[Party History Daily] The origin of the "May Day" International Labor Day and the early commemorative event in Beijing

The "May Day" International Labor Day is an important festival for the Chinese people. Unlike the festivals such as Qingming, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid -Autumn Festival, the "May 1st" festival is not a traditional Chinese festival. The word "international" is the common festival of the people of the world.

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The origin of the "May Day" Labor Day can be traced back to the 19th century. On May 1, 1886, a strike and demonstration of strikes centered on Chicago occurred in the United States. The number of participants was as high as 350,000. Workers demanded improvement of labor conditions and implemented an eight -hour working system. This strike caused a fierce conflict in the next few days, causing many casualties. In the later trial, eight Chicago workers were charged with the crime of murder. Suicide, the incident also triggered a worldwide worker protest. In 1889, the Second International Inaugural Conference held in Paris announced that May 1st will be designated as a common holiday in the international proletariat to commemorate. On May 1, 1890, it became the first International Labor Day in history.

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On May 1, 1919, Li Dazhao published "May Day" in the "Morning News" sub -publication

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After entering the 20th century, the New Culture Movement has flourished in China and gradually opened the gate of ideological liberation. With the victory of the Russian October Revolution and the spread of Marxism in China, Labor Day began to be introduced to China by advanced intellectuals. On May 1, 1919, Beijing's "Morning News" was published in the "Labor Day Memorial" special number, which was the beginning of the "May Day" of Chinese newspapers. Li Dazhao published the article "May Day" on the special number, which briefly described the origin of May Day. Li Dazhao believes that "May Day" is "the only weapon of the world workers -'directly action", and pointed out that "there are still few people who pay attention to this anniversary this year this year, but today, today, or some different differences today, or there are some differences in different times, or there are some different differences in today, or there are some different different differentials. It's very different! "

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During the May 4th Movement, the Shanghai workers 'class held a big strike for the support of students' anti -emperor and patriotic struggle

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Li Dazhao's hunch is right. Only three days after the article was published, the May 4th movement of the country broke out. The pioneer of this movement is a patriotic student represented by universities such as Peking University, but with the development of the situation, the role of the working class has become more and more obvious. In the "three stops" struggle in the later period of exercise, the resolute attitude and great influence of workers' strikes are incomparable with business and academic circles. After the May 4th Movement, the working class began to board the historical stage with an independent attitude.

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On May 1, 1920, the May 1st International Labor Day Memorial Conference was held in the Second Hospital of Peking University

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After the baptism of the May 4th Movement, China's advanced intellectuals deeply realized the power of the working class. On May 1, 1920, Li Dazhao, Deng Zhongxia, He Mengxiong, Gao Junyu and others held a large -scale "May Day" International Labor Day commemorative event in Beijing. Peking University is the center of this commemorative event. At 9 am that day, under the organization of Li Dazhao, Peking University held a commemorative conference of more than 500 people including workers and students. Li Dazhao made a speech, promoting the 8 -hour work system, and praised the achievements of the October Revolution in Russia. The conference proposed: "May Day, which commemorates the commemorative world as a beacon of our leader, we follow this beacon with the sacred creed of the labor and go to the light place."

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He Mengxiong (first from right) and other North University students marched by car and distribute leaflets

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On this day, eight university students such as He Mengxiong came to the city to distribute the "Beijing Labor Declaration on May 1". They rented two cars and held the words such as "labor commemorative" and other slogans. Jingjie Street drove the front door, and shouted the slogan along the way to distribute the leaflet. When the two propaganda cars went to Luoma Street and Caichangkou, they were intercepted by the police. Students and drivers were arrested together. It was not until May 17 that Li Dazhao and others were rescued.

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"New Youth" Volume VII No. 6 (Monument to Labor Day)

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Sun Yat -sen is an inscription on the "New Youth" Labor Day

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Cai Yuanpei is an inscription on the "New Youth" Labor Day

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On May 1, 1920, "New Youth" magazine launched the "Labor Day Monument", with a length of more than 400 pages. It is the thickest "New Youth" in history. Sun Yat -sen and Cai Yuanpei respectively. "Sacred labor". Li Dazhao published "May Day" May Day History ", which systematically introduced the origin of the" May 1st "International Labor Day and the history of the struggle for the eight -hour work system in Europe and the United States. It is a day of awakening. not

The "May 1st" International Labor Day commemorative event in 1920 was called "a large -scale attempt to combine with Marxism and the Chinese Workers' Movement." With the continuous spread of Marxism in China, the awareness of the workers' class has become increasingly rising. One year later, on May 1, 1921, in the southwestern suburbs of Beijing, Deng Zhongxia and others led Changxindian railway workers to establish Changxin store unions. At this time, the conditions of the founding of the Communist Party of China are becoming more and more mature, just as the ballads circulated among workers in Changxin stores are sung: "Now the world is not flat, it is not too peaceful, and I have oppressed my workers. The wind of the moon, awakened our brother, the proletariat quickly got up and took out the hammer to attack. The red flag was clear for thousands of miles, and the hammer moved all the mountains and rivers.

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