is familiar with the word heat stroke, many people don't know it. Because there are very few patients with severe heat strokes that have happened over the years, in most people's cognition, "hot death" is just an expression of emotions, and it does not really think it is so serious.

What are the situations of heat stroke?

There are two types of severe heat stroke patients in the emergency room: one is the young adults who work and train in high temperature and high humidity environment, and the other is the elderly with poor constitution, and occasionally there are mothers and children.

According to different degrees of severity, heat stroke can be divided into threatened heat stroke, mild heat stroke and severe heat stroke. The first two types of patients often do not have a coma. The highest body temperature is below 40 ° C. After several hours of cooling treatment, it can be recovered by itself. Severe heat stroke can be further divided into heat spasm, heat syncope, heat failure, heat damage, and fever. Thermal radiation is the most serious type of heat stroke, with a mortality rate of 21%-63%.

The manifestation and response of thermal radiation disease

Depending on the pathogenic mechanism, thermal ejection disease can be divided into two types: labor -intensive fever, which corresponds to the youthful fever patients we encounter. The heat is too late to distribute, and the skin is often sweaty and humid; the other is a classic thermal radiation disease, and the corresponding patients are often elderly patients with fever. Due to the loss of central temperature adjustment function, the skin disorders are often dry and sweaty.

The characteristics of thermal radiation are high fever, and the body temperature reaches 40.5 ° C or more; neurological dysfunction such as coma or even convulsions; patients have recently exposed to hot weather or strenuous exercise.

If you encounter patients with heat irritation outside the hospital, you should first transfer it to the cool vent of ventilation and unbutton the clothes to cool down. If the patient's body temperature is very high, follow the principle of "cooling first and then transfer", and immediately cool down at the scene. Those who have conditions can soak the patient in cold water, or pour a lot of cold water on the patient, apply the wet and cold towels, and blow the patients with a wet and cold towels, and blow the heat and evaporate the heat. The key to the scene is to cool down, and other medical measures are unnecessary. If you cannot cool down or have symptoms such as epilepsy, the patient can be transferred to the nearest emergency department as soon as possible, and actively cool down during transportation.

Cooling during treatment is the key

The mortality rate of patients with fever is related to the degree of increased body temperature, the beginning of cooling time, and the number of affected organs. Quick diagnosis and cooling are the key to treating patients' lives. Therefore, patients should reduce the patient's body temperature below 39 ° C as soon as possible after arriving at the hospital. Note that the temperature here is the patient's rectal temperature. At this time, the body surface temperature often cannot reflect the real temperature in the patient's body, and even mislead medical staff.

The fastest and effective way to cool down is to directly immerse the patient's body into ice water. Often, the temperature can be reduced in 15-20 minutes. This is especially suitable for young patients who work hard to heat. In the past, there was a misunderstanding that the patient's skin was directly exposed to the patient's skin with ice water or ice cubes, which would react and trembling response due to the skin capillary contraction and trembling. This view has been proven to be wrong. You can directly cover the broken ice on the patient's body.

What should I do if the elderly suffer from fever?

It is difficult for the elderly patients with a typical armal radiation disease to accept such a strong cold stimulus. They can use the method of spraying or wiping the bath, and then use a fan to help patients cool down by evaporation and flowing.

Be careful not to use a large amount of alcoholic bath, otherwise it may produce toxicity due to the absorption of skin blood vessels. If the liquid is required, you can infusion of low -temperature leaflet fluids, but do not infusion for cooling, causing edema. Do not cool down through the method of washing and gastric irrigation. Anti -fever is ineffective for patients with heat stroke, but may damage the liver. There is no drug treatment plan at present, but it is not ruled out that effective drugs may be found in the future.

How to prevent heat stroke?

Avoid traveling in hot time, pay attention to ventilation in the room; drink more water in summer, eat more fruits and fruits; ensure enough rest.

(Source: People's Daily Online is scientifically controlled by Wang Xuemin, chief physician of the Central Hospital of Songjiang District, Shanghai.)

【Edit: Fu Sakura】

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