Demystifying the archeological excavation of Shijiazhuang Lingshou Ximi Buddha Cemetery

With reference to the results of the "Xia Shang and Zhou Dynasties Project", from 1600 BC to 1046 BC, the Shang Dynasty ruled China. Hebei is one of the core ruling areas of the Shang Dynasty. In Shijiazhuang and the West Shang Dynasty site of Shijiazhuang and the West Shang Dynasty, the Luancheng Zhoujiazhuang Cemetery, which was discovered in the past two years, also described a hint of the late Shang Dynasty. Nowadays, Nishimo Village, Lingshou County, has once again become the focus of attention. In the local archeological excavation work, it has become a set of time and space passwords, which has awakened the hazy memory of humans 3000 years ago.

"A" tomb of senior nobles

In 1978, the villagers in Ximu Buddhist Village, Lingshou County found a group of bronze wares and related cultural relics. Among them, the "Odar" bronze buns were national first -class cultural relics. Decades later, until 2021, the Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology and the Shijiazhuang City Cultural Relics Protection Research Institute and Lingshou County Cultural Tourism Bureau carried out rescue excavations on the cemetery. Since March 2022, the accumulated exploration area is about 110,000 square meters, and there are more than 30 tombs in archeological discovery, more than 20 of which are determined to be tombs from late business to the Western Zhou Dynasty. In addition, there are relics such as gray pit and wells. The unearthed cultural relics include copper, pottery, jade, bone, stone artifact and other more than 220 pieces.

"This important discovery this time is a large tomb of the tomb, that is, M7." Li Peng, a librarian librarian librarian in the Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology, said. This tomb, commonly known as the "A" shape, means that the tomb owner is relatively high, and it is generally a high -end aristocratic cemetery with a close relationship with the royal family at that time. In Shijiazhuang, it was found that this kind of tomb was only one of the Luancheng Zhoujiazhuang. In Hebei, it is rare to belong to such tombs in the same period.

In the past, the surface of this area had appeared more than three meters high, and the surrounding villagers came here to build land to build houses. Therefore, the cemetery was severely damaged. The M7 was destroyed into several parts. After continuous cleaning, it was finally determined to be a tomb. "The identity of the tomb owner also becomes an unsolved mystery with the loss of cultural relics, but it can be inferred from various details to infer the tomb owner as a senior noble. Only a few bones are found in the tomb filling soil. "Li Peng said. Luancheng Zhoujiazhuang cemetery is only a hundred miles apart. So what is the relationship between the two tombs? According to reports, the two tombs are similar, and the unearthed cultural relics have the same emblem. It can be seen that the relationship between the two is a lot.

The earliest carriage unearthed from Hebei

Benz, Mercedes -Benz, under the blue sky, on the green grassland, a carriage all the way to the east, from the distance from the Mesopotamian plains. Through the mountains and rivers, the carriage finally arrived in Yinxu, the capital of the Shang Dynasty ... "In the archeological world, we believe that the ancient carriage was introduced to China from Central Asia and West Asia during the late business period." Li Peng introduced it. During the archeological excavations of the previous business period, there were the most carriages unearthed in Yin Ruins. Hebei had not found a carriage during the late business period. carriage.

The carriage pit is 3 meters, and it is located in the southeast of the cemetery, which is closer to M7. According to reports, the car and horse pit in the Yinxu Cemetery are mostly located in the southwest of the tomb, but the car and horse pit here is located in the southeast of M7, and the cemetery is severely damaged. "The overall preservation of the carriage is better. Although the wooden materials are rotten and only the traces of carbonization are kept, the car, the car, the carriage, the carriage and the wheels are all available. . "The excavator still remembers the scene when the frame is at the beginning. There are two skeletons in the car and horse pit. There are human bones in the front of the carriage. The wheel diameter is about 1.5 meters, and it belongs to large and medium -sized vehicles in the Shang Dynasty.

"The shape and craftsmanship of this carriage are the same as some cars and horses unearthed from Yin Ruins. It may be directly from Yinxu, or it may be imitated by the craftsmen here." In the top priority of archeology, the archaeological team packed the relics and transported to the laboratory. It will clean up and restore the carriage in one to two years in accordance with the archeological operating regulations, and exhibition at Lingshou County Museum.

From a cow and a well outline the ancient life

What did a cow look like three thousand years ago? On the west side of the excavation area, the archeological team found nearly ten animal pits, which were generally distributed in a straight line. In Hebei, the concentrated animal pit was relatively rare. In the pit, the bones of a cow make the archaeological players feel spectacular. It is about two meters long, and the bones are kept complete, and even the ox tail is clearly visible.

In addition to the cemetery area, the ruins and ash pit unearthed in the living area also tell us about the world at that time. "The large wells discovered this time are also one of the important discoveries." Li Peng introduced that the square well during this business week was the best well in the late business period found in Hebei since the large well found in the west site of the Tancheng Terrace. Essence This well is square, the inlet of the well is 4 meters, the diameter of the well is about 1.8 meters, and the well depth of the well is nearly 12 meters. If you consider the surface at the time, the actual depth may be about 13 to 14 meters. Public well. There are many layers of stitching wells in the square water well, which is intended to strengthen the water well, protect the wall, and filter the well water. Li Peng said: "Although the woods used in the carriage have been decayed, the wood at the bottom of the well still retains the initial appearance, which is amazing." It is interesting that more than 100 pots and more wood unearthed at the bottom of the well are unearthed. Barrels, the ancients used these pots and barrels to fight water. In addition, dozens of bone pupae were unearthed. This is because when the ancients were watering, they might crooch their heads, and the mules slipped into the well. There are bamboo mats in the piles of mussel shells, car horses and M7 in the piles of gray pits ... All kinds of details tell us that at that time, it was a place where the aquatic grass was rich and the climate was pleasant, which was due to the nurturing of the Luohe River. This endless river has bred a group of very well -known outstanding cultural heritage, and the excavated sites are just on the Luohe River. It is worth mentioning that the weaving process of the bamboo mat is basically the same as that of the present, showing the wisdom of the ancients.

Prove the important position of Shijiazhuang area in the Shang Dynasty

Lingshou, the north pillow camel beam, the south of the pillow, the spine of the tiger's Taihang, penetrated into the North China Plain. Since ancient times, it has been a strategic place and throat of the northern minority ethnic minorities south to Central Plains. Essence "Since the early Yin Shang, the ethnic minorities in the north have continued to invade, which has led to the retreat of the northern border of the Shang Dynasty. By the late Yin Shang, the northern border has retracted to today's Dingzhou area, and Lingshou has approached the strategic front line." Chen Wei, an associate researcher at Hebei Province Cultural Relics and Archeology Research Institute, said that the unearthed from the tombs of senior nobles and archeological discoveries such as the Cemetery of the Zhoujiazhuang Cemetery of Luancheng explained the attention of the Shang Dynasty. Management has clear deployment and arrangements.

The Lingshou Ximu Buddha Cemetery is an important cemetery during the Shangwei period discovered in Taihang Shandong Road and Jizhong region in recent years. It provides basic information for us to understand the social appearance and cultural customs of Taihang Shandong and Ji Central. With the increasingly abundant archeology of the late Shang Dynasty in Shijiazhuang area in recent years, it has also made people realize the important position of Shijiazhuang area in the Shang Dynasty. "We realize that the Shijiazhuang area is a very important geographical unit in the Shang Dynasty. It has a pivotal significance in politics, economy, and culture. It should be said that it is one of the important barriers in the northern part of Anyang, the capital of the Shang Dynasty. It is Anyang. Social stability and other aspects have played an important role. "Chen Wei said.

"Unfortunately, the cemetery was damaged seriously and lost many key information, so we can't fully understand the specific situation at the time." Chen Wei introduced. Nowadays, the archeological work of the wild has ended and entered the archeological stage of the laboratory. We also look forward to revealing more puzzles for us through the power of technology.

Source | Shijiazhuang Daily

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