Blockchain empower ecological environment

Author: Zhang Yaqing Zhang Xiaotian Peng Yu Zou Sulan Gao Fei Communication Author Zhang Qin

In recent years, the quality of my country's ecological environment has continued to improve, and the construction of ecological civilization has also received unprecedented attention. At present, ecological environmental protection has been moving towards digitalization, intelligence, and networking. Blockchain technology has seen a good situation and prospect in the environmental protection industry. Innovative thinking has just started.

At present, the application research of blockchain technology is not mature, and the specific application scenarios and specific conditions need to be further studied. However, the use of new technologies such as big data, the Internet of Things, and blockchain in the field of environmental protection is the only way to solve the problem. The author actively considers how to integrate the systemic and stability of blockchain technology with the improvement of the quality of the ecological environment, and build the "four beams and eight pillars" in the field of blockchain technology and ecological environment.

Blockchain technical characteristics

Blockchain, as the name suggests, is a chain composed of blocks one after another, and is a form of distributed ledger technology. With the emergence of encrypted digital currencies such as Bitcoin in 2008, the blockchain began to enter the public vision. It can be said that blockchain is the product of Bitcoin catalyzed.

Overall, it is a completely open recording system that records who has what they have to trade and who have traded and what they have. In the blockchain system "big ledger", in order to prevent data from being tampered with Links and securely seal them into blocks one after another, thereby forming a chain connected at the beginning and end to form blockchain. Once the block data generated by other nodes is confirmed, if it is modified and deleted, the encryption algorithm will obtain different results, ensuring the traceability and non -tampering of the data.

Based on the above description, we can see that compared with traditional databases, blockchain technology has the following characteristics:

Decentralization: decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of the blockchain. In simple terms, blockchain technology does not rely on additional third -party management agencies or hardware facilities, and no central control. Unlike traditional distributed systems, data Diversified storage on different nodes. Blockchain technology is highly autonomous in each node in the system. It can be freely linked to each other to form a new block data. node. Therefore, the sharing of data on the entire network without central nodes.

Data cannot be tampered with: The blockchain cancels the operation and delete operations in the traditional database. Without a centralized management of a certain center, a distributed data is used. A few pieces are connected in order in order. Due to the irreversible and unchanging time of time, even if a certain node is attacked or tampered with, unless the node in more than half of the control system is controlled at the same time, the data content on a node will be performed. Modification is invalid. Because of this, the stability and reliability of the data are very high, and it also realizes the complete traceability of historical data.

Openness: Blockchain technical basis is open source. Except for the private information of both parties in the transaction, its system is open and transparent. Participants in any network can access the data in the blockchain on the open interface. And query data records or development related applications, the entire system information is highly transparent. Therefore, when a certain block data is destroyed, all data and records will not be damaged.

Technology faces many challenges

Core data generates in all aspects of the ecological environment. Regardless of environmental monitoring and environmental administrative law enforcement, water treatment, and garbage treatment, there are corresponding data generation, which provides opportunities for the application of blockchain technology, but it is also necessary to see that the current blockchain technology is used in the ecological environment Challenges facing areas.

Challenge

According to previous management experience, the government is in an absolute dominant position on the release of information, resource allocation, etc. But the emergence of blockchain technology may break this authority. Although the blockchain can achieve all life cycle data management, solve data distortion, or abuse of power, government departments may be full of distrust of this new technical efficiency.

Therefore, although the blockchain, as a very promising technology with a very potential, may even bring a certain degree of changes to the entire ecological environment. It also needs a long development process.

Legal challenge

The mature development of technology is only one aspect. More importantly, it is necessary to establish a matched laws and regulations so that technology is operable. Then, the current blockchain technology is in its infancy, and laws and regulations may be lagging. Coupled with the characteristics of the blockchain itself, it also brings a series of problems to the law. For example, decentralization, as one of the important advantages of the blockchain, each transaction does not have specific physical addresses or clear logo locations. At the same time, each node of the blockchain is equal. It is impossible to clearly define the jurisdiction of the blockchain, and no independent institutions assume the legal responsibility of distributed ledger at the time of operation.

Therefore, in the case of legal disputes, there are vulnerabilities in the application of law and jurisdiction, and it is difficult for the court to make a decision.

Data Island Challenge

One of the innovation points of blockchain technology is to achieve data sharing, cross -class, and cross -level barrier -free circulation. Such a working model can greatly improve work efficiency. However, the biggest obstacle in the ecological environment may always be the problem of "data islands". The provincial and cities and counties have three levels of management. The dilemma of reality is difficult to vigorously promote the integration of information from the overall level. The use of blockchain technology to solve the "data island" problem from the root cause still exists at the theoretical level. The theory becomes practical and is widely used in government management. It is also one of the dilemma that must be faced. Platform compatibility challenges

Blockchain technology solves the problem of resource sharing, data security, and multi -subject mutual trust. However, with the rapid development of modern science and technology, data storage structure and media forms are constantly updating and optimizing and upgrading, including the compatibility of file storage formats may also change. At present, there are many types of database management systems in my country, such as Xuexin.com, OA inside the unit, national platform system, and data platforms in multiple places. Chain compatibility is a big challenge.

Specifically, national data platforms are better than provincial platforms, and provincial platforms are better than prefecture -level platforms. Whether the interface between the two matches the data sharing will also affect the data interaction. Unsatisfactory, causing the lack of data resources or damage, and affecting the efficiency of data sharing in the entire ecological environment. In addition, blockchain technology may also have unstable or other technical problems when compatible with other data platforms.

Ecological and environmental fields are widely used

The application scenario of blockchain technology is emerging. What applications are there in the ecological environment?

The application value of blockchain technology in the field of ecological environment

As we all know, the quality of environmental monitoring data is the lifeline of environmental protection. The "authenticity, reliability, and accuracy" of data is the fundamental requirements for environmental monitoring. However, in recent years, some media have been released. There are still some industrial entities in my country dishonesty, lack of environmental responsibility, and news of tampering and falsification of monitoring data. Data fraud has become a problem for the society. One of the difficulties in development.

At present, the method of environmental data storage in my country is still mainly based on "traditional Internet or mobile Internet". It uses relational models to organize data databases. Common ones are Oracle, DB2, Postgresql, Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, and Inspur K. -DB and other databases. Simply put, it is to create a text that stores the environmental monitoring data of a certain period and place in it. This traditional storage method is very convenient and easy to maintain, which greatly reduces the probability of data redundancy and data inconsistent.

At the same time, data can be easily interfered due to the single nature of traditional databases. There are two ordinary and common interference methods: one is to hang the carousel in the background program, inject script code, directly change the data, and execute the code that the operator wants to execute; the other is to master the database permission , Delete or change operations, tampering with real data. In addition, of course, there are more other means.

Due to the development of big data, the emergence of blockchain technology has made up for these vulnerabilities. If these data use the blockchain system for storage, it will directly prevent artificial interference. First of all, blockchain technology has the characteristics of "non -tampering", providing solutions for the "deposit" problem of massive behaviors and data in the ecological environment governance system to help the "true" of environmental monitoring data; second, the formation of blockchain formation The "consensus mechanism" can maintain the consistency of information and data, and truly realize the transformation of the "network interconnection" era to "trust the Internet". The third is the characteristics of the "distributed" blockchain, which can break the "data islands" between departments and levels, realize the interconnection and data sharing of information, and through the "smart contract" Optimize and solve the breadth, depth and difficulty of cross -industry, cross -department, and cross -regional cooperation in the ecological environment governance system, and help the "full" of environmental monitoring data. Combined with the characteristics of blockchain technology, even if the data is tampered with data, it will be automatically detected and eliminated by the blockchain system, and the monitoring data of healthy monitoring data from other storage points will be synchronized.

The application expansion of blockchain technology in the field of ecological environment

According to this thinking, the author proposes the next step with the specific solution to the environmental monitoring of the blockchain technology, which is divided into three stages to achieve planning.

The first stage -build environmental monitoring and the blockchain trusted platform. The blockchain as a trusted infrastructure for the digital economy was written into the "Fourteenth Five -Year Plan". The state clarified the goal of developing the blockchain service platform with the alliance chain as the key development of the blockchain service platform. At present, many industries in my country have built blockchain platforms. As a multi -central distributed system, the positioning of the "credible infrastructure" of the blockchain can ensure this major problem of data. Under the architecture of this network model, multi -level and multi -data interconnection can be achieved. Therefore, it is more suitable for monitoring the needs of "infrastructure" of data. In addition, for each platform node, it can be distributed according to the category of nodes to complete the multi -dimensional blockchain node layered networking model. In this way of expansion, we can flexibly realize the access and management of "new partners". This can provide corresponding access models according to the actual needs of the management department to achieve finer permissions management and control, which is conducive to the management of monitoring data. The second stage -establishing a credit evaluation system for the environmental monitoring industry. Credit mechanism is the basis of any platform transaction. Monitoring industry's credit evaluation system can also be used as an important part of the platform trust mechanism. Monitoring agencies should consciously monitor their integrity and do not falsify in data. If you can implement credit supervision specifications to monitor market order and establish an industry credit evaluation system in accordance with the law, it is also the only way to promote the high -quality development of the industry. It is believed that after solving the problem of data authenticity, the multiple content of the evaluation system can also provide a more comprehensive auxiliary reference for the management department's decision -making, and help the healthy and orderly development of the environmental monitoring industry.

The third stage -formation of environmental monitoring blockchain certification network alliance. The initiative of the alliance aims to further integrate, standardize industry resources, and strengthen the construction of industry information infrastructure. The purpose of establishing alliances is not as a single blockchain platform, but to build a complete blockchain ecosystem. It is composed of many member units to jointly explore the concept of co -construction, sharing, co -governance, and openness. Development and application. Through this unique platform design framework to solve related issues between the industry, better strengthen the ability to control data assets, help the industry to achieve high -credit data assets full life cycle management, and create a scientific and technological support point that is conducive to the decision -making of management departments , Break through the data fortress, deepen cross -border cross -departmental collaboration, and form a strong joint force for environmental governance.

Precise policy

Promote the integration of blockchain and ecological environment

First, increase the funds involvement of the integration process. The rise of a technology will inevitably support the strong support of government departments, and it is inseparable from the support of funds. On the one hand, technology research and development requires funding guarantee; on the other hand, technical promotion, equipment maintenance, and personnel training also requires sufficient financial support.

To this end, the competent authorities of the ecological environment in various regions should give full play to the overall integration and long -term mechanism of special funds. As far as technology research and development is concerned, it should be established with the increasing needs of the people to establish blockchain -related research and development projects. It can also actively support social capital to enrich the source of funds for the development of blockchain technology through market -oriented methods.

Second, improve the legal system of blockchain technology. The application of blockchain technology must have legal support and work under legal compliance. The state has issued the "Regulations on the Management of Blockchain Information Service", but this provision also needs more detailed laws to restrict the various problems brought by its technological development stage.

For example, the data management department can propose to set up a special blockchain law and regulations, stipulating the relevant rights and responsibilities of its users and providers, including how government departments can effectively supervise it to achieve rapid identification of illegal acts and improve them. Legal execution efficiency.

At present, embrace big data together, integrate into the wave of wisdom, and continuously explore and develop the important role of the intelligent innovation of big data in the construction of ecological civilization.

(Author units: Zhang Yaqing, Zhang Xiaotian, China Institute of Environmental Sciences; Zhang Qin, Peng Yu, Zou Sulan, Gao Fei, Chongqing Ecological Environment Monitoring Center)

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