What kind of prehistoric civilization will the Loess Plateau will bring?

The area of ​​the Nanzuo site is twice as much as the Erlitou site. The core area is as large as the central area of ​​the Liangzhu Ancient City Site in the central area of ​​the ancient city of Liangzhu.

Nanzuo Site should be one of the key core sites of the early Chinese civilization. For objectively understanding the key position of the origin and formation of the Yellow River, the Loess Plateau, especially the Loess Plateau, especially the Longdong region. History is of great significance

Above the Loess Plateau in the Weiwei Basin, the history outlines such a scene: about 5,000 years ago, a group of ancestors lived in Dong Zhizhen region in Qingyang City, Gansu Province. They have built a magnificent large -scale palace building, mastered exquisite ceramic craftsmanship, and eat Xiaomi and rice daily.

Where does the Chinese civilization come from? The Nanzuo site in Nanga Village, Houguanzhai Town, Xifeng District, Qingyang City, Gansu Province provides important clues to explore the answer.

Large -scale palace -style building layouts are regular, high -grade pottery is unearthed, and a large amount of rice relics are given to the test ... This high -level large settlement site from the second phase of Yangshao to the second phase of Miao Dougou, with its unique historical imprint Explore one of the key core sites of early Chinese civilization.

"The value of the Nanzuo site is unique and reflects a strong social public power, showing that the Longdong region had entered the early state or civilized social stage at that time, which has a significant value for empirical civilization for more than 5,000 years." Han Jianye, a professor at the Department of Archaeological Bo of the School of History of Renmin University of China, said.

Large scale

In 2021, with the approval of the State Administration of Cultural Relics, a joint archaeological team composed of Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology, Renmin University of China, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Lanzhou University and other units started a new round of the Nanzuo site from June to October Archaeological work.

Nanzuo Site, "revealing" from the deep part of the loess as early as a census in the late 1950s. It is distributed on the largest Dong Zhizhen in the eastern part of Gansu, with a river channel on the west, and 2 kilometers north and the south side is the punching and cliffs.

From the 1980s to the 1990s, a total of 1,300 square meters was exposed in six excavations. In April 2012, the State Administration of Cultural Relics and the establishment of the Nano site protection plan. The Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology conducted archaeological explorations of the Nanzuo site twice in 2014 and 2020, and organized experts to conduct on -site surveys and archaeological investigations on the Nanyu site.

In 2021, the historical memory of the dust for about 5,000 years was opened again. Discipline, environmental archeology, archeological archeology, remote sensing, soil micro -structures, residual analysis, pottery technology analysis, etc., are developed simultaneously with archeological work.

Under the support of continuous archeological evidence, the outline of the Nanzuo site is becoming clearer and complete.

From the perspective of the site structure, the total area within the outer ring of the Nanzuo site reached 6 million square meters. Its core area consists of nine large rectangular rammed soil platforms (bases) and large rammed earth building areas located in the central government. The "Nine Tables" are symmetrically distributed in the center of the settlement, with an area of ​​about 300,000 square meters, and there are two rings around the periphery. The palace area is located in the northern part of the "Jiu Tai", and the main hall F1 is located in the center of the palace area. With F1 as the center, several rammed earth buildings are affiliated to the surrounding affiliated.

The huge construction volume and scale of protection, silently talked about the brilliant and magnificent "Nanzuo civilization" about 5,000 years ago.

Zhang Chi, a professor at the Peking University Archaeological Board Institute, said that the area of ​​the Nanzuo site is twice as much as the Erlitou site. Essence

Among them, the main hall F1 has more than 800 square meters, the indoor area is 630 square meters, the east to west is about 18 meters long, and the north and south are about 35 meters long. There are three doors. This house, about 5,000 years away, is considered by the archeological community to be the largest single building in my country in the same period in China.

"The overall scale, core area, and house volume of the site are unprecedented." Zhang Chi said.

The "Palace District" Nantuo Site in Gansu Province, the Nantuo site in Gansu Province, confession

High cultural relics level unearthed

In this archeological excavation work, F2, a sacrifice ceremony on the east side of the F1, has been unearthed with a large number of high -level, extremely special sacrifice or rituals, including hundreds of pieces of white mud with different sizes. Sand tanks, as well as some white pottery, large colorful pottery tanks, etc.

Many of these pottery are the first time or more rare for the first time in the Loess Plateau. For example, the unearthed large -scale colorful pottery can, the maximum abdominal diameter is 78 cm and 68 cm high, which is the largest colorful pottery tank unearthed in the area in the same period; Discovery for the first time.

In addition, F2 also unearthed a large number of stone crickets and bone crickets with cinnabar, similar to the "Tong Ya" who rewarded the princes in later generations. The unearthed animal bones mainly include home pigs and antlers, as well as a small amount of sheep bone.

Han Jianye said that most of the large amounts of utensils unearthed from F2 do not belong to daily practical appliances and should be related to special activities such as sacrifice. Among them, a large number of rice and special animal relics also show the sacrifice and etiquette of large rammed earth building areas.

In addition, in the core location of the Nanzuo site and the surrounding cellar, the archeological team also found a large number of carbonized rice relics, which is extremely rare in the Loess Plateau.

Zhang Xiaoning, a member of the Nanda Site Joint Archaeological Team, introduced that the archeological team is now relying on scientific research institutions to analyze the isotope of these rice relics to judge its specific sources. If it is produced locally, it will be of great significance to study the origin of rice in the Northwest region; if it comes from other rice main producing areas, it may become evidence of regional control at the time. Experts believe that all kinds of this reflect the strong king weather of the Nanzuo site, showing that the Longdong region had entered an early state or civilized society at that time.

Han Jianye said: "Nanzuo ruins should be one of the key core sites for exploring early Chinese civilization. For objectively understanding the key position of the origin and formation of the Yellow River, the Loess Plateau, especially the Longdong region, The history of civilization for more than a thousand years is of great significance. "

Continue to discover the prehistoric ruins of Longdong

The civilized scene shown from the Nanzuo site can see the complexity of society at that time.

There are large -scale buildings with ramming and palaces inside, high -standard exquisite gifts related to sacrifice ... are the physical bearing of the capital and ritual system in my country. And such a large -scale engineering facilities and the construction of the capital, such as handicraft technology with such a high degree of professionalism, can also remind people of the spectacular scenarios of concentrated manpower and material resources in the larger space at that time.

At present, the Chinese civilization exploration source project has replied: Chinese texts are clearly empirical of more than 5,000 years, but the process of traceability has not ended. In the Longdong area, one of the beginnings of Chinese farming civilization, the Nanzuo site is like a key, which may help us further see the historical evolution of Chinese civilization from "full star fight" to "Yuelang Star".

At the fourth quarter of the "Archaeological China" major project conference organized by the State Administration of Cultural Relics in the fourth quarter of 2021, Chen Xingcan, director of the Institute of Archeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that in the Longdong area of ​​the Yellow River Basin, such large -scale and structural architectural relics appeared. There are also high -grade pottery unearthed, which has changed the view of the previous academic circles of the early civilization of the region.

Li Shuicheng, a professor at Peking University Archaeological Board Institute, said at this press conference that from the Grand Bay site of the Dadi Bay site discovered in Tianshui City, Gansu Province before, most important sites found in the late stages of Yangshao are located in the eastern part of Gansu. This fully proves the important position of the region in the origin of Chinese civilization.

June 11, 2022 is the Day of Cultural and Natural Heritage, which coincides with a five -year new round of archeological excavation work. It is reported that the archeological team has initiated the excavation of the south area of ​​the palace area, and the newly discovered some of the suspected steps of stepping on or road relics.

What kind of prehistoric civilization will be brought to us when the Nanzuo site will bring us is worth looking forward to. The story of Longdong, which is exploring the Chinese civilization, is to be continued. (Source: Xinhua News Agency reporter: He Wen Liang Jun)

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