Fully mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain

Farmers are the main body of grain production, ensuring farmers 'grain income, and fully mobilizing farmers' enthusiasm for grain to plant grain, which is of great significance to ensuring food safety. Recently, readers have brought a letter to tell the problem of urgency in food production, and put forward opinions and suggestions.

The price of grain acquisition is generally stable, but the price of agricultural capital has risen rapidly, which has reduced the benefits of farmers' grain planting

"Planting crops is physical work, but now I look down on the ground. Most of them are left -behind elderly people and women. Most of the strong young people choose to go out to work and do not want to grow food." Qi Qiang, a farmer from Anyang, Henan, said "The income of working abroad is much more than planting grain. This is a real problem in front of farmers' families. For hard work, it is not as income for a few months of work. It's hard to mobilize. "

One end of food income is price and one end is cost. Since 2004, my country has gradually established an important agricultural product collection and storage system such as the minimum purchase price. This year, the state continued to implement the minimum purchase price policy of wheat and rice in the main grain producing areas. The minimum purchase price of wheat, Pakatana rice, mid -night rice, and japonica rice was increased compared to the previous year. These measures protect the interests of farmers and effectively avoid the "valley wounded farmers".

Because grain is an important strategic material, it is important to maintain stability of food prices. The overall stability of food prices also means that the rise of upside down is limited. Many farmers' friends said in the letter to the letter that relative to the price of food, agricultural capital prices have risen rapidly, increasing production costs. Essence

"The price of grain acquisition is stable, but the price of seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides sometimes rises very hard. Grain planting is not very profitable. Once the cost rises, it will make less." It is fertilizer. He calculated a account based on his own situation last year: "Last year, the price of urea and compound fertilizer here rose by about 10%. About 500 yuan, almost half of the income. "

Affected by multiple factors, the prices of multiple fertilizers in the first half of this year have increased rapidly. According to the "Changes in the Market Price of Emphasized Industry in the Circulation Field in early June 2022" issued by the National Bureau of Statistics, the market price of urea (small particles) in the national circulation field in early June reached 3187.4 yuan per ton, and the market price of the compound fertilizer was 4121.7 per ton 4121.7 Yuan, a significant increase year -on -year. Reader Mr. An is an agricultural capital dealer. He said: "The price and transportation of raw materials will have an impact on the price of agricultural capital. When the price of chemical fertilizers rises rapidly, our business is much deserted. Too high has a great impact on them. "

Mr. He from Ji'an City, Jiangxi is a large local grain farmer. He has more than 100 acres of fields. He has a large amount of fertilizer demand, and his pressure on rising costs is obvious. "Each bag of fertilizer increases a few dollars, adding up a lot of expenditures. On the other hand, if the price of fertilizers can be stabilized, the benefits of our grain planting are even more bottomed." The cost of planting grain planting to ensure the reasonable benefits of farmers breeding farmers. In 2022, the central government continued to issue a one -time agricultural subsidy to the farmers of the actual grain planting. Relevant departments and units also established a working mechanism for fertilizer and stability.

Land rent and labor costs are also large expenses for large grain farmers. A large grain farmer in Jining City, Shandong reported that the land he paid last year was 150 yuan per day, 50 yuan more than in previous years. At the same time, the land rent price has also increased, and the land rent in some places exceeds half of the cost.

Wu Xinfu, a reader in Cixi City, Zhejiang, said: "A variety of factors are intertwined and affect the production cost of grain planting. In addition to adhering to and improved effective subsidies and minimum purchase prices, they should also focus on exploring some long -term methods to enhance farmers' ability to resist risks. Make farmers more willing to plant land. "

The rapid development of business entities such as peasant cooperatives, and small farmers still face many difficulties in terms of stable production and income.

According to data released by the State Bureau of Statistics, in 2021, the average grain income of acres across the country was 824 yuan, the highest level in the past five years. However, in the eyes of farmers, grain income is still low. A farmer said: "Similarly, the same acre of land is used to plant fruits and vegetables, and the income can be doubled. This is not the income that is used in the field to work." The main reason for non -graining.

To ensure the income of grain planting, it is inseparable from more advanced business methods and higher production efficiency. In recent years, new types of agricultural operations such as family farms and farmers 'cooperatives have developed rapidly. Many places have effectively promoted grain production and farmers' income through moderate development of scale operations and improving agricultural scientific and technological content and mechanized levels. Compared with these business entities, small farmers who have less cultivated land and relatively backward operations still face many difficulties in terms of stable production and income.

Mr. Zhu, a reader of Wenchang City, Hainan, said: "We have a small amount of arable land per capita, and the land is fine. Even if there is no natural disaster or a decline in food prices, it is difficult for farmers to increase their income significantly through grain."

Bai Feiyu, a reader of Shangqiu City, Henan, is a post -90s farmer. He said: "In my hometown, my peers are almost in the field. The cultural level of the peasants of my father is generally not high. It is difficult to master them, let alone those older villagers. "

In addition, farmers have weak bargaining capabilities in terms of production materials procurement and agricultural product sales. In terms of information acquisition, they do not have advantages, especially in the face of the "big and small years" phenomenon in agricultural production, it is more difficult to ensure income. There are also many rural families who regard agricultural production as the side business, and lack the willingness to integrate into modern agriculture and grow grain production. According to the third agricultural census data, the number of small -scale farmers in my country accounted for more than 98%of agricultural business entities, and 90%of agricultural practitioners of small farmers accounted for 90%of agricultural practitioners. From the current stage, family operations based on small farmers are the main forms of agricultural operations in my country. Some readers believe that the demand for increasing yield and income of small farmers cannot be ignored, and many problems they face are largely caused by the business method of one -family and single -single fighting. The relevant departments need to strengthen guidance and support so that More beneficiated with small farmers.

In recent years, policy documents such as "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Policy Systems and Cultivating New Agricultural Business entities" and "Opinions on Promoting Organic Connection of Small Farmers and Modern Agricultural Development" have been introduced one after another to further clearly adhere to the basic position of family operations, support the protection of small farmers, Development ideas and policies. Various types of new agricultural operations have driven the value -added agricultural value chain and farmers' employment income. As of the end of 2021, there were more than 3.9 million family farms managed by the national agricultural and rural sector list, more than 2.2 million farmers cooperatives registered in accordance with the law in accordance with the law, and 95.5%of ordinary farmers among farmers' cooperatives; A total of nearly 14 million farmers have stable employment, and various types of agricultural industrialized organizations have driven 127 million farmers, and the average annual income of households exceeds 3,500 yuan.

Focus on the entire industrial chain of food production, make up for shortcomings, protect the capital, and increase efficiency, so that farmers benefit through grain planting

Some readers suggested in the letter of the letter that they should focus on the entire industrial chain of food production, discover and make up for shortcomings, keep the capital and increase efficiency, so that farmers can benefit more through grain.

"Let farmers willing to plant grains and various grains, we must improve the relevant policies and tools of income guarantee, and give the grain farmers to eat" Xinxin Wan "." Zhang Mengfan, reader of Sanming, Fujian, believes that in addition to continuing to use the subsidies of farmers for farmers, the lowest minimum subsidies for farmers, the lowest minimum raised grain farmers, minimum minimum subsidies for farmers, minimum food farmers. The purchase price policy is also recommended to innovate and expand agricultural insurance varieties based on the characteristics and risks of grain production in different regions, and provide more comprehensive and effective guarantee for grain planting households.

The deputy dean of the National Rural Research Institute of China Agricultural University stated that it is necessary to ensure the income of farmers breeding farmers and enhance enthusiasm for grain. , Agricultural equipment and other aspects must be exerted. For example, vigorously develop orders of agriculture and futures markets to resist the influence of market fluctuations; vigorously develop agricultural equipment, agricultural product processing industry, agricultural product storage and logistics industry, and socialized services to reduce production costs, increase added value, overcome the low efficiency of agricultural products such as food and other agricultural products The problem is to improve the efficiency and security of the entire industrial chain.

Feng Yin, a reader in Liaoyuan, Jilin, suggested that various forms are adopted to promote agricultural technology. "Whether planting grain gain will also affect costs. For example, some cooperatives can produce more efficiently than small farmers because they have mastered new planting techniques, reducing agricultural consumption such as fertilizer fertilizer, thereby reducing costs." She suggested to encourage cooperatives to encourage cooperatives to encourage cooperatives to encourage cooperatives , Large grain farmers drive small farmers to learn advanced grain planting techniques. Some colleges and research institutions can also organize online classrooms to provide technical guidance.

In some places, try the socialized service organizations to host grain, so that professional agricultural service teams take over agricultural procurement, agricultural machinery operations, control of control, warehousing and transportation and other links. Lin Jianxun, a reader in Taiyuan City, Shanxi, said that after the production links were custody, the original problem of the rations was solved, and because the professional team's knowledge and skills were more abundant, whether it was agricultural procurement or fertilizer medicine, it saved more than in the past. Most costs. "The agricultural production custody to the social service organization is actually integrating the decentralized plots through services to complete a large -scale operation that is difficult to achieve by one family." Lin Jianxun said.

Source: People's Daily

Reporter: Shen Tongrui

Edit: Cheng Ming

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