How many people are in prison in China?

"Everyone in it is all talented, speaks nicely, and likes it in it."

In 2012, when Zhou Liqi, who was later nicknamed "Steal Guevara" by netizens, said this famous saying, the viewer may only feel outrageous, but in fact, to some extent, there is really no wrong.

1

In May 2020, a car in Yixian County, Anhui was stolen by a "car door". When the suspect Xu committed the crime again, he was arrested by the police.

As a person who has just been released, Xu, who was caught again, did not panic. When the police asked, he complained that the "working environment" worsen: "Now most of them use mobile phone Alipay without cash, not easy to do. "So he had to see if he could" pick up ":" Some car owners are also careless and unlocked (door), which can be done. "

Not only that, this dear also strongly demanded that the people's court can give him a re -judgment, because the sentence period is too short and not enough: "The last time I was detained was too short, and I could not take the sewing technical society. I hope the people this time will this time. The court can give me a heavy and take the sewing machine's technical society. "

Faced with such a requirement, the crowd watched the crowd for a moment, should he scold him repeatedly or not, or should he boast that he has a motivation?

And considering that Xu was sentenced to one year and six months, it was hard to say if he had not mastered the sewing machine technology.

However, Xu is obviously not the first person to go to prison to learn a craft.

In November 2017, 45 -year -old Wang was under the hospital's monitoring camera and did not make any camouflage. He stole three mobile phones. In order to ensure that he was unattainable, he repeatedly used his ID card to leave his identity information in many baths and hotels in Shanghai, for fear that the police would not be able to catch himself quickly.

After catching him, the police discovered that Wang's cultural level was quite acceptable. He also worked as an English tutor. As for why he had to embark on the road of crime, the reason behind this was a bit complicated.

This buddy claims to like singing very much, and he often sells singing in the People's Square in Shanghai, which means that he is a corner. But selling singing in the People's Square obviously could not satisfy his artistic ambitions. In order to go to a bigger stage, he participated in the draft show everywhere, and the whole army was overwhelmed.

Fortunately, there is no way to heaven. He accidentally heard that there is a choir in Shanghai Titan Bridge Prison. "He revealed that the choir of the Titian Bridge Prison is very high and can learn the real art. Entering this prison ".

As long as you can successfully go to jail, you can not only join the choir, but also visit the major prisons.

Thinking of such a big stage waiting for himself, the excitement Wang began his own criminal path. Before he was caught in 2018, he had stolen things for more than ten years. He was detained and sentenced to imprisonment, but he could not be able to join the choir at once.

Of course, this brother's brain circuit is so clear that there is no reason. After judicial identification, he suffers from mild schizophrenia.

But then again, although Wang's idea is incredible, it is really not accurate to say that it is a thorough delusion.

Because in prisons from all over my country, many handicrafts and even artists have really been born.

2

Wang Mou dreamed that he wanted to enter the Xinan Art Troupe, which wanted to enter the Basin Bridge Prison. Coincidentally, the wall of the Shanghai Metro Line 12 of the Basin Bridge Station was just posted on the wall.

Because the choir in the Basin Bridge Prison is too famous, many people say that this five -line score should not be to pay tribute to the Xinan Art Troupe?

The possibility of paying tribute to the art troupe is minimal, but the Xin'an Art Troupe is indeed a long -established veteran art troupe.

Prior to the establishment of the art troupe, the Titian Bridge Prison will regularly hold literary and artistic activities. In 1985, the prison simply organized a prisoner to form a new shore art troupe to transform the prisoners with artistic corrections.

Ding Jun, director of the Third Supervision District of Titian Bridge Prison, said that when the new prisoner was diverted to various prisons, the police would encourage people with artistic or interested people to enter the art troupe. Subsequently, the Titian Bridge Prison will evaluate the prisoner to determine that his behavior is standardized, confessing the guilty attitude. If the prisoner is qualified, even if there is no music foundation, he can also enter the art troupe.

In addition to the chorus, there are also activities such as cross talk, sketches, musical instrument performances, and dance in the art troupe. According to Huang Jun, the deputy supervisor area of ​​the San Supervision District, the most popular is the size of the chorus. , Emotional release is better. "

Of course, in addition to satisfying the art pursuit of another way, the craftsmanship in the prison is also a variety of, otherwise Xu will not want to go back to learn to step on the sewing machine.

For criminals without music dreams, Qingpu Prison in Shanghai may be more suitable.

In 1994, in order to carry out art correction projects, Qingpu Prison established Qingliu Jade Eagle Studio in the sixth prison area.

After the early training at 8 o'clock, the prison will organize the prisoners to go to the Xiyi field to start labor Xi. Except for lunch break and meal time, most of the day stay in the studio to practice technology.

Among these people, there are robbers, theft prisoners, and even scammers and murderers, but in the studio, you can only hear the sound of carving.

At the beginning, most of the works of the studio were simple jade processing, which basically belonged to closed doors, and it was a bit unable to take it.

In 2013, Ni Li, a 30 -year -old prison guard, came to Qingpu Prison. The university major was the appraisal of the treasure jade appraisal. He was immediately pulled by the old policeman who managed the jade carving workshop and upgraded the studio brand. Ni Lili had to bite his head for a few months, and he was crazy for several months to polish his craftsmanship. Driven by his promotion, Jade Carving Studio joined the Shanghai Baoyu Industry Association, and has a fixed theory and practical courses every week. At the same time, the teaching method of the studio is also improving. The skilled old prisoners who are skilled to teach newcomers to get started. "Our studio has a 11 -year -old prisoner who has been a jade carving, and all aspects of skills are already very senior."

Not only that, Ni Lili also contacted the teachers of Tongji University, inviting these professors and jade carving masters to prison to teach the prisoners, and teach them how to design and how to engraving them.

To be honest, even if this teaching lineup is outside the prison, I am afraid that there are few studios to catch up.

Teachers are so luxurious that the teaching effect will not be bad.

In May 2013, the two works of Jade Carving Studio "Tongzi Drama Fish" and "Nanhu" won the silver and excellent awards in the fifth jade sculpture "Yulong Award" in Shanghai. In 2014, "Lotus Boys" won the best creative award. In 2015 and 2016, a total of 6 works won the bronze and excellent awards, respectively.

From the torture of the jade carving, three were rated as a master of jade carvings and inheritors of the intangible cultural heritage. According to many years of tracking statistics, none of the nearly 300 people who have returned to the society to study jade carvings have sinned again, and more than 80 % of the criminal release staff are still engaged in jade carvings and related industries.

Among these people, some people even opened their own studios, and took the business of Chongming Island with their excellent techniques: "Now all wall paintings and paintings on Chongming Island are painted by our team."

In addition to Haipai jade carvings, the prisoners also have the opportunity to learn the intangible cultural heritage "Songjiang Gu Xiu" in Qingpu Prison.

The work of the student Wang Zhu was strongly praised by Mr. Zhu Qinghua, the inheritor of Gu Xiu, and was collected by the Songjiang Cultural Museum. When he was released, he directly obtained a letter of employment issued by the Office of the Intogenous Cultural Heritage of Songjiang District and became a non -genetic inheritor.

The reason why there are so many non -heritage projects are inseparable from national policy support.

On June 28, 2018, the Ministry of Justice of my country held a national prison work conference to propose political transformation as the leader to coordinate the promotion of political transformation, supervision and transformation, education transformation, cultural reconstruction, and labor transformation. Create a new situation in prison work in the new era. Subsequently, a variety of "non -heritage" began to introduce a large number of transformation of prisons.

Of course, the non -heritage inheritance has been closely integrated with the labor transformation of the prison before that.

Take Fujian, for example, in 2021, the province's prison introduced 105 traditional cultural skills. After comparative screening, 68 "non -heritage" projects in the national, provincial and municipal -level "non -heritage" were determined. Participants participating in the training include 19 "non -heritage" inheritors collective, 75 "non -heritage" project inheritors, and more than 300 "non -heritage" cultural heritage and protection experts.

Many non -heritage skills were facing the danger of loss for various reasons, but they found the inheritance among the prisoners.

In addition to Shanghai, Fujian, Shandong, Zhejiang, Hebei and other places are also vigorously promoting local non -heritage participation in prison transformation. Fuzhou Software Painting Skills, Quanzhou Dehua Ceramics Painting, Longyan Hakka Mountain Songs, Lu Xiu, Zharan Dye, Pujiang Mai Stake Cutting Painting, Cangzhou Lion Dance, more and more non -heritage blooms in prison.

It can be said that as various craftsmanship participates in the transformation of prisons across the country, Chinese prisons are indeed "all talents", and non -genetic inheritors are simply produced in batches.

Without him, because the "labor transformation" of the New China prison system is by no means an empty words. The "bad guy" can be better relying on the level of understanding and the improvement of labor skills. "

3

In June 1928, the Labor Institute of Labor Sales Institute of Puyang County, the first county in the Central Soviet Area, was established. The supervision work of the Elementary Academy adheres to Fang Zhimin's concept: "Except for a few crimes and evils are not enough to be enough to be indignant, the rest can be caught together to concentrate on labor transformation, so that they regret their self -renewal and re -people."

Although the war was flying and the social turmoil at that time, the influence institute still seriously emphasized that "the work of the prisoner was the main part of the Labor Institute, and it should be paid special attention."

In 2004, a family book of the Labor Institute of Workers in the Soviet Union was discovered. The prisoner named Zhang Youxing wrote a letter to his father and asked him to send himself clothes:

Father:

Let's send it to you. Now in the Provincial Soviet Labor Institute, there are no clothing applications. Please send it for your children.

Four in the new (old) pants, cotton (cotton jackets) and plus clothes (shirts), three pieces of sweat, cotton trousers (one), and are served (one) double and cotton cloth and cotton cloth Socks are double; foreign socks are (one) double, Tao (set) shoes B (one) double, tailor (family private) division B (one) father (vice), umbrella B (one) handle Bag) B (one), and hemp (annoyance), please be a cloth for your child. However, this Duo Dong and West Economic State (Put) is in Luoyuan Village Su Bingfa's family (Li). Please go to the (receipt) letter to send someone to send it. Please! Judging from the content of the family book, Zhang Youxing was most worried about his lack of clothes and can contact his family freely. This was unique in the Chinese prison at the time.

This is also reflected in Mao Zedong's "Report at the Second National Soviet Congress" in January 1934:

On the one hand, the Soviet court severely suppressed the activities of counter -revolutionaries, and Soviets should never have the slightest procharity about these molecules. But on the other hand, for the prisoners who are already arrested, they are prohibited from all inhumane treatment. The Soviet Central Government has explicitly announced the abolition of meat punishment. Essence

Such a concept is not a personal view, but a consensus within the party.

In May 1941, Lin Boqu, the chairman of Shaanxi -Gansu -Ningbian District, stated in a government work report: "The reason why prisoners are willing to be prisoners are mainly because society does not treat him as a person and to restore his personality. 'beginning."

In October 1945, Wang Ziyi, the dean of the High Court of the Border District, said at the second judicial meeting: "What is prisoner? It is ordinary people who have committed the law. It is also a person. Our judicial worker cannot treat the prisoners inapping. If you do n’t look at it, this view is wrong. "

The implementation of this concept is no exception to treat Japanese war criminals.

From 1948 to 1952, the Communist Party of China arrested 140 Japanese war criminals. In 1950, according to the agreement reached by the Sino -Soviet countries, the Soviet government transferred 969 Japanese war criminals who had war in China to the New Chinese government.

Regarding these war criminals, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed a clear policy and policy: combining punishment and generosity, combining labor transformation and ideological education, combining political struggle with the implementation of revolutionary humanitarianism, based on the education and transformation of war criminals, so that they bowed their heads to confess their guilty guilty , Change evil and be good, re -become a person. The Fushun Management Office strictly implements the "three guarantees" policies to "ensure that personality is not insulted, guarantees living conditions, and guarantees physical health."

From June to July 1956, the Supreme People's Court made public trials on Japanese war criminals who had served as senior positions. All trial war criminals denied crimes and none of them asked for pardon. Instead, they bowed or kneeling and requested severe punishment. Gu Haizhong, the second director of the Puppet Manchuria General Affairs Department, stated in court: "I have committed a crime that human beings cannot allow in China to ask the Chinese people to punish me to educate the latter generation of Japan."

Except for 45 people's sentence and 1 person's illness, more than a thousand Japanese war criminals were released in batches.

After these war criminals returned to Japan, they established the "China Return Liaison Meeting" and established branches in all parts of Japan to carry out activities to oppose aggression and expose the crimes of war. The Japanese people shocked a lot.

4

As for the means of renovation, the most basic is to participate in labor.

After the founding of New China, the "Decision of the Third National Public Security Conference" in 1954 clearly states: "A large number of prisoners who should be sentenced to imprisonment are a great labor force. The counter -revolutionary criminals must immediately organize labor transformation work. "

The "three for" prison work policy was formally established to combine labor and transformation, rather than simply punishment and revenge.

In the process of initially promoting labor transformation, some light transformation of production of heavy production and over -time labor had emerged.

In August 1964, the Party Central Committee clearly stated in the "Report on the Spirit of the Sixth National Labor Reform Work Conference" in the Ministry of Public Security. Combining, transformation first, production second policy ", since then," transformation first, production second "as the work policy of my country's transformation of criminals.

In addition to labor, Chinese prison management also has a continuous concept of inheritance -attaching importance to education. In addition to the technical training mentioned earlier, this kind of education also includes cultural education.

According to the report of the High Court of the High Court on January 6, 1945, "the prisoner entered the prison, although it was restricted to freedom, as far as the educational life they passed, the prison was enrolled." The prisoner was in prison. " There are "three major courses": life education, political education, and cultural education. Among them, the main content of cultural education is teaching and knowledge, lectures, studying, reading books and newspapers, writing backgrounds, and social common sense.

In 1960, Mao Zedong pointed out when he met the American journalist Snow, "Our prison is not a past prison. Our prison is actually a school, a factory, or a farm."

By the end of 2000, 96.37%of the prison in the country had become a special school. A total of more than 3.116 million criminals across the country obtained the cultural completion and graduation certificate at all levels. Thirty patented projects. In just 2018, there were 44,1926 criminals participating in cultural education and learning. There were 11,5246 criminals who obtained various cultural education certificates. Among them, 25,346 people were obtained from the Blind Certificate, 4,8065 were obtained by the primary school graduation certificate, 35,116 were obtained by junior high school graduation certificates, and 6,060 people received high school graduation certificates. There were 19,605 criminals who passed the individual subjects of higher education self -study examinations.

As for vocational training, there were 45,7442 people who actually participated in vocational and technical education in 2018, 233,714 those who obtained vocational skills certificates, 51.9%of the certification rate, 20,5114 people who obtained vocational skills certificates, 72.82%of the certificate obtaining permits were 72.82% Essence

Among them, it includes prisoners of intangible cultural heritage such as jade carving and embroidery mentioned earlier.

However, even if there is a choir in the prison, it is impossible to let the prisoners start a tour in it.

Ding Jun Ding Jun, the head of the Third Supervision District of Titian Bridge Prison, said in an interview: "The establishment of the art troupe is to make the prisoner better transform and achieve the purpose of" torture semester ", making them more conscious, more peaceful, reduced or even eradicated The possibility of illegal crimes. Star halo never exists. "

As for the intentional crime to join the choir, the Basin Bridge Prison has excluded this possibility when responding to Wang's behavior:

The prison is a state's punishment executive authority, and the responsibilities are for the criminal's punishment for the criminal according to the judgment of the people's court! The "Prison Law of the People's Republic of China" stipulates that prisons have transformed criminals into law -abiding citizens.

Native

At the same time, the prisoners entering the art troupe are not only based on personal interests, but they must go through a whole set of scientific assessment. The confession is the premise, and the reconstruction of ideas is the core! Those who are inferior to those who are inferior to the previous subjects and lack of self -knowledge of sin and errors are impossible to enter the prison art troupe at all.

Therefore, like this "thief" who has repeatedly caught and repeatedly regrets repentance, there is such an idea and behavior of entering the prison art troupe, which is tantamount to "idiot saying dreams" and "heaven and night"!

The prison staff worked hard to transform the prisoners and want to let them re -integrate into the society as soon as possible. Suddenly seeing these people who thought in, they didn't know what they would feel.

Even the "Steal Guevara" who is impossible to work has begun to work hard. The elder brother with various crooked ideas should no longer think of how to increase the task to the management and labor reform of prisons.

Reference materials:

Li Yuqian: "The Road to Develop the Successful Development of Criminal Reform of the New China Prison"

Wang Xuefeng: "Reconstruction as a" historical mission ": source flow and value -the characteristics of the 100 -year -old Chinese prison work of the party"

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Wang Haipeng: "The Thought of Mao Zedong Reform Criminals"

Red Star News: "Visit the" Thief for 10 Years of theft ", the prison art troupe that wants to mix in: the crime cannot be entered"

Observer.com: "Porcelain engraving, paper -cutting, velvet embroidery ... Prisoners can still learn" non -heritage "in prison"

Legal System Daily: "He takes 34 prisoners to engage in jade and carving heart"

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