Several reasons for thinness and not getting fat

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Several reasons for thinness and not getting fat

Obesity has become a worldwide issue. In recent decades, the number of obesity has increased sharply. WHO warned: overweight and obesity are the fifth largest risk of death in the world, at least 2.8 million people in the world each year. However, people always seem to fail in the battle of obesity. A large amount of data reminds us that the future is a "slightly fat" world.

But having said that, even if many thin men have not diet, they are always not fat. To study the mechanism in this regard, the BBC produced a documentary called "WHY Are Thin People Not Fat", trying to explain why thin people can't eat fat.

1. Fat and Sky are doomed

Some people eat and drink but have a slim figure, but others have long meat when they drink cold water. What exactly is the mystery? You may guess that genes determine whether you are easy to fat or thin, and also determine your diet preference from a certain aspect.

In ancient times, humans learned hunting, but the fat content of wild animals could only meet the needs of the moment, and it was difficult to get enough sugar by relying on wild fruits. As a result, ancient humans should not be full for a few days in a row. Although human beings have learned farming later, natural disasters and disasters continue. In the long history of 5000 years, the Taiping prosperity that can eat and warm and wear is less than 1/5.

In a state of hunger, human beings can maintain their lives only about 1,000 calories a day. When facing natural disasters, the thinner must be the fastest dead, and the fat man may have been longer.

Therefore, the gene that is prone to fat -we call the Thrifty Genothpe must be a good gene in the history of evolution. So from another perspective, in fact, fat people should not bear too much stigma, because it is their frugal gene that allows them to survive in the hunger age. This can be regarded as an advantage in the past.

With the development of civilization, rich food and sedentary lifestyle, the expression of uncomfortable changes in the genes is prone to hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance syndrome. This is like a person who lives in the desert suddenly thrown into the Jiangnan Water Village. In addition, the number and activity of various enzymes in the human body directly affect the absorption of nutrients.

The higher the digestion and absorption capacity determined by genes, it means that we can digest more food in a shorter time, so that we indirectly make us eat more food, which makes it easier for us to tend to obese. However, in the process of human evolution, there are still a few "thin ancestors" survived stubbornly, and the thin skin that can't eat fat is the rare omission fish.

A person is not interfered (not consciously gaining weight or weight loss), and everyone's body will set a value for their weight (this is determined by genes). If you want to change the weight of this setting, it will be painful whether thin people want to become fat or fat people want to become thinner, because your body will always try to bring you back to the weight of this setting. On the other hand, if you deliberately gain weight or lose weight, although you are fat or thin for a while, once you restore your original diet, you will return to the body type stipulated in your "gene formula".

A few days ago, a research report published in the international magazine "The American Journal of Human Genetics", researchers from the University of McMaster's University found that if you have a high weight index (BMI), then your body There may be 9 genes that will increase you.

The opportunity of obese parents to give birth to obese children is as high as 80%, while the chances of thin children give birth to fat children are only 10%. If the parents are fat and thin, the opportunity to obese children seems to be very high. For example, Hong Kong's late female artist "Fatty" (Shen Dianxia) is very fat. Her husband "Qiu Guan" (Zheng Shaoqiu) is thin, but their only daughter Zheng Xinyi's weight reached 180 catties.

Second, the skinny that is no longer eating after eating

There are more complicated reasons behind people's preferences and eating habits. In addition to the fat and thin body shape, there is another way to divide people in the world into two types, one is "not eating in one bite when you are full", and the other is "you can get enough to eat Eat two. " Scientists do a survey experiment for children. They put some small biscuits beside the kindergarten's full children to see what the children would react. Some children push the small biscuits away and continue to do what they want to do. Some children will put down the brushes in their hands and start eating biscuits.

It is also necessary to point out that some people who "eat madly", once the calories intake exceeds the limit, they will start vomiting. Although they also want to eat, their bodies are forced to prevent them from getting more calories than demand. Some skinny frankly said that even if the food is exquisite and rich, once you eat, you will never eat the second. It is not difficult to see that these people who can't eat fat do not have too many needs, and they will not eat foods that they need.

A food psychologist Jane research found that our dietary habits were formed in unconscious childhood. If you tend to eat after you are full, you will do the same thing when you are adult. So how did the dietary preferences of young children formed? Is it from the ears or inheritance of family members? There are 97 genetic markers that cause obesity, one of which allows us to eat more. Some of these genes will affect the eating system of the lower hill brain and control our appetite, such as typical FTO and OB genes. FTO's discovery originated from British scientists' search for type 2 diabetes -related genes in 2007, but researchers soon realized that the real role it played was directly related to obesity.

The researchers sampled about 39,000 people, and concluded that two copies of the two copies of FTO mutations increased by about 3 kg, which was the first clear example of a common obesity gene. Children who continue to eat when they are not hungry have a high chance of having this gene. So for some people, it is much easier to resist modern food.

The geneticist at the University of Cambridge found in the laboratory mouse body that compared with mice in the control group, FTOs in the Hugu brain decreased by 60%of mice often refused to eat. This means that FTO may play an important role in the control of appetite. The research has not ended. How the FTO changes the weight and whether it really works through appetite is the next step of scientists.

So the conclusion is that for some people, it is much easier to resist modern food. For most thinners, they can only eat when they are hungry without restraint. In other words, lean seeds are actually a type of person with little appetite.

For those who simply rely on diet to lose weight, even if they have already taken enough food, their bodies will continue to send a signal of "I am hungry" to make people eat. Therefore, even if they lose weight successfully, it is easy to rebound back to their original weight.

So, does it mean that this FTO gene cannot be lost? Our weighing 40%-70%is directly related to genes. At least this shows that we still have 30%-60%of "control".

For a simple example, the gene allows the human body to reduce the amount of metabolic metabolism at a low amount of exercise, thereby reducing energy consumption. If we maintain a certain amount of exercise, this gene mark will not cause obesity. In the face of genes, humans are not a victory.

"When we studied the Amamos who were most actively participating in physical exercise, the University of Maryland's Sauron Snitk said suddenly felt that genes did not have an impact." The research results will be published in the "Archives ofs ofs" On theternal Medicine).

The Amish people who believe in the old religion usually do not drive and do not need to call. Snitk said these people are engaged in physical exercise of different degrees. 704 volunteers carry an acceleration meter device to track the campaign of one week. Then, the researchers compared their physical quality index BM i, and found that the possibility of overweight or obesity with a small amount of exercise and a FTO gene was greatly increased.

However, in active exercise, the FTO gene has no effect on weight. In other words, "The response of those who carry obese risk of FTO genotypes are also good."

Where is the calorie of the thin -skinned intake?

Sometimes many people are puzzled, why can some people eat the same thing, some people can eat and not get fat, while others are crazy? Maybe many people think that this is because everyone has different digestion and absorption of food. Most of the thin skin who can't eat fat are not digested well.

However, tell you, whether you are fat or thin, the digestion and absorption rate of everyone's food energy is almost the same. If the calorie of the thinner intake does not turn into a fat tissue, where is the calories going?

Another interesting problem is that if you can gain weight after thinness, will he continue to gain weight or restore the original diet and will lose weight? The BBC really did this. They found 10 volunteers with "lean thin constitutions", asking them to overeating every day and intake 5,000 calories per day (two times that of normal people).

The time of (a month) is over, and the test results have been announced. Although everyone is gaining weight, everyone's weight does not reach the standard of over 15%. The most weight gain was a young man named Thomas Hanpton, which increased about 6.5kg, which was 9.5%of the original weight; the other named Martin Wong, he only increased by 4.5kg, which was 8%of the original weight.

One month after the experiment, the volunteers were magically thinner back to the original weight. And they did not make any form of weight loss, or reduced their calories. Why is this?

Some genes related to obesity affect our metabolism, such as the FTO gene mutation can inhibit metabolism. They were originally a very good gene, allowing us to reduce the body's consumption when we did not work hard, thereby storing more fat. Just today, when people generally lack, this type of genes directly contribute to human obesity.

Why does the thinner eat too much, the weight increases rarely.One explanation is that they can consume these heat by increasing the basic metabolic rate, thereby preventing them from being transformed into fat.Basic metabolic rate is the minimum calorie that the body maintains normal survival and brain survival under non -activity.Experts believe that this is because some people are inherently different.They eat a lot, but the metabolic rate will be greatly improved.Even if you eat too much, you will be quickly metabolized by your body, so that there will be no fat hoarding.This is probably the legend: waste food?In fact, there is no thin skin.The calorie of thinness is generally not high, but some thin people will give people a better appetite when eating.

However, even if it is thin, don't be proud of too early, because fat cells will grow, but when they grow to a pole, they will stop growing.The bad news is that once the fat cells increase, they will stay there forever.It's quite difficult to remove.This is probably that people often say that "it is easy to gain weight, difficult to lose weight".

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