What enlightenment does Zhongshan "Mother's Post" bring?

Recently, "Mom's post" appeared in Zhongshan City and other places in Guangdong Province has attracted much attention. As the name suggests, this is a specially set up for mothers. The working hours are flexible so that mothers can take into account family and work. In other words, the keywords of "mother post" are elastic work and flexible management.

Women are not only the main body of fertility, but also an important human capital of society. The problem of fertility and employment are intertwined here. With the implementation of the "Three Children" policies, it is more urgent to reduce the family's fertility costs and alleviate the pressure of female parenting. In the context of the demographic dividend, the human capital of "her" is also true. "Mother's post" allows mothers to return to the workplace and achieve personal social value is a kind of attempt to reshape the employment environment and gender concepts.

So, what are the forms of elastic use of "mother post"? What value and influence will they have? What are the current exploration? Let's pay attention to it.

Moms' "both want and want"

In the port town of Zhongshan City, the 29 -year -old female worker Huang Chunhua took off the sound consoles that appeared in a uniform speed on the conveyor belt, and attached the operation guide at the bottom of them. After these sounds, they will cross the sea and appear on shelves in supermarkets in European and American countries.

Although she has to repeat hundreds of times a day, she can get a salary of about 4,000 yuan a month. Moreover, the working hours are very flexible, and you can take leave at any time. The vacancies for leave are supplemented by the omnipotence of the scene.

This allows Huang Chunhua to experience the inner tear in the conflict of school and work hours to pick up children. It is worth mentioning that she should get wages and benefits that she should get from all.

In Zhongshan, this kind of work that allows mothers to work both to make money and can support their baby, elastic arrangement of time, have a loud and warm name: Mom post.

It is understood that the company in Huang Chunhua has 236 "mothers" like her, accounting for about 1/3 of the number of front -line employees in the company. In the entire Zhongshan City, more than 160 companies have set up "mothers' posts", with more than 4,000 posts, and they are still growing.

At the same time, in Foshan, Guangdong, more than 250 companies have opened "Mom post", covering the fields of e -commerce, commerce, industrial production, housekeeping services, and providing employment opportunities for more than 3,200 mothers.

There are similar attempts in some parts of the country. There is a pharmaceutical factory in Ji'anxia County, Jiangxi, and has a production line for left -behind mothers. In Chongren County, Fouzhou, clothing companies have founded a sewing "community workshop" near the school to attract the employment of mothers.

In recent years, my country's fertility policy has been adjusted densely and gradually let go. Following the implementation of the "two comprehensive children" in 2016, in May last year, the "comprehensive three -child" era officially opened. In this context, reducing fertility costs and alleviating pressure of parenting has become the focus of social attention.

A number of investigations on fertility will be found out, because women spend more time to take care of their families, causing their career development to be limited and reduced in income, resulting in hesitant to retreat in more children's fertility decisions.

Shen Yang, an associate professor of the School of International and Public Affairs of Shanghai Jiaotong University and a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Urban Governance, quoted relevant research in my country that in the context of educational competition, the "intensive parenting" spread, which exacerbated the role conflict faced by women.

Yang Juhua, a professor at the School of Ethnicology and Sociology of the Central University for Nationalities, believes that reducing the cost of reducing, fertility, childbearing, and education is an important goal of improving fertility support policies. In addition to the production phase, the protection of the nurturing stage also needs to pay attention to the rights and interests of the protection of parenting entities to return to the workplace re -employment stage.

From this perspective, "Mom's post" resolves the conflict of women's role and allows those who are forced to interrupt the occupation due to fertility to return to the labor market. Family economic pressure. "This has a positive effect on ease the fertility of women's fertility and release of fertility," said Chen Mei, an associate professor at Zhengzhou University Business School.

Why is elastic employment possible?

Huang Chunhua and her workers encountered the embarrassment of job hunting before finding the work of "Mom's post". "It is not necessary to work overtime or business trips, or we cannot take care of the family, that is, the company thinks we cannot invest in our body and mind."

However, on the other side, under the impact of the epidemic, migrant workers accelerated their return "hometown" and their employment intensified. Faced with the amount of orders that constantly recover, many business owners can only look at the "single" sigh. In order to complete the order to rush the production, we often "borrow people" everywhere.

On the one hand, women who want to work cannot be "moved" by the family's bond, and on the other side is a large number of employment companies' tension. "Is it possible that we are doing a link between companies with useless workers and women with employment needs?" Yu Jianzi, chairman of the Zhongshan Women's Federation, recalled that based on this idea, the Zhongshan Women's Federation took the lead in promoting "mothers" to the society.

In May 2021, the "Mom Grand" was officially launched in Zhongshan. Zhongshan Human Resources and Social Security Department, women's federations at all levels, etc., visited the employer, collected some enterprises' flexible work needs information, and intended to start with the link of supply and demand information.

Hairmers, fuel injection, jujube, general worker, guest room cleaners, pretenders ... Soon, the first batch of employment information was released on the WeChat public account of the Zhongshan Women's Federation. This elastic work and flexible management employment The pattern is officially named "Mom's post".

The name sounds. After the first issue of the "Mother's post" information was sent, "two or three hours of click volume reached six or seven thousand, which was very rare." In the comment area below, some netizens left a message: "I hope to popularize them to various towns." "These feedback made us see the strong needs of women's postpartum employment, and also strengthened the determination to continue to make 'mothers' posts." Yu Jiansi said. In the process of promotion, some people think that "mothers' posts" are clock workers, production workers or part -time jobs. In this regard, Xu Hong, chairman of the Guangdong Women's Federation, clarified that this is not the case. "Mom post" can also be a job that works for 8 hours and occasionally requires flexible management, or a job that requires professional skills to work at home.

According to reports, after more than a year of exploration, "Mother's Post" has developed at least 4 different models.

The first is the flexible "mother's post" where Huang Chunhua is located. The enterprise selected the process with a hand -made operation or a low technical threshold from the original process of the assembly line. Freedom.

The second is called elastic "Mom Class". According to the performance and production capacity of different machines, companies can choose to choose from different work hours.

The third is the "mobile post". For small components that are easy to carry and hand -made, enterprises are regularly issued and regularly received at the door.

In contrast, the last one is a trend. It is the "Mother's New C formal format" with dual elasticity of the work location. Such as creative design, copywriting planning, live anchor, e -commerce operation and other new flexible employment needs. This kind of work is highly autonomous and flexible, and has certain requirements for professional skills. It is becoming more and more white -collar mothers.

In Henglu Town, Zhongshan City, which is known as the "Hometown of Chinese Flower and Trees", after a series of training courses such as marketing and photography specially created for mothers, more than 200 "Baoma" has transformed into "Sister Flower" and is in the local area. Broadcasting with flowers and trees of large and small. As an IP "Sister Flower", it is accelerating the development.

"Mom post" increases women's labor participation rate

In the interview, some companies claimed that some companies claimed to be a "concession" behavior due to social responsibility. Yu Qing, the person in charge of Huang Chunhua's company, also thought so earlier.

"Jeanli" said that the default premise is that after the employment of women, companies should pay higher employment costs for this. Take the flow line where Huang Chunhua is located, because mothers may take leave at any time. In order to prevent production from being affected, the company has to add "all -round work" positions in order to "top -up" at any time. For enterprises, the loss of working hours, the transformation of production processes and management, etc., are indeed the cost that requires additional.

Li Lei, a professor at the School of Economics of Nankai University, also pointed out that compared with men, due to the natural division of labor and child care, women are at a disadvantage of working hours and work continuity. cost.

But what Yu Qing did not expect was that although the female workers of "Mom's post" were elastic, their work performance was very strong. They have counted that the loss rate of "mothers" personnel is low and stable at about 5%, while other employment models are 15%, even more than 30%in some seasons. And because of a strong sense of belonging and high loyalty, the work efficiency and product qualification rate of "mothers" are also higher than that of general workers. Therefore, the company assured the production tasks of high -end products to the "Mom Grand" employees.

Yu Qing's statistics and observations have been confirmed in Chen Mei and Li Lei's earlier research. In a paper published last year, two scholars' studies have found that the increase in women's employment shares has a promotion effect on the scale of enterprise exports, and in foreign -funded enterprises, skill -intensive enterprises, women's intensive industries, high -tech industries, and women's education levels low in education, the level of education is low. Regional impact is greater.

More importantly, Li Lei added that in the long run, the policies of female employees during the birth of fertility are biased or taken care of. For the future income of human capital investment such as employee training, the company has harvested tolerance and diversity labor groups brought about The growth of productivity is positive, "and this is conducive to the labor cost of reducing the unit output of units in the long -term development."

"At first, it was the company's mentality of the company's" letting profit ", but the company eventually became a real beneficiary." Yu Qing said that after seeing the huge potential of "Mom's post" The work share is used to recruit "Mom post". Right now, the new "sweet trouble" is that the company's employment needs are still increasing, but "mothers in need nearby have already worked."

In recent years, with the development of China's economy and society, the decline in fertility and the decline in the working age of labor, the demographic dividend has gradually faded and irreversible. Chen Mei believes that women of childbearing age are both the main body and important human resources. "It should be seen that women who account for half of our country are an important part of labor." She believes that with the gradual decrease in population dividends, the setting of flexible employment positions such as "mother post" is The use of women's population labor and skills is of great significance to promote economic growth.

It is also based on this that many scholars emphasize that we must shift from "demographic dividend" to focusing on "gender dividends", and pointed out that improving women's labor participation rates and realizing the use of women's population labor and skills can bring a new one, which can bring a new one. The economic growth of the rotation has a wide impact on the economic and social aspects. Both Chen Mei and Li Lei said that the exploration of employment forms of "mother's post" "full of tenderness and wisdom", "may form a" win -win "situation in employees, families, enterprises, and countries." Shen Yang also pointed out that the promotion of "mother post" is conducive to fundamentally promoting women's development.

Burning fertility costs

In the company that worked in Huang Chunhua, "Mom post" is treated equally with other positions. This also means that in addition to salary, the company pays 732 yuan for each "mother post" female employee every month, and the provident fund of 95 yuan will be purchased by the annual one -time employer liability insurance.

However, a few months later, at the "Mom Penth" five insurances and one fund, the company will save nearly 400 yuan per person per month, close to half of the payment. In early July, the Zhongshan Municipal Government issued the "Several Measures on Vigorously Promoting the New Models of Moms" and officially incorporated the "Mother's Post" work in the city to implement the implementation plan for the State Council's solid and stabilization of the economy of the State Council.

This support document clarifies a number of "mothers' support policies such as tax reduction, training support, and employment service management." The amount of "gold" is high ", and Xu Hong, chairman of the Guangdong Women's Federation, said.

According to the policy, the enterprise successfully applied for a labor contract to employ a "mother post", signed a labor contract with workers for more than one year, and paid social security in accordance with regulations. If the qualified workers signed a labor agreement instead of a labor contract with the employer, and the social security subsidy was paid in the personal identity, then the aforementioned 300 yuan social security subsidy was issued to the mother himself.

In addition, whether it is a labor contract or a labor service, the company that successfully declares the "mother's post" can enjoy precise training subsidies that do not exceed 500 yuan each year; A variety of tax discounts of 7,800 yuan. It is understood that the special funds set up by the Zhongshan Municipal Government reached 5 million yuan.

In order to promote the form of flexible employment such as "Mom Grand", the Zhongshan People's Social Affairs Department has opened up online and offline information release and recruitment channels, and conducts inspection and supervision in accordance with the law to urge enterprises to implement labor laws and regulations.

The subsidy of real gold and silver is considered to be a practical measure for the government and individuals and enterprises to share the cost of fertility, and it is highly praised.

Li Lei pointed out that this public policy will stimulate the enthusiasm and enthusiasm of enterprises to support women's re -employment. Yang Hui, an associate researcher at the Institute of Women's Institute of Women's Federation, also believes that related subsidies will benefit large and medium -sized enterprises with high -quality, high -quality professional technical posts, and management positions. Women will produce more positive social benefits.

With the dense adjustment of fertility policies, supporting measures have been introduced in various places, such as extending maternity leave and increasing companionship leave. Lu Jiehua, a professor at the Department of Sociology of Peking University, previously said in an interview with the media that as the main body of economic development, enterprises may lack their willingness to hire female employees. However, Huang Xueli, director of the Zhongshan Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, believes that the flexible employment of postpartum women such as "mothers" can be included in the support scope of the special funds of provincial and municipal and central employment subsidies. At present, the subsidy targets of the aforementioned special funds are mainly employed people and college graduates.

Because some of the "mother post" employees are flexible employment, some people label them with low skills. Chen Mei believes that there is no need to worry about this. Although flexible employment seems to be "incorrect", it is not equal to low skills and low quality employment. In the future, with the expansion of flexible employment scale, the improvement of the quality of employment, and the strengthening of related policy guarantees, related discrimination will be relieved.

In this regard, Huang Xueli also pointed out that for flexible employment groups, they need to further strengthen their professional ability training and fundamentally improve their employment capabilities.

"We must realize that supporting families and more accurately is the responsibility of balancing career development and parenting, and more importantly, it is still possible to rely on the government to vigorously develop the public childcare service system and further share the responsibility of the family's care and care." Chinese social sciences. Yang Yan, an associate researcher at the Institute of Labor and Economics, said.

"The experience of adding male accompanying leave and parenting leave for some provinces and cities abroad and cities in China is worth learning and encouraging." Yang Yan and Shen Yang pointed out that this will help guide men to re -adjust the work and family inputs to assume more parenting parenting. responsibility.

On this hot summer, Huang Chunhua and the children of the workers played in the exclusive activity room of her mother's 100 meters away and accompanied her mother to work. In other places, more uncle and aunts are actively running to find more possibilities for the "half of the sky".

(Reporter Wang Dan)

【Edit: Yuechuan】

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