[Academic Baijia] Zhou Yuanbing: Building of Marxist Ethics Discipline

Zhou Yuanbing (1915-1995), Anhui Tianchang, formerly known as Zhou Yuanbin, is a famous Marxist ethicist. In 1939, he joined the Communist Party of China. From 1940 to 1948, he successively served as Secretary -General of Tianchang Democratic Government, the Political Department of the Political Department of the Fifth Army of the New Fourth Army, the chief of the United Front Leadership of the Fifth Brigade of the New Fourth Army, Secretary of the Huainan Base Tian Gao Office, Deputy Secretary of the Party Group, Secretary of the Party Group, Gaoyou Democratic Government County Mayor, Acting Commissioner of the Eastern Department of Huainan Road, Secretary -General of the Executive Cadre School of the Jiangsu and Anhui Border District Government, director of the Department of Administrative Department of East China Construction University and Secretary of the Party Branch. Since then, a group of experts, professors and actors have been withdrawn to Dalian, and they need to be renamed Zhou Yuanbing because of their work. In 1949, he served as the captain of the Jinan Brigade of the Nanda Cadre Column and prepared the party school of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee. After the liberation of Shanghai, he served as the director and secretary -general of the Party School of the Party School of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee. In 1953, he served as the vice president and party secretary of the Shanghai Executive Cadre School. In 1956, he was the editor -in -chief of "Academic Monthly". From 1962 to 1966, he served as Deputy Secretary -General of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and the deputy editor -in -chief of the "Uncontroller Draft". In 1979, he served as the vice president and professor of East China Normal University, and established the Master of Ethics and Ethics Teaching and Research Office of East China Normal University. In 1980, he participated in the establishment of the establishment of the Chinese Ethics Society, served as Vice President, and served as the first chairman of the Shanghai Ethics Association. Zhou Yuanbing has strived to promote communist morality and research moral science since the late 1940s. In the 1940s and 1950s, Zhou Yuanbing wrote a series of extensive printed works such as "On the Popular Concepts and the Line of the Mass", "Learning Perspective and Learning Methods", and "Modesty and Pride", which has a profound influence among young readers. He adheres to the excellent style of theoretical connection, from "Cultivating the Communist Ethics of Youth" published in 1956, to the "Collection of Moral Issues" published in 1964 to the "Communist Ethical General Theory" published in 1986. Zhou Yuanbing has always been always published He is committed to using the principles of Marxism to carry out moral science research, and "made immortal achievements for creating and building the discipline of Marxist ethics in my country" (Zhu Yiting).

Zhou Yuanbing is a Marxist ethicist with a firm communist belief. He joined the Anti -Japanese War in his early years and joined the Communist Party of China. He sincerely devoted himself to the propaganda and research of Marxist morality. He is the author of 20 monographs and more than 400 articles. He is a researcher and practitioner of communist morality. He is also the founder and leader of ideological and political education. He cares about the moral practice of youth growth and society, and has made a lifelong effort to the development of socialist morality and the development of Marxist ethics, and has made a major contribution to the construction of Marxist moral science (Marxist ethics) in my country.

Revolutionary of Cong Rong

In 1932, 17 -year -old Zhou Yuanbin graduated from Tianchang County Junior High School and stayed as a clerk and book administrator. At that time, he may never have thought that he would become one of the many outstanding Communists who came out of this "cradle of the revolutionary thought".

In 1934, the Kuomintang arrested the Communist Party members to step up the suppression and destruction of the southern Soviet red regime. At this critical juncture, Zhou Yuanbin resolutely joined the Communist Youth League and officially embarked on the road of revolution. He first participated in the establishment of advanced publications such as "Today" and "Preparation", and then went to Shanghai to work while working while working to participate in the anti -Japanese rescue activities. In 1936, Mei Shijun, a worker of the Shanghai Dakang yarn factory, was beaten by the Japanese supervisor, which aroused the strike of the workers of the yarn factory. At that time, Zhou Yuanbin published the article "Do not ignore the traitor -the traitor of the traitors" in the "Zhou Shi Qiu Qiu" as the pseudonym, calling on the traitor of the traitor to clearly destroy the strike. After the outbreak of the "August 13th" Songhu Battle in 1937, Zhou Yuanbin, who was unemployed, spontaneously propagated to residents to rescue the anti -Japanese rescue. After the Battle of Songhu, he returned to Tianchang County at the end of the year and devoted himself to local anti -Japanese work. In early 1938, Zhou Yuanbin led a group of young people to Yunyang, Shaanxi to participate in the war youth training class sponsored by the Communist Party of China. During this period, he studied the theory of Marxism -Leninism, and participated in teaching practical activities with the main content of camping training and organizing the people's anti -Japanese war, which enriched his experience in revolutionary struggle. After the youth training class, Zhou Yuanbin returned to his hometown to participate in the organization of the youth training class and the heavenly youth to save the Congress during the long -term war, and served as the chairman of the rescue parliament to promote the establishment of a number of anti -Japanese war publications to promote and launch the people to participate in the War of Resistance. At that time, he and Xu Suzhi founded the Oil Printing Pass "Magazine Weekly", which had a significant impact on Tianchang County and adjacent counties in the heavenly anti -Japanese activities.

In May 1939, Zhou Yuanbin, who had participated in the local armed struggle, heard that the New Fourth Army entered the territory of Tianchang County, and took the initiative to find the advanced troops of the New Fourth Army into the east of Jinpu Road. Zhu Shaoqing, who was the former commissioner of Jinpu Road East of the Jiangsu and Anhui Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China, introduced the political situation and anti -Japanese situation of Tianchang County, and handed him a list of progressive youths in Tianchang County. According to Zhu Shaoqing, Zhou Yuanbin was "the most active and active at the time, and there were many situations that provided many good conditions for our army to carry out work." In October of the same year, Zhou Yuanbin joined the Communist Party of China. In early 1940, he was ordered to work in the Fifth Detachment of the New Fourth Army. In April, he was instructed by Deng Zi to return to Tianchang County to find the county party committee. In July, he was transferred back to the Political Department of the Five Detachments of the New Fourth Army, and under the leadership of Zhang Jinfu, he served as the chief of the propaganda stock chief. After the Southern Anhui Incident in 1941, the five detachments were adapted into the five brigades of the New Fourth Army, and Zhou Yuanbin served as the head of the United Front of the Political Department and the chief of the Democratic Games Section. In the meantime, he and Hu Shaoqing, the director of the Political Division of the Fourteenth Regiment, led the Minnan area of ​​Lingfeng County. In more than two years after 1943, Zhou Yuanbin successively served as Secretary of the Huainan Base Land, Deputy Secretary and Secretary of the Party Group, Gaoyou County Democratic Government County Chief, Deputy Director of the Finance and Economics Office of the Huainan Administration Office and the Finance and East Department of Huainan Road. Long, contributed to the construction and development of the Huainan Anti -Japanese Base Land. On August 15, 1945, Japan announced an unconditional surrender. In the same month, Zhou Yuanbin was promoted to the deputy commissioner and agent commissioner of the Huainan Road East Department (the Third Special Affairs Office of the Jiangsu and Anhui Border District Government). He was mainly responsible for chairing Luodong's fiscal tax and supporting the food transportation of Luxi. In July of the following year, the Kuomintang began to attack the Huainan Liberation Zone. Zhou Yuanbin withdrew from the north with the army, and was appointed as Secretary -General of the Executive Cadre School of the Government Cadre of the Jiangsu and Anhui Border Area. In 1947, the cadre school was incorporated into the later East China Construction University. Zhou Yuanbin served as the director and secretary of the party branch of the university. After that, he led a group of experts and professors and actors to withdraw from Dalian. In 1948, Weifang was liberated. Zhou Yuanbin was able to return to Shandong and stayed as the head of the Cadre Education Department of the Propaganda Department of the Jinan Municipal Party Committee to be responsible for cultural publication.

Since entering the revolutionary path in 1934, Zhou Yuanbin gradually completed the transformation from knowledge youth to communist warriors under the refinement of the Anti -Japanese War and the Liberation War. In the meantime, in addition to carrying guns, he also accumulated rich experience in revolutionary struggle in various fields such as administration, education, economy, and propaganda. This laid a certain foundation for his later education and academic research.

Progressive youth cither

During Dalian, Zhou Yuanbin was renamed Zhou Yuanbing. During this period, he read a lot of Marxism -Leninist works, and wrote books such as "Young Concerption", "On the Concept of the Mass and the Line of the Mass". Since then, Zhou Yuanbing has started research on Marxist morality and ideals.

"Youth Cultivation" was published in 1949. Zhou Yuanbing combined with personal growth experience and talked about 11 specific problems that were easily solved in youth cultivation (such as "self -transformation of knowledge youth", "learning", "progress", "honesty", "mass" "Career concept", etc.). Through in -depth discussions, he pointed out that the fundamental problem of youth cultivation is "the problem of the masses and the mass line", and the key to solving the problem lies in the "revolutionary practice". This understanding is rooted in his insight into the idea of ​​"the concept of the masses and the mass line". In his opinion, this proposition "talks about the major issues, opinions, and methods of life in life". Only by deeply understanding its connotation can we have positive actions, and only in action can we gradually experience it. Therefore, he called on young people to "act bravely." In addition, he also pointed out in the "On the Concept of the Mass and the Line" that the leader should not be regarded as a natural "sage". The leader is also one of the masses, and is the mentor of the masses, not a special figure. To this end, he called on young people to regard themselves as parts of the masses and unify their personal interests with the interests of the masses.

During this period, Zhou Yuanbing was guided by Marxist thought, and he used the easy -to -understand words to tell the young people to young people. Later, some people recalled: "Among the 40s of knowledge youths in the 1940s, many were in a series of works of Comrade Zhou Yuanbing's cultivation of youth, and they accepted advanced ideas and embarked on the road of revolution ... Comrade Yuan Bing was a young student at that time. One of his favorite authors, his early works "This Year", "Revolutionary Revolution of Angry", etc., have won the hearts of young readers with their simple characteristics. "Professor Qiu Weiguang, founder of the ideological and political education major of East China Normal University, believes that Mr. Zhou Yuanbing believes that "It is the pioneer of ideological and political education majors and leaders." However, in Zhou Yuanbing's view, he always "thinks with friends with the qualifications of a young man, and he dares not to be so arrogant to educate people." He hopes that he may not only "may be helpful for young friends", but also "look forward to reading this book with a research attitude, and warmly teach positive". Go to learn from the masses together. "" I'm still very shallow, I need to exercise myself with everyone! "

In the 1950s and 1960s, Zhou Yuanbing continued to write about the moral cultivation and moral education of young people. While holding a monograph to the public, he gradually deepened his understanding of communist morality and ideals. From "Learning Perspectives and Learning Methods in 1950" to 1954 "On the Differences and Essentials of Destroying Brain Works and Psychological Work", and "Modesty and Pride" in 1955 A targeted insights are proposed. In the early 1950s, my country won successively in terms of further resistance and construction of socialism. In the hot -selling work at the time, Zhou Yuanbing provided a set of conceptual weapons for the people to break the compassion. He talked about the ancient training of "full damage and humility", and elaborated the modest quality of communism popularly and systematically, and understood the root cause and harm of pride and complacent. He reminded readers that "the party's history vividly tells us: maintaining a humble spirit and preventing and overcoming the production and growth of pride, we must pay attention at all times." This book later was reprinted 8 times, 18 times, and the total circulation reached 3 million copies. There were translations of Russian translations and the four ethnic language of the Russian, DPRK, Mongolian, Tibetan, and Uyghur ethnic minorities. The big. On the basis of preliminary research, in the book "Cultivating Youth Communist Ethics" published in 1956, Zhou Yuanbing systematically answered "What is morality", "What is communist morality" and "how to cultivate youth communist morality" These three issues. At that time, a comment article published in the "Reading Monthly News" believes that Zhou Yuanbing's book is rare "the work that combines the reality of our country and systematically explains communist morality". Big". In the same year, when the business was extremely busy, Zhou Yuanbing also squeezed out the book "Talking about Loyalty and Honesty". On the basis of absorbing the representative point of view at the time, the book further deepened the discussion of Zhou Yuanbing's early period of youth cultivation and communist morality. In his opinion, loyalty and honesty are the concept of communist moral concepts in dealing with individuals and collective relations, people and people, people, speech and action relationships. honest.

For Zhou Yuanbing, these writing are both propaganda and research, but also exchanges and progress with readers. In the writing of moral cultivation articles, Zhou Yuanbing always wrote, self -spurring, and always alert himself not to fall into the mud of "different words and deeds". Therefore, he always emphasized that writing such articles in his own is not for the "lesson", but to realize "encouraging and advancing with readers."

Marxist moral science pioneer

Since September 1956, Zhou Yuanbing has successively served as the editor -in -chief of the Academic Monthly, the deputy editor -in -chief of the "Uncontroller Draft", and the Deputy Secretary -General of the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee. In addition to busy work, he published works such as "Bullet" and "Constantly Revolutionary theory", and compiled systematic research on communist moral science. In 1964, he published the Collection of Moral Issues.

This collection discusses the research objects, scope and methods of Marxist moral science, the social root of morality, formation, and development, the reaction of morality on the existence of society, the changes in the content and form of morality in history, and the classicality of morality, etc. question. Zhou Yuanbing believes that "before the influence of class and class has completely eliminated, moral science is one of the most direct sciences with class struggles." In his opinion, although Marxism -Leninism is also a product of class struggle, it has three distinctive characteristics that are fundamentally different from any ethical and moral theory in history: First, it publicly announces that it is the class of the proletariat. The interests of the struggle; second, it is full of the revolutionary spirit of never failing; third, it is a high combination of science and practicality. Only by grasping and combining these three characteristics can we truly grasp the spiritual essence of Marxist Leninist moral science and enable this science to play its due role in the proletarian revolutionary struggle. Compared with the previously talked about with youth, the articles included in this collection are more theoretical. It is his attempt to discuss moral science by Marxist theory. Scientific attention. The book has been printed twice and issued 210,000 copies, which has produced an important role in the establishment of Chinese Marxist ethics disciplines.

In 1966, "Collection of Moral Issues" was being re -quoted, but as Zhou Yuanbing's later poems said, "waiting for the spring through the garden, the sudden wind and rain" - "Cultural Revolution" interrupted his theoretical research the road. Zhou Yuanbing was deprived of the right to study and writing, but the rights he thought could not be deprived. According to Gu Rongjian, the lover of Zhou Yuanbing, in the days of being detained in the "Bull Shed", he was not allowed to do anything except to write "explanation", so he "recall and review the mathematical formulas learned when he was young. Reflect that the previous academic views and conceive the next discussion. " For Zhou Yuanbing, "it is this harsh reality that has made me strengthen the belief of studying communist morality on the one hand; on the one hand, it has discovered that many of the previous discussions about communist morality may not really be in line with objective reality, nor may they be true. Combined with the basic principles of Marxism. " Later, according to real life, he rethinks many of the previous views, "gradually formed a seemingly systematic view", which is the embryonic of "Communist Ethical Theory". As the research results of the "Sixth Five -Year Plan" of the National Philosophy and Social Sciences, the "Communist Moral Plug -in" was published in 1986. It can be said that Zhou Yuanbing's sublimation of the previous personal research on Marxist moral science. In the book, he determined the emergence of morality, connotation, historical development, and his interactive relationship with social development, and analyzed the essence, principles and uniqueness of communist morality. In the book, he put forward a series of original insights. For example, first, socialist morality is a concrete manifestation of communist morality in the stage of socialism. It cannot be separated from the two, and it is said that this is the basic principle that Marxist ethics workers must adhere to; second, use Engels’s’s’s’s’s’s’s from Engels. Historical synergy theory and creatively put forward the "symbolism theory" of moral formation and development, which has a very important methodological significance for analyzing the moral phenomenon of reality. Foundation, good is the core requirements, beauty is a reinforcement and purifier; fourth, reflect on collectivism, and in -depth interpretation of collectivism in accordance with Marxist views. The relationship between the relationship is explained. These explorations further triggered the in -depth thinking of collectivism in the theoretical community and promoted the deepening development of theory; fifth, the first time the labor and truth -seeking were incorporated into the basic principles of communist morality, and on this basis, his communist morality was completed Four basic principles doctrine.

Among the nearly 500,000 words of Yangyang, there are endless ideas. It is difficult to imagine that this book is mainly written after he experienced gastric resection in 1982. "Communist Ethics Theory" is the fruitful results of Zhou Yuanbing's exploring the truth and adhering to the truth, highlighting his enthusiasm and courage in his academic career full of thorns and mud.

Ethics of the Pulse Age

Before completing the theory of Communist Morality, Zhou Yuanbing also published the theory of moral issues in 1983, which included 17 articles in the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party to June 1983, The content of the collection is closely related to the background background of the era, social thoughts, and different views of the ethics community, which reflects Zhou Yuanbing's re -understanding of ethical and Marxist moral science during this period. In his own words, "Cong Theory" itself may not be precise, but it can also be seen from this for more than three years, my country's ideological community is mainly the context of the development of ethics and moral science. " At that time, people's comments on the book believe that it "shows the righteousness of an old Communist Party member", and Zhou Yuanbing's "calm and calm, unremitting fighting spirit is always worthy of our learning."

While systematically studying the theory of communist morality, he also actively paid attention to and responded to the moral confusion in social reality. In the "Difficulties and Exploration of the current Moral Theoretical" published in 1991, he tried to answer the three major confusion in front of the people: First, how should the communist morality in the primary stage of socialism be viewed? Second, how should we look at the role of morality and morality under the economic conditions? Third, how should we look at the principles of collectivism under the requirements of subjective initiative? Zhou Yuanbing believes that in order to adhere to the exploration of truth, you need to keep up with the new problems raised by the times and research era under the guidance of the historical materialism.

In addition to answering moral confusion, Zhou Yuanbing also analyzed and judged some specific moral issues at the time. For example, in the face of the ideological atmosphere of "looking at money", he believes that in the initial stage of socialism, "cannot be prohibited from the people to have a certain degree of" seeing money 'thoughts and philosophy of life ", but" our eyes should always be the eye. Socialism, happiness towards the people, and the prosperity of the motherland should not be shifted and concentrated on money. " In response to the phenomenon of personal harm in society, he re -explained the "selflessness" -believe that "private" here should refer to "partial private", "private", "private", "business private", instead of personal interests. Hobbies, demand, etc. should be respected "private"; the "selflessness" is the minimum requirement for each public official, and it is also an excellent quality that needs to adhere to and carry forward the primary stage of socialism. In Zhou Yuanbing's view, we are in the primary stage of socialism. We should not require everyone in the society to fully reach the high realm of communist morality. Nobleness and purity, or require people to align with the lowest moral realm. The continuous attention of the times and the continuous thinking of communism morality in the period of the times has made Zhou Yuanbing's work "truly reflects the Sinicization of Marxism in the early days of the founding of New China. After the reform and opening up Development has laid a solid foundation. " Based on this, the book "Research on the Research on the Ethics of Chinese Marxism" believes that Zhou Yuanbing's ethical ideological resources are "we understand a cognitive coordinate from the 1950s to the early 1990s."

As one of the founders and founders of my country's Marxist Ethics Discipline (Zhu Yiting), Zhou Yuanbing will be interested and attached to ethical research, closely linked with his firm beliefs and the great cause of the party, and wrote morality in his life, and in his life, he wrote morality, and he used his life to virtue, and he wrote morality, and he used his life to virtue. Morality has made important contributions to the construction and development of my country's ethics disciplines. As early as 1962, the Shanghai Municipal Federation of Philosophy and Social Sciences invited him to lead the establishment of the "Ethics Research Group", which is the predecessor of the Shanghai Ethics Association today. After the "Cultural Revolution", Zhou Yuanbing served as the vice president of East China Normal University in March 1979. He was in charge of liberal arts teaching and scientific research. Under his advocacy and personal design, East China Normal University opened an ethics major, and then established East China Normal University. Master of Ethics and Ethics Teaching and Research Office. Under the leadership of Zhou Yuanbing, East China Normal University's ethics has achieved rapid development. At that time, the domestic ethics community circulated the saying of "there are people in the north and the Normal University in the south". At the same time, he also actively participated in the construction of domestic ethics research teams, and has jointly proposed the establishment of the Chinese Ethics Society with Zhou Fusheng, Luo Guojie, Li Qi, and others. In addition, Zhou Yuanbing's physical strength of his "ethics person must first have morality" concept, even set an example for ethics. According to Wan Junren, the current president of the Chinese Society of Ethics, Zhou Yuanbing's assertion "should be the standard for self -requirements for every ethics scholar."

Although Zhou Yuanbing was destroyed by the disease in his later years, he always reluctantly worked as "unable to stay" and continued to work hard in the field of ethics until September 1992. That day, Zhou Yuanbing suddenly had a brain hemorrhage when he got up and fell to the ground. He was unconscious when he was found. The doctor expected that he could not carry it for three hours. However, he insisted on the bed for three years. Although the treatment during this period has not been ideal, he is always reluctant to give up, because he has too many things to complete -three months before the illness, he published the article "The Outline of the Ethical Construction Engineering Theory" Under the guidance of Marxist moral science, an attempt to establish a practical science that can operate, propose embodiments, and inspectors in the spiritual world of people's spiritual world. At the same time, he was determined to write a 300,000 -word monograph "The Moral Issues in the Socialist Period". However, the ruthless illness destroyed his grand wish in his later years.

Zhou Yuanbing is a firm believer of communism. He uses his life to pursue and publicize the ideal of communism, study communist moral theory, practice communist moral norms, and seek truth and adhere to the truth with a strong sense of responsibility. As he said at the end of the "Communist Ethics Theory": "There is never the truth in the world, and the truth is always extending; I will ignore and ridicule my way. "Zhou Yuanbing's unremitting pursuit of communist moral beliefs and the spirit of sincerity of moral research is the precious spiritual wealth he left to us!

(This article is the "Contemporary China Reconstruction of Ethics Knowledge System" (19ZDA033) in the National Social Science Fund's major project)

(Author unit: Department of Philosophy of East China Normal University)

Source: "China Social Sciences"

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