Think of the category: the classification of the city Yin pottery category

Author:Music club Time:2022.08.02

There are very few research articles about Wucheng Yin Tao. The classification of Tancheng Yin Tao, most of the general enthusiasts follow the book "Fifty Pinths of the Castle Castle" published by Xiling Yinshe. The "Three Categories" method in the article, that is, one is the name of the name of the "arms", the other is the name of the name of the age, and the third is the mark of the name. In fact, this classification is more exquisite and unscientific.

Jiao Zhiqin's three classification methods are classified only literally, and their thinking is too one -way. The author believes that it can be classified from the official pottery and private pottery, and the regulatory system of the official pottery and the private pottery can be studied from the official pottery and private pottery. The official pottery can be divided into "military pottery" and "non -military pottery", and can also be divided into "official burning officials" and "people burned officials".

Regarding Jiao Zhiqin's "Tianbao Ji", he believes that in front of the name, it is one to nine, which is the year from the first year of Tianbao to nine years. Jiao Zhiqin thought that Tenbao's ten years of Northern Qiwen Xuan Emperor Gao Yang died, and civil engineering stopped, so there was no Tao Wen in Tianbao for ten years. This statement has no scientific basis for evidence.

Emperor Gaoyang, Northern Qi, died in October of Tianbao in October. "Zi Zhi Tong Jian": "Qi Xianzu is addicted to alcohol ... Winter, October, Jiawu, 殂. Gui Yan, Female Mourning, Crown Crying, Nothing to Weep, only Yang Yan Si Si. . "According to historical records, Tianbao Junian continued until December of the 10th year of Tianbao. Therefore, no "ten" does not explain the problem. "The Statue of the Tibetan Stone Carvings of the Buildings" has a "Tianbao Ten Years" statue.

Therefore, the author believes that the number in front of the name does not mean the age of the age, or it may be the number of the kiln, or it means. As for why there are only one to nine in these Tao Wen, there are no ten, and maybe it is related to the ancients of the ancients. The Soochi Wu Tai Chang Qing Xu Xuan's "Three Five Terminals" rose one by one, stood in three, and fifth. The saying in seven, extremely nine ". Zhu Junsheng in the Qing Dynasty "Speaking of Wensong Training Sound" also said: "The ancient artificial characters were divided into one, which started in one, extremely nine." Perhaps there are other factors.

In addition, there are no previous crowns in Tao Yinwen in the city. If it is a chronological year, it will not be engraved so hastily, and the word order is not smooth, and the meaning of the word is not connected. There are numbers in the first place, and the first two are numbers. Related. The author has seen a number of Yan Guo Taowen, which is hidden by Mr. Tang Zimu, the owner of the Buyangtang. He wrote the scheduled specifications, and the text is clear. It is not like the Tao Wen of the front crown numbers in the city, which is difficult to read. (See Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3.)

Figure 1: Nineteen Stone

Figure 2: Four 顕

Figure 3: Ba Jiefeng

The third type of "name Yin Tao" divided by Jiao Zhiqin is also unclear. Yi Xuefeng proposed in the article "The Tao Wenwen of the Qianqian Pavilion Tibetan City" that the name of the tail word "tile" should be distinguished from the general name seal. This is a very visible point of view. The author's careful view is the name of "tile". Compared with the general name seal, the biggest difference is that the general name seal is engraved with pottery workers. Essence The end word "tile" seal, the writing and layout of the print surface, the standard is standardized, the name is complete, and some seem to be the hand of one person. (See Figure 4, Figure 5.)

Figure 4: Gao Tianhewa

Figure 5: Lee Fusong Longwa

Therefore, the author believes that these tail characters are the mark of "tile", and its utensils may also be official pottery. Those "tiles" prints should be made uniformly. Generally, pottery workers do not have this level of cultural level. This is likely to be uniformly formulated by the official to collect the official kiln burning official pottery.

The phenomenon of "people -burned officials" of the people's kiln -burning organ is more common in the history of ceramics. These Indian pottery has complete names and facilitates supervision and accountability. The ordinary name Yin Tao has a lack of pen and less strokes, an impermanence and an impermanence, and a low recognition rate. There are many surnames or nameless people in the mark. If there is a late difference, it may be difficult to account for accountability. This is the difference between Guan Tao and private pottery. (See Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8.)

Figure 6: Wang Wen

Figure 7: Geng Ling

Figure 8: Long

It can be seen that the marks of the military, craftsman, and tiles should be burned for the official kiln. The yin mark of the tail word "tile" should be burned for the folk kiln. The general name mark should be a folk kiln.

The regulatory system of the Guantao of the city is also worth studying. The starting department of Shangshu Province of the Northern Dynasty, the Temple of Taifu Temple, and the Temple of the Temple are all in charge of the creation. Of course, there is a division of labor. Starting the Langlang, there are major construction projects when there are major construction projects. When the temple is made, there will be a major craftsman when there is a major construction project. As a big craftsman, Qin Zhi, it was said that he would be a Shaofu. Palace, Zongmiao, Mausoleum and other civil engineering construction. The Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties were set up. The Ministry of Establishment, the Ministry of the Ministry, and the Temple of the Temple, which department manages the production of Wucheng Yin Tao, has no detailed test.

Judging from the mark of the military, craftsman, and tiles, the management level is quite clear, which is roughly divided into three levels. Yixuefeng quoted Lu Jiuxi in the "Hou Qianqian Pavilion Tibetan Tao Castle Tao Wen Tu": "There are three levels of tilers, salty and sacred. . Military supervisor, the master of the mandarin, the craftsmanship is the creation of the tiles. "

Later, Brother Jiuxi made amendments to the third -level sort in the "New Examination of the" Waves "of the Northern Wei Dynasty": "There are also two titles of 'crafts" and' tilemith 'in the tiles of the city, The province of 'tilemith', or a position that is lower than the "military lord 'and higher than' Wami". "The official pottery production as early as the Warring States Period was also hierarchically managed. In the article "Classification and Inscription Format of Teng Taowen", the "three -level supervision" of Yan Guo pottery, that is, the provincial (supervisory), the owner (sponsor), the crew (manufacturing), the provincial person is the "Tao Yin", the master is "Tao Yan, 敀", and the manufacturer is "pottery attack" (that is, pottery workers). It seems that the production supervision of Tancheng pottery also adheres to the practice of sages. (See Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11.) Figure 9: Military Master Wisdom, Craftsman King Guangwa Misaki Yu Hong

Figure 10: The main force of the army, the tilemmm's surplus

Figure 11: Military Lord Forest Master Shi La Xian

In addition to the above -mentioned military, craftsman, and tiles, there are also a few Yin Tao with the names of "military craftsmen" and "as the head". Liu Cao also refers to officials, such as "Cao Cao". The Han Dynasty set up "left and right Cao". This left and right Cao was not a proprietary official position, but an additional job. If the minister can get the left and right Cao Jia, he can handle the emperor's document. In front of the military craftsman, Cao may be a military craftsman assigned by an official office. Friends in the circle also hidden in the seal of the "Military Lan Ren, the Tombs of the Head, and the craftsman often showed the ancestor", which is also a third level. What is the relationship between the unknown and the craftsman? (See Figure 12.)

Figure 12: Cao Junmian Zhao Huiluo

At present, the names of the printed pottery, the head, the military craftsman, the craftsman, the tilemith, and the tile. The military leader and the military craftsman are monitoring officers and craftsmen with military membership. Craftsman and tiles are artisans of officials (craftsmen may be the main creators, and the tiles are assistants). Waid is a civilian craftsman. When there are major manufacturing tasks, if the officials and military craftsmen are not available, the government may send folk craftsmen.

Although there are many names in the craftsman, one or one seal is only three -level side -by -side, and there are no four -tier tie. From this point of view, it should be three -level supervision.

In the collection world, the current attention and research on Tao Wen in Wucheng are far less than the research on the Warring States Tao Wen. In summary, the supervision system of the Guancheng official pottery, the management levels between the military, the head, the craftsman, and the tilemith, and the classification of the utensils and imprints of the official pottery, military pottery, and private pottery. These need to be studied urgently. Since the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, there have been writings such as Huang Xifan's "Name of the Monument", "Golden Stone Examination", and Zeng Yigong's "Stone Carvings Examination Works" and other works. Twelve people. However, it is unknown whether there are "Tao Gonglu" published.

After reading the "Stone Carvings Examination Works", it was found that the ancient stone carvings were also hierarchically managed. The regulators of stone carved workers also had generals as military leaders, as well as direct general supervision, jade booking officials, ingredients, craftsmen and other levels. In the ingredients, there are also words and stones. Interestingly, there are similarities with the nicknames of ancient carved workers and ceramic workers. If there is a moment of work, the nickname is "Three Education Slaves", and there is a "two slaves" in the imprint of the pottery of the city, haha. When someone can compile a "Ceramics Records of Passenger Dynasties", it will definitely help the study of ancient pottery. (Tao Wen in the picture in this article is hidden by the author.)

This article has been authorized by the author.

The picture and text are provided by the author.

This article is published in the fourth issue of "Favorites/Auction" magazine 2016

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