Gu Cunyan: Re -reading Dong Qichang -a kind of evaluation behind

Just as Dong Qichang advocated the "one super straight into", the real enlightenment is still transcending the times and pointing directly at the hearts of the people, pointing out what he thinks is, and the rush of the river, revealing the subsequent people who will be in their hearts. He is a superfluous retro person, in fact the newcomer, or an active inheritor of a Chinese culture spirit.

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To this day, when it comes to Dong Qichang, there are still people who unconsciously crowned the four words "bully landlord" in the era of class struggle. In the era when everything can be entertaining, there are also idlers who are jokingly named "Shanghai Little Men". History and human life are always shocking ...

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From the late Ming society where Dong Qichang was in the evening of the party's disasters, he "acted at home" to the later change of the dynasty Kangxi Qianlong's support for Dong Qichang, and Wang Yuanqi said that he "eight generations of the eight generations" and in modern China faced factor. During the unprecedented change of thousands of years ago, Kang Youwei began to attack Dong Qichang. "Although he was famous, such as a priest, he was cold and frugal.

Continuing Kang Youwei's mantle, Xu Beihong, who has returned abroad, under the trend of criticizing the value of traditional culture in the "May 4th", is even more unprecedentedly criticized Dong Qichang, saying that "Dong Qichang and Chen Jiru are flat, and I hate Dong to send Chinese paintings for more than 200 years. "".

Dong Qichang's "Book of Book of Kawagawa" (partial) 27x11.7 cm of the Ming Dynasty

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Dong Qichang's "Evil Visit the Ancient Map" 80.2x30 cm of the Ming Dynasty

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Dong Qichang's "Xiaoxiang Baiyun Map" 30.6 × 258 cm of Ming Dynasty

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It is believed that the rejuvenation of each era is from a wise founder, and its ability and vision contribute to the peace and prosperity of this period. However, this development is always inevitable to lead corruption or even decline. Innovatives need to return to ancient classics to achieve moral and spiritual reconstruction in order to reverse the trend.

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Dong Qichang's North and South Zongs have gathered a wide range of lawsuits, and regardless of this discussion, from the background of a broader view of Chinese culture, that is, it is necessary to say that this argument is simple and clear, just like Dong Qichang's clean and concise. Lines, as the Qinling Mountains of Huaihe River are divided into North and South Huaxia, the discussion and topic of this view seems to be a tasting stone, which can see many major issues of Chinese culture and Chinese calligraphy and calligraphy -what is true "literati painting", the real purpose of literati painting Where are you thinking?

From the scholar paintings proposed by Su Shi to the Nanzong literati painting from Dong Qichang, the main points are also in the pursuit of a great freedom of "sending painting as" without stagnation and non -utilitarian. The development of Chinese calligraphy and painting to such a stage will inevitably be born -also one of the core spirit of Chinese culture, the freedom and superiority in Chinese people must have a carrier -and painting and calligraphy is the testimony of this heart.

Dong Qichang's "Map of Xiamu" 91.3x44 cm in the Ming Dynasty

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However, just as the literati and paintings worried before Dong Qichang were easy to flow, the pseudo -literati who had no rhyme to take advantage of the opportunity: "Recently, the vulgar pen claims to be Mijia Mountain, and it is ridiculous."

Dong Qichang's worry is not redundant.

At present, freehand paintings should have been a wonderful hand of literati. However, the literati knowledge class encountered pain and even wen sweeping the ground in the past half century. The rogue is also mixed, the vulgar pen is dyed, the paper is full of marinated, and the "literati painting" or "new literati painting" is said, so that the gap between the general public aesthetics caused by the cultural fault is even more flooded. How do you discern the true morale and rhyme. What's more, even the existence of pen and ink has become a question ...

Dong Qichang's "Landscape Book" Ming Dynasty

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If the spirit of Chinese calligraphy and painting and the Chinese literati is briefly discussed, it can bypass the "Four Kings", and even by bypassing the "Wumen Four". Can't bypass it anyway.

Back to the evaluation of Dong Qichang, radical thoughts attacked Dong Qichang's "breach of Chinese paintings for more than 200 years, crime and evil", and then finally had a rich "return": under the requirements of a series of Chinese paintings in the 1950s, for thousands of years, for thousands of years, for thousands of years Most Chinese paintings that nourish the mind of the Chinese people have mutated the realism and social tools of the technical craftsman from the mind of philosophy. After a long time, it is also more depressed, "do your own nature, do your nature, and do everything". " The utilitarianization, impetuousness and tooling of the entire society are actually not accidental, and they have themselves.

Dong Qichang's "Gao Yitu" 89.4x52 cm in the Ming Dynasty

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Of course, this is not only the issue of evaluating Dong Qichang, but also the issue of Chinese calligraphy and painting. It is also a huge problem related to the system of the nation and the system of Chinese culture and Chinese society.

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The author is the editor -in -chief of "Surging News · Art Edition" (formerly "Oriental Morning Post. Art Review"), painter of Shanghai Painting and Calligraphy Academy.

This article has been authorized by the author, and the graphic is provided by the author

This article was published in "Surging News · Art Review"

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