Zhou Libo: Commendation of Fighting and Construction —— From 1959 to 1961, the prose of prose selection selection preface

In the national prose close -ups from 1959 to 1961, we chose 50 articles and collected them in this episode.

The authors of 50 articles include professional essays, new and old cadres in various jobs, natural scientists and historians, as well as novelists, poets, directors, actors, editors, and various people in the society Essence参加写作的人丁这样地兴旺，足见散文是一种大家喜爱的形式，干部和群众不但要看它，而且大家都想试一试身手，把自己的所见，所闻，所想，所信， The investigation and the understanding of what dew is given to the reader. The Grand Grandpa is selfless and not conservative. This is a good thing. You must be thanked by people. I thanked them very much. After reading their things, I was encouraged, increased my knowledge, expanded my horizons, and seemed to travel to where their whereabouts arrived.

Why are there so many people participating in the production of prose? I think, first of all, as a critic said, prose is a "most free style" in literature. It does not have any rules and precepts, is not restrained by the rhyme and rhythm, there is no restrictions on venues, time, and characters. The subject matter is infinitely wide, and it varies from person to person. Coupled with the deep traditional, newspapers and magazines are needed, so that professional and amateur people are all people. I am happy and not afraid.

Secondly, there are many varieties of prose. In the past, people were accustomed to all chapters other than rhyme text, including long and short stories, and were called prose. Now, the novel has been divided into a considerable other, but there are types in the prose: sketches, casual, close -ups, communication, memories, travel notes, diaries, sketching and sketching, etc. All this is commonly referred to as the general names of people. prose. Due to the variety of varieties, the author estimates his own materials and choose any form of suitable content at will; and the content is really broad to the extreme. Wei's experience, a trace of feeling, a bunch of sadness, a sorrowful and happy, a star thought, the sorrowfulness of the past, and the joy of the present can be moved on the paper to contribute to the reader. Comrade Qin Mu said in his essay that he was "a wild horse riding a thought." In fact, not only him, all the essays are rider ride on a cute life with a hippocampus who do not tie reins.

Below, I want to talk about these 50 works.

Comrade Tao Zhu, the author of "Pine Tree", is a busy person, but when he sees the pine tree that everyone can see, he has the meaning of not necessarily. Syrian discussions, he explained some of the noble styles that belong to the pine tree and can be transplanted in people. "No matter how bad the environment is, you should grow up and work stubbornly; you will never be scared by difficulties and never succumb to the harsh environment." This is the style of pine trees, and how precious people should be.

The most perfect contemporary model reflecting this style is the leader of the people and Comrade Mao Zedong, the leader of the party. Among the 50 articles, two articles depicting his life and style. Comrade Fang Ji's "Between Waving" and Comrade Yan Changlin's "Millions of Millions in the chest" also impressed people. In "Between Waving", the author wrote an important historical fact at a turning point in the history of my country's revolution. After the Japanese invaders surrendered, Comrade Mao Zedong was invited to negotiate in Chongqing. On the airport, thousands of cadres and the masses were gathered to see him off. The author reappeared the true feelings and real scenes on the court at the time with the chairman's calm manner. After reading "There is a million soldiers in the chest", we seem to see Comrade Mao Zedong's command in the war. In those days when the dust and the fire, he also read English as usual. This is just the valuable quiet and optimistic character. In the huge waves, he is as stable as a mountain; treats the masses and kiss his family. The author uses simple pen and ink to draw a great and vivid image of the great people's leaders in fighting and daily life.

Comrade Yan Changlin is an amateur author. For three years, amateur authors have contributed greatly in prose, especially the revolutionary memoirs. However, in the three years, professional essays have also shown their skills. Bakin, Liu Baiyu, Yang Shuo, and Qin Mu are the extremely active four among professional authors. Not only do they write more, they also form their own unique style. For many years, Comrade Liu Baiyu has been the enthusiastic praise of the new life. He likes to use bright colors, lyrical tunes, to depict the majestic mountains and rivers of the motherland and the children of the hero. From the "Writing in the Sun", he asked readers to see the past and struggle in the Northeast, and he also saw the snow scene of the wilderness he was familiar with and attached. Silver fog, emerald, and black like ink rivers, and the red and green wild feathers in the snow appear in the eyes of the reader. In "The Three Days of the Yangtze River", he guided people to see seagulls, white fog, and snow -like boat sails, the wonderful scenery of the Three Gorges and the flowing flow of the Yangtze River. The author's pen was full of color and dipped in emotions again. Regardless of the shape or writing, every scene, each text, penetrated into the lyrical and harmonious tone. In "Writing in the Growth of the Sun", he said, "It's not to make a little speed to write a little quick posture for that year, nor does it want to leave a little atmosphere on the paper, but the main thing is that the main thing is For the impact of feelings. "This is a true self -description of his style. Because "the main thing is for the impact of emotions", calm observation is less than less; the ideal of enthusiasm sometimes passes through the objective reality, which is a feature of the author.

In terms of lyrics, the text of the novelist and the scattered literati Pakistana is similar to Comrade Liu Baiyu. Comrade Ba Jin's main energy is poured in novels and editors, but when the materials are appropriate, they are also stimulated by You Xing, and sometimes write a little prose. His "Reinning Old" described the style of this distant city. The narrative is a personal sigh and singing. The end of the article mentioned the story of Comrade Li Xin who was sacrificed in this city, which contained the meaning of far -reaching education. His other work, "Photos Bringing from Kamakura" records the story of the atomic disaster in Hiroshima, Japan, telling the heavy pen of the story and the color of the rainy days he encountered. In the article, the author is not only full of the anti -American resentment of the Peace Warriors, but also because it is about Japanese affairs, the style of the article is slightly as light and clear.

Because the report is outside the domain, or the remote city that passes through, observation may not be too deep. The author himself said, "I don't see enough, I think a lot." As his prose comment, his own two sentences are more appropriate than others say.

In recent years, in the row of prose, the writer who worked hard to be unique first made people think of Comrade Yang Shuo. In "Miking", the author uses simple brush strokes, sometimes heaven, sometimes on earth, sometimes Xianshan, sometimes hell, island, fishing villages, wild flowers and flying fish, as well as the miracles of the mirage, are really miscellaneous, all are, all of them, all of which The "real mirage is more novel and more meaningful than that fantasy dream." The deep reality of the fantastic scenery flashes in the fantasy scene.

The author is good at reproducing the current life in a sketch of a wonderful scene, a sketch of flowers and plants, and can also show the hard past and brilliant day of the motherland. In "Camellia", he watched famous flowers with a slightly self -control. "The spring in Yunnan is diligent in the footsteps, and it comes fast." There are still no winter season, where it is already spring. The simplified pen of the author, in this spring, gives people a thin fragrance, is really refreshing.

The pen and ink are concise, and the narrative understands is the specialties of the author; however, maybe because it is too reserved, the text on the text is slightly exposed. The article should be done, and it is not advisable to do too much. We believe that with the author's efforts, we will definitely surpass this pass and reach a more wonderful realm than now.

Comrade Qin Mu is also a unique family. Here are two of him, "Land" and "Huacheng". He fluently pouted his thoughts and feelings, and some common things often gave it some wonderful imagination and feelings. Which theme he wrote, he had knowledge, society, and history in what range he had. In "Land", he talked about the past and present of the land, talked about the vomiting and new emotions and meaning, but also mixed with the aroma of soil, dew, grass leaves, and flowers. The painful story. In "Huacheng", he wrote the scene of "light color flowers, a splendid" scene, and the people who read it also wanted to linger with the flower market with him.

The author depends mainly on rational complaints. It seems that there is less depiction, and the algae should also add a little bit.

Our era is a great era. Regardless of the past, or today, it is full of creampie events and characters. The people who have experienced and seen often are unhappy, pick one or two, and turn them into articles. Readers, in recent years, revolutionary memories have been in the surge, which is formed. Some of these texts are centered on events, and some are character. For example, "The Ending of the Tiger Group" and "Tian Family" are a good example of incident. In "The Ending of the Tiger Group", Comrade Xie Xuechou used clear brushwork to vividly reveal a exciting fighting fight. Because of the "seeing the person, the person knows is deep", the author has no stance in the text. He wrote the fierce enemies very powerful and stubbornly on the spot. Unlike ordinary people, he hooked the reactionaries into a simple set of Facebook or a tofu army. If the enemies who fight against us are just a few tofu, what heroes do our soldiers have? Writing the enemy is stubborn and difficult, not only will it not reduce our prestige, but it will also truly set off the fearlessness and courage of our army. "Tian Family Big" also wrote the enemy's stubbornness and cunning, which is actual. Defeated all kinds of strong enemies, overcomes heavy difficulties, the people are in power, and now they have started the construction of socialism; the red flags on three sides are welcoming the wind; and fighting and construction are closely connected. in this way. They participated in the bloody struggle to clean up the enemy yesterday, and today they put into work to conquer naturally forgotten labor. This is also fighting, there are also difficult, twists and turns, and even sacrifice. "Giant on the Yellow River" describes the labor of this battle. The author made a strokes that were aimed at the Sanmenxia construction site. Yesterday's soldiers became today's drilling hands. He connected fighting and building on his own. He used the spirit of self -sacrifice in the war era to engage in arduous homework; when he encountered danger, he first saved others and prepared to martyrs himself. His eyes are glowing with the fearlessness of the heroes. The Communist Party members and members of the Communist Youth League in "Hero's Train", when Hongfeng approached and the carriage was dangerous to be drowned immediately, one by one, decisively, rescued people first. The soldiers, cadres and students in the passengers were organized. Use collective power to overcome difficulties. They are small, young, old, strong and weak, three days and three nights, one after another resisting the flood, hunger, fatigue, and disease invasion. The action of this collective hero is the general typical emerging atmosphere of our country.

Who said that only novels are good at writing characters, prose cannot be used, and the two articles have successfully described the characters, but they are not fiction like novels, but the actual men and women. Basic articles based on writing characters, in the fifty articles, as well as "The Third Sister", "Recalling Water", "Liu Yasheng", "Nine Cookies", "Charity Ancient Lao Dang County Mayor", "Following the Old Horse", "Merlogy" "Stone Artists" and "Lighthouse Storm" and so on. "The Sister of the Third" describes a peaceful woman, faithfully for revolution, encountering crisis, and being martyrdom. Such heroes are a lot in the revolution. Their loyalty will always get the people's admiration. Xiu Shui is an orphan, and there is no name. In the Red Army, he became a powerful cadre. Liu Yasheng is a glorious image of intellectuals of transformation and exercise. He could withstand the torture and torture of the enemy's torture, and from beginning to end, he did not shake. The brutal enemy finally threw him into the Yangtze River. His name will never be immortal, and the shameful traitor who sells him will be punished from the people's hands. In the army, cooks are the hardest. When marching, they carried the military pot and provoked the burden of food; during the camp, others had rest and they were busy cooking. They are accustomed to doing these daily affairs in obscurity, but they are the indispensable parts of revolutionary machines. "Nine Cakes" depicts the group portraits of this seemingly ordinary but great hero. For the revolution, they fell one by one on the road of 25,000 miles. For the people, they all gave everything out of their own, so that they were precious life.

China's labor people are strong, capable and sensitive. "Charity of Charcoal", "Following the Old Horse", "Lighthouse Storm" and "Stone Artists" and "Merlogy", painted workers in various positions. Some of them are witty, some dexterous, some are responsible, and some are risky. From these chapters, we understand that labor makes people capable and smart, and laziness can only stagnate and foolish people.

In the prose of praising the hard -working and brave people, we should focus on "Pan Yongfu of the Struggle". Comrade Zhao Shuli has established his own unique style in the novel. This prose, although the novel, is slightly worse than the condensed kung fu, but also has some characteristics of his style. He used many cases to make lines and outlined a portrait of a person with a spiritual spirit. Pan Yongfu is too powerful, his ability is strong, creative, and a lofty quality of self -denial: He is a solid and business talent in the countryside, and it is also a real hero we need. In the new society, the new countryside is through millions of Pan Yongfu to use their hard -working hands, bricks, tiles, and one stone and one stone. The actualist style of the author's simple pen and ink and his characters appear to be very harmonious.

Among the 50 articles, there are many treasures that have increased their knowledge and expand their horizons. In the article "Inner Mongolia's Visiting Ancient", Comrade Mo Bozan enriched the content of the travel notes with his rich historical knowledge, and the text was very simple and fluent, and science and resignation merged into his pen. Comrade Xia Yan, who merged knowledge and chapter into a piece. His "Cuban" reflects the fashion and scenery of the airports of half the earth. Although it is always such a hurry, at this glance, it often gives people a lot of insights. Many comrades engaged in foreign affairs work, sometimes giving readers some unexpected fresh gifts, some foreign landscapes and customs. In addition to the works mentioned above, we also read "Cherry Blossom". The author puts the Japanese cherry blossoms' "crimson and colorful, and the colorful flowing" is mixed with the struggle of the Japanese people and the friendship between the Chinese and Japanese peoples. The "Indians" of Comrade Zhou and Fu Fu is the same style. He used full and fresh materials to strongly expose the brutality of colonials in history. While tracing back to the past, he also made a real and brief depiction of the status quo of the Indians.

There are some out -of -domains in the collection, and there are also many domestic travel notes. In addition to the above mentioned, the beautiful ones are "West Lake", "Peony Garden", "Shatian Water Show", "Snow Road Cloud Cheng", "Dengtai Mountain in the Rain", "Roaming Little Five", "Between Lakes and Mountains" and "Lake and Mountains" and " Recalling West Yulin "and so on. These travel notes may be beautiful and elegant with fullness and knowledge. They have mixed the magnificent scenery, hard building and beautiful life of the south to Yunnan, the Great Wall to the north, the west to Xinjiang, and the east to Shandong, and weaved into colorful pink paintings. Most of their authors have the obvious purpose of giving readers some knowledge and a little teachings, but there are also some chapters, such as "West Lake is the scenery" and "Deng Tai Mountain in the Rain". There is no deep meaning. Readers may ask questions, what is the meaning of such works for us? Do we need it? I think it is also necessary. In order to change the system of human exploitation, in order to transform the barren nature, we must have a difficult and dangerous struggle. Therefore, the spirit of the spirit of the struggle and depicting the spirit of the various characters in the struggle will always be the main theme of various forms of our literature. Essence However, in the struggle, people need to rest; people's spirit must also have some adjustments. Although readers love to watch the tense fighting, they also want to be easy, happy and beautiful. This relaxed, pleasant, and beautiful sketch will not only relax the fighting spirit of the soldiers, and eclipse the motivation of workers and peasants. On the contrary, after appreciation, people will have a fresh feeling, and they will have full physical strength and consciousness. Welcome to new battles and labor. With this indirect significance, they are beneficial to people and have become people's daily needs.

Comrade Yan Zhen's "Peony Garden" is the excellent product in the middle of such creation. The author describes the moving story in the light and rain, and is full of poetry in the painting, fully revealing the author's strokes of the author's poet.

The poet's work, as well as Comrade Xu Chi's "The Fish's Myth" and Comrade Zou Yifan's "Star Han". Describe the fresh things of the motherland.

The authors' personal experience and sincere friendship can often constitute deep and moving works. Comrade Wu Boxiao's "Remembering a Textile Value", Comrade Jiang Miaoxiang's "Following the Past", Comrade Wu Yan's "Bell" and Cao Jinghua and Tang Tao recalled Lu Xun's articles.

The daily labor of workers, farmers, cadres and intellectuals, and local customs can also become precious materials for prose artists. Here should be mentioned here, "Furnace Bian Night" and "Peach Cooked". The writing of these chapters is euphemistic, or to be refined, and do their best. The authors of "Leave" used the slim and brilliant words to exquisite the dance actors' thoughts, feelings and makeup. In the text, borrowing the author's own words, "it seems that the dewdrops that have gathered overnight flashed in the light of dawn." "Furnace Edge Night Talk" depicts rural life and customs with fresh brush strokes. The matter is extremely ordinary, and Wen Si is high. Both authors seem to be the young people who have entered Wenyuan. They should continue to move forward, devote themselves to the rapids of life, expand their horizons, so that future works will be more deeper and more magnificent.

For brothers' works, we chose two articles. In "The Story of the Deer", Comrade Marla Qinfu narrated a thrilling and interesting story of deer hunting, and also reflected the strange life of Hubei Spring. "Porch Water Festival" writes the customs of the people of the Dai people, as well as their past suffering and the joy of today. "Blossom water and splash laughed", this is the liberated people of the Dai people, and it is also a summary of the common life of the people of all ethnic groups.

In the great era of socialist construction, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and Comrade Mao Zedong, the majority of people in my country raised three red flags, overcoming difficulties, and creating all kinds of miracles to conquer nature. This glory and gorgeous reality provides writers with infinitely rich and extremely extensive themes. Prose is a very suitable form that quickly reflects a variety of themes. Why is prose convenience? What does it look like? What is different from other literary forms? Our readers may want to issue this series of questions. After a few years of inspection, a large number of works, for the above issues, we have put forward some mature opinions below. Modern prose close -up is a new type of extremely spiritual art cultivated by newspapers and magazines. It is different from the news, but it is different from poetry, novels and dramas. It has the following characteristics:

Description of real people is the primary feature of prose. The essays must rely on travel visits to investigate and research to accumulate rich materials; they must clearly clear the events of the incident, the true appearance of the characters, and the real scene of the venue, and then put on the paper. Prose close -ups cannot be rely on fiction. The main difference between it and the drama is here.

Treatment of characters and things, mainly based on the method of white trails, this is the second feature of prose close -ups. Of course, this technique is also very important in the novel, but the novel also has fantasy, plot and dialogue, etc. to traction readers. Prose writers mainly use white descriptions to portray characters and reproduce the scene. With a careful efforts, the structure can be "scattered", which can also give people a full and vivid feeling.

Paying attention to tailoring and focusing on rhetoric is the common characteristic of all literary and artistic arts, and the third characteristic of prose. Generally speaking, prose has no fantasy and plots like novels, lack of drama, and not like poetry. In order to maintain the charm of art, it should pay more attention to the smoothness and beauty of the article. There is no literary talent, lacking luster, "language is tasteless, like a stingy three", turning over and over, only "a set of student cavity", even if it has sufficient content, and the important personnel written, it will not be too popular. "It is nothing but not far away." Our essays need to pay more attention to this. We should inherit and carry forward the traditions of the words of the articles of all ages, and refer to the glorious height of prose.

Our selection work will come to an end. We want to deeply thank the editor -in -chief comrades of the national art newspapers. They carried out extensive primary elections. There are more than 100 prose recommended by newspapers and periodicals in the country. The People's Literature Publishing House also designated three comrades: Long Shihui, Mo Wenzhen, and Zhang Xiehao, who picked more than 70 articles from these articles, and finally selected 50 articles. Our work must be a little bit lost and rough. At the end of this preface, I would like to look forward to Gaifen's advice with sincere mood.

October 1962

(Originally containing "Literature and Art", No. 11, 1962)

WeChat editor: Lu Yimeng

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