"Credit Repair": Crazy Crac

Author:Look at the think tank Time:2022.08.08

"Toll repair, unsuccessful, refund." When a person distressed by bad records of credit reporting, he is often attracted by such advertisements.

The credit report report is issued by the Credit Center of the People's Bank of China, which can reflect the basic situation of individuals or corporate social credit. If there is a bad record in it, it will affect enterprises or individuals in many aspects such as loans, credit cards, employment and employment, travel, etc. Essence

The importance of credit reports made some criminals move. In recent years, scams with the banner of "Credit Repair" have emerged in many stages across the country. Multiple cases show that scammers claim that they can help others to repair bad credit records, but after their fraud succeeds, the customers are blackened and evaporated on earth. Some have even set up training courses to train the "Credit Repair Master", forming a gray industrial chain that collects recruitment of "credit recovery artists", training, franchise agents, and personal information sales. "Credit Repair" chaos disrupts the order of credit market, and also causes economic losses to the victims, the risk of malicious use, leakage, and sale of personal information.

In relevant regulations and documents, the concept of "credit recruitment" was not mentioned. On August 1st this year, a staff member of the Credit Center of the People's Bank of China told reporters that neither the personal and enterprise's credit reports were "fixed". The information in the letter report is submitted by the relevant credit institutions (for example, if a person has handled the business at the Agricultural Bank of China, the content of the credit bank is submitted by the Agricultural Bank of China). How these institutions are submitted and the credit report will be displayed. "Any business activities under the name of" Credit Repair "are scams."

Wen | Zhou Qunfeng

This article is reproduced from the WeChat public account "China News Weekly" (ID: chinanewsweekly). The original first published on August 6, 2022. The original title was "Credit Repair": Crazy Cracks, which did not represent the viewpoint of looking at the think tank.

After the fraud succeed, pull the black customer

The development of China's credit reporting industry, since the birth of the first credit reporting agency in 1932, the birth of the "China Credit Institute", has a history of 90 years. According to the official website of the People's Bank of China Credit Center, China ’s current credit reporting system has been built into the world's largest, the largest number of people, comprehensive collection information, coverage and wide use of credit information basic databases. Enterprises and individuals of the event have established credit files.

Behind the gradual improvement of the credit reporting system and the continuous improvement of social credit awareness, the "credit reporting" scams have also emerged endlessly. The reporter enters the "Credit Repair" online in China ’s referee documents, and a large number of judicial documents can be retrieved. For example, on June 8, 2021, a criminal judgment made by the Intermediate People's Court of Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province showed that in order to restore personal credit, Zhang Chengnuo could fix his credit for him. From May to August 2020, Angmou transferred 35,000 yuan to Zhang's account in four times. After Zhang got the money, he lied that he had been repaired successfully. Its squander.

After Zhang Mouxue had repaired the credit report, Ang went to Xining People's Bank to systematically inquire about personal credit reports and found that he did not fix it. Later, he called Zhang several times and found that he was hacked. Zhang learned from the confession: "I know that I can't repair the illness, and I will be able to invest in the medical treatment. I found an advertisement for repairing credit reporting through chat software. I contacted the other party. Later, the person pulled me black."

After the incident, Zhang learned to confess his conviction and signed a book. He was sentenced to one month and one month for crime of fraud, and fined 7,000 yuan.

Some cases of helping others to "repair credit" are not uncommon for telecommunications fraud.

On July 25, Ms. Li, a citizen of Chenzhou, Hunan Province, came to the Luzhou Branch of Pudong Development Bank to write a banner of "Anti -fraud publicized the warm -hearted and customer -knowledge scam", and gave Liu Yingjie, the financial manager of the business department of the bank.

Liu Yingjie told reporters that she was an exclusive financial manager of Li in SPD Bank. A few days ago, Li received a strange phone call, who claimed to be a staff member of a financial supervision platform. The phone said that there was a problem with Li's credit reporting and needed to be repaired according to the prompts, otherwise it would affect children's academic problems. The "staff member" also warned that the operation process of "credit reporting" cannot be known to the third party, otherwise the personal information will be leaked, and some losses will be borne by Li himself.

Li was panicked after hearing it. The "staff member" claimed that if Li followed his operation, he could improve his credit index and complete the repair.

Immediately, the "staff" guided Li to loan 150,000 yuan and guided her to close the repayment interface to prepare for subsequent fraud. Ms. Li did not notice it at this time, but she was confused, so she called Liu Yingjie's phone and asked about the loan interface related matters. After listening to Liu Yingjie, he judged that this was a scam in the name of credit recovery, and then asked Li to stop all operations and report to the police.

Police investigations confirmed that this was a telecommunications fraud case. The scammers pretended to be a staff member of the relevant departments. They used Ms. Li to rush to repair the credit reporting psychological weakness, guide her to close the repayment entrance and anti -fraud monitoring function after applying for a loan, and fell into the trap step by step.

Liu Yingjie told reporters that she learned that Ms. Li did not have credit reporting. In recent years, as credit reporting has gradually been valued, various false propaganda and fraud routines on the Internet have appeared on the Internet. The ultimate goal is to deceive personal information and funds. Compared with Ms. Li in a timely manner through a bank personnel, Ms. Wang, the citizen of Haikou, is not so lucky.

According to reports, on May 29, Ms. Wang received an unfamiliar call. The other party claimed to be a staff member of a independent third -party payment platform, saying that Wang Yin had a risk of credit reporting to bank loans. Bad records in credit reporting. The call personnel also guided her to add to a man who claimed to be from the "National Banking Regulatory Commission" through chat software, and initiated a video call. The man was officially wearing, and he also presented his personal name, work number, etc., and he was professional. He could say when the king had applied for a loan in the name and identity, which made Wang convince him.

Under the man's prompt, Wang's email received a web screenshot. The most conspicuous position of the interface indicates the "People's Bank of China Credit Center". In addition to some of the personal information of Ms. Wang, the display value in the column of the "Credit Credit Sales" is 56.8 %. The man told her that if the value fell below 50 %, his personal credit reporting would be included in the blacklist of the financial system. Since then, under her induction, Ms. Wang successively transferred 380,000 yuan to six strangers accounts. Since then, the man asked Wang to wait for the bank to "reduce the risk of credit reporting."

Ms. Wang said that the man who asked her to wait for 10 minutes would receive a bank -related response. But she waited for 20 minutes and did not receive a call. After she contacted the man, she found that she had been hacked. She called the earliest call for the payment platform and found that she was unable to connect. She realized that she was deceived and then reported to the police.

According to the "Regulations on the Management of the Credit Industry", the credit reporting agency shall take reasonable measures to ensure the accuracy of the information provided. Whether it is a credit reporting agency or a commercial bank and other information providers, there is no right to change or delete the correct credit report correctly. Display credit information.

On June 13, the Credit Management Office of the Business Management Department of the People's Bank of China published the article "Credit Repairing" is a scam, and the right to protect rights in accordance with the law is the right way ", saying that the statement in the society about personal credit reporting is false publicity, and its essence is to use it. The public deletes the urgent psychology of bad credit records. Based on promise to delete bad information, it will lose contact after charging high service fees. Not only can it not delete the disliked bad credit records, but also cause certain economic losses.

From teaching to fraud, it has become a "black industry chain"

At present, on some online platforms, some companies that are soliciting business under the "credit recruitment" gimmick are not uncommon. Even in industrial and commercial information, many companies include personal credit repair services and corporate credit management consulting services in the business scope.

On August 2nd, the reporter's inquiry data showed that there were as many as 8,991 storage status companies involving "credit recruitment".

The reporter contacted a number of credit reporting companies in the name of customers. They said that after the company paid, they helped customers repair credit reporting by applying for objections to some banks. For example, a staff member of a credit repair agency in Chongqing told reporters that now they can still repair personal credit reporting and repair the standard is 1000-1500 yuan each. The staff member said that the "method" they repaired was to allow customers to provide personal credit reports, related contracts, repayment flowing water and other information, and then helped customers to complain about credit objection. When it comes to whether this kind of business is illegal, she said, "We are completely legal and compliant, and professional people do professional things, just like some people find professional loan institutions to help for a smooth loan."

It can be seen that the essence of this "credit recovery" is to disagree with credit reporting. Those familiar with the matter said that in the process of appealing, in order to improve the success rate, they often use malicious complaints and other means to force financial institutions or data institutions to make concessions.

Treating this behavior, the national level has already strictly checked. In February 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission issued a notice saying that some criminals used some information subjects to eager to eliminate the psychology of bad credit records, confused the concept of credit reporting, and "credit repair, whitewashing, and shovel sheets", "levy", "levy" The name of the complaint and agency of faith objections is deceived, threatening the security of the people's property, and seriously disrupting the overall situation of the construction of the social credit system.

For such malicious complaints, some institutions have expressed their disruption. Guangzhou Green Network Environmental Protection Service Center (referred to as Green Network) is a non -profit environmental protection organization dedicated to pollution prevention. The director of the center told reporters to reporters that the center has established an environmental database through some official notifications, public judicial documents, etc. , And provide some credit reporting agencies.

He said that many banks now include poor environmental records in the enterprise in risk control indicators, and some related companies will be affected when loans and bidding. Therefore, some companies involved and some marketing agencies operating credit reporting business will find green nets and require delete data.

Xiang Chun said that when some companies found green nets before, 90 % of them would understand that they just expressed doubts about the purpose of collecting and sorting out these data on a social organization. Don't say anything. "This year, the number of intermediaries who came to delete information from Green Network has doubled several times. They are entrusted by some companies. In order to get the so -called deletion costs, they have a tough tone when they negotiate with us. In order to achieve their goals, they will treat green Various malicious complaints on the Internet. "According to Xiang Chun, these intermediaries use the cognitive blind zone of the enterprise to develop business. They usually take the initiative to pull the business and see which company has a bad environmental data after reasons such as relevant criminal proceedings or environmental protection penalties, and said that the company will have a negative impact because of the data, and then indicates that they can charge them to help them delete them to delete them. Essence

On July 23, the Chinese Court of Court published the article "Credit Repair" as a business ". The comment said that some institutions in the society have recruited business in the name of" credit repair "and" credit reporting ". With individuals, they promoted to delete bad information in credit reports, and even had a training course and opened a class to "teach". In fact, the so -called "credit repair" and "credit for credit" are not only scams, but also hidden other risks. Those so -called "credit recovery courses" are actually conducting malicious complaints through private seals and fake false materials, trying to achieve the purpose of repairing credit reporting.

The reporter found that currently on some network platforms, the recruitment of "Credit Repair Master" can still be found. In August 2020, a message posted by Xinxiang Jintin Credit Management Co., Ltd. showed that the company recruited "Credit Repairman" is 8,000 yuan and above (base salary+performance+commission). The work content is the customers who are responsible for receiving the credit consulting consultant, the completion of the daily system distribution of the telephone return task, the credit reporting of the customer through technology, and inviting customers to come to the door for inspection. A business query platform shows that the company has been canceled on May 12 this year.

The Economic Daily has reported that "advertising" in a WeChat group declares that it can get the "brand lesson" of "how to repair credit" for 19,800 yuan. After the students "class", they can not only "whitewash" their credit reporting records, but also make money by "credit recruitment" technology in the future. A person in charge of a credit reimbursement company located in Yichang, Hubei has told the media that "the company is recruiting agents. The franchise fee is divided into three levels: 9800 yuan, 39,800 yuan, and 59,800 yuan. How much is the credit, the agent can be determined by itself. Yichang's side, we fix a overdue credit receipt of 1,500 yuan. "

On April 21, 2021, a judgment made by the People's Court of Jinshui District, Zhengzhou City showed that Li Mouyang often published a successful case of "credit reimbursement" in the circle of friends. technology. Li Mouyang told them that a bank charged 4,000 yuan within 6 banks, and the company (Henan Zhonghe Credit Credit Service Co., Ltd., established by Zhao Mouchen and others, and has been canceled.) Success, and through regular and legal ways.

The final training fee set by Li Mouyang and Song Wang was 18,888 yuan, first pay 10,000 yuan, and then pay the remaining money after learning. After paying the tuition fee, when Song Mou and Wang Moumou went to Zhonghe Credit Reception training, he found that the company's teaching credit repair surgery was to compose a reason to deceive the bank. When the company implemented fraud, Zhao Mouchen and Li Mouyang had a clear division of labor. Li Mouyang was responsible for pulling customers' charges. Zhao Mouchen was responsible for teaching training. Zhao Mouchen confessed that the company promoted to help customers repair credit collection in a reasonable and legal way. In fact, it explained that some reasons to help customers "repair credit", including fake bank flows, fraudulent fakes, fake fraud Resident medical records and so on. The companies all charge fees before training. The franchise fee is 19,800 yuan, 59,800 yuan, and 180,000 yuan.

In the end, Zhao Mouchen and Li Mouyang were sentenced to six months in prison for criminal fraud and one year in probation.

According to Article 5 of the Management Measures for Credit Investment Institutions, the establishment of a personal credit reporting agency shall be approved by the People's Bank of China. According to Article 24 of the "Administrative Measures for the Record of Credit Credit Institutions", no organization shall engage in corporate credit reporting business by joining, agency, and suspension.

Strikes still have realistic problems

Many interviewees said that if companies or individuals have doubts about the content of the credit report, they can be resolved through legal channels, and the relevant channels are relatively transparent.

On January 21, 2013, the "Regulations on the Management of Credit Industry" issued by the State Council stipulates that "the information main body believes that the credit reporting agency is collected, preserved, and provided. Objury, require correction. "

The staff of the Credit Center of the People's Bank of China told reporters that (enterprise or individual) If there are objections to the overdue in the report, you can apply for objections through two channels: First, contact the credit institution yourself, if it meets the conditions of the institution, The institution can delete it. After receiving the data, the credit reporting center will be updated the next day. After receiving the letter, the objection will be conveyed to the relevant agencies to urge the agency to check and handle. Generally, 20 natural days will be given to reply, and the specific results shall be subject to the results of the institution's verification. Credit objection acceptance does not charge any fees. It is worth noting that bad information will not be recorded for life. According to Article 16 of the "Regulations on the Management of the Credit Industry", the credit period of the credit reporting agency on personal bad information is 5 years from the date when the bad behavior or the incident is terminated; if it exceeds 5 years, it shall be deleted. During the storage period of non -performing information, the main information can explain the bad information, and credit reporting agencies should be recorded.

Since the beginning of this year, the rectification of the chaos of "credit recruitment" on the national level has continued.

On March 16, the General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Notice on the Special Governance of the Repairing Credit Repair" issues, stating that the object of governance was mainly to use "credit recovery" and "credit reporting white". False propaganda, unreasonable complaints, fake materials, malicious complaints and other means to deceive money or personal information, and seriously disrupt market entities that seriously disrupt the market order.

The central bank also issued the "Notice on the" 100 Days Action "of the" Council of Credit Repairing "chaos in chaos", which requires this work nationwide from mid -March to late June 2022 to late June.

Recently, the relevant results of this operation were reported in many places. Up to now, branches at all levels of Hebei Province have investigated 323 companies involving "credit", and instructed 220 companies to complete the rectification of enterprises suspected of "credit recovery" business, clean up 8 advertisements for illegal "Credit Repair" advertisements, 61 Family companies have completed the change of industrial and commercial information, 33 companies are canceled, 31 companies are included in the company's abnormal business list, and 112 enterprises are transferred to the market supervision department for investigation and punishment.

On July 28, Liu Aihua, Deputy Director of the Credit Management Office of the Wuhan Branch of the People's Bank of China, introduced at the news ventilation meeting that as of mid -July, Hubei Province promoted 731 corporate institutions with the word "credit reporting", of which the change was changed or operated. The scope of 319, canceled 93, included 319 abnormal business lists; 14 cities and states have been cleared. Hubei has no institutions that actually engage in and propaganda to carry out the "credit reimbursement" business.

Some interviewed industry insiders said that in recent years, the relevant departments have been hitting the "credit reporting" scams in recent years, but there are still cases of cases, and there are some reality, such as insufficient departmental linkage, and some banks have "inner ghosts". The amount of such scams is often not high, and the police pay attention to insufficient attention.

The person in charge of a credit reporting agency in Beijing told reporters that when combating some blessing scams and trafficking cases, multi -department joint operations often occur, and the "credit reporting" scam does not do enough in the joint operation of the department, so that the strike is relatively lacking Essence In addition, the amount involved in such cases is often small, and the tricks of scammers are very hidden, and the detection is more difficult, resulting in insufficient subjective willingness to crack down on relevant departments.

In an interview with the media, a special researcher at the Intellectual Property Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law stated that if the credit reimbursement company passed illegal methods, such as collusion with the people inside the bank and proposed a fake objection, the bank was restored, which was an illegal act. He said that if a legal civil agent method, it is not illegal to propose objections in accordance with the "Regulations on the Management of the Credit Credit Industry", but if the trustee does not have the qualifications of credit reporting, it will be repaired by credit reporting, whitewashing credit, overdue shovel, False propaganda in the guise of single waiting for, and violations of laws such as fake bank flowing, tampering with information, and fabrication of force majeure incidents, etc., not only face civil liability and administrative penalties, but also may touch criminal liability in criminal law in criminal law. Essence

Liu Xingcheng, a partner of Beijing Zhongyong Law Firm and a financial lawyer, told reporters that "credit recovery" or "credit reporting" scam will lead to "inferior coins expel good coins" and make credit reporting from the financial market lose credit. The "black swan" that causes the financial market information distortion, and even the financial market, so it should deal with it in accordance with the law.

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