How does the height difference of 1 cm cause trouble to hundreds of millions of people?

Non -obstacle is developed from the needs of people with disabled people

But what benefits from it is everyone in our society

Because each of us will grow old

Fu Yicheng · China Urban Planning and Design Research Institute

Shenzhen Branch Urban Planner

Among my country's 1.4 billion people, 85 million disabled people, that is, one of 15 people is every 15 people. At the same time, the elderly over 60 years old in my country have reached 260 million, and my country has entered an aging society. Among these 260 million elderly people, more than 40 million elderly people are disabled and semi -disabled, and they are the main group of barrier -free.

It can be seen that the number of this group is very large, and their demand is also very large. So what other barrier -free problems need to be solved?

Urban disorders are everywhere

Completed: 10%///////////

Let me share the story of a project research first. Our project has Professor Jin Guangjun from Harbin Institute of Technology. He is engaged in barrier -free research, and he is also a wheelchair user. He proposed that we can investigate a urban area where ordinary people think they are very comfortable walking and see what will feel like wheelchair users? So we came to a block in Shenzhen, a neighborhood that is very comfortable and suitable for our ordinary Pacers.

In this neighborhood, the first encounter by wheelchair users is that after he arrived at the bus platform, the arrival obstacles between the bus and the bus platform were reached. And because there are no ramps in the neighborhood, and the roadstone in all neighborhoods is high than the ground, so his wheelchair should be lifted up and down.

At the same time, in this block, 90%of the underlying business has steps. Therefore, ordinary people walk here for 10 minutes, and wheelchair users take 50 minutes to finish, which is 5 times that normal people take.

Specifically, what kind of obstacles will wheelchair users encounter in the urban environment?

Yuanshi Tosho

In fact, in 2012, the standards of our country have strictly stipulated that all the parts of all the fate of the stone ramp can not exceed 10 mm, which is 1 cm. In 2021, in this national standard, this distance was reduced to 0 mm. In other words, when the road is connected to the road on the road, no height difference can occur. But in real life, the distance between the stone slope we encounter is often higher than 1 cm, or even three or five centimeters. This is a very unfriendly level for wheelchair users.

Wheel chair ramp slope schematic diagram

What obstacles will wheelchair users encounter? When he wants to enter a place or go to the store, he often encounters steps. At this time, he will use wheelchair slopes. The standards of our country have clearly stipulated that the slope of the wheelchair slope should be less than or equal to 1: 20, which is the yellow part of the above figure, which is a safe and comfortable range.

However, the slope we encountered in the investigation even reached 1: 5, which is very unsafe for wheelchair users. His body needs extreme leaning, and even if someone walks with him to push the wheelchair, it will be very difficult.

The above are some small obstacles that wheelchair users will encounter in the pedestrian blocks that we feel very comfortable. So what obstacles will they encounter if a blind friend goes to the neighborhood?

Blind Road Disadvantage

First of all, the biggest problem is that because many of the blind roads in our city are discontinuous, if they use these marching blind roads, they will be interrupted by the manhole cover. Or like these two blind lanes in the picture above, they are the blind roads built in different periods, so they are not continuous. If our blind friends use this blind lane, we can imagine that he can't get a clear instruction. If you are interested in observing, you will find that the relationship between blind roads and manhole cover in our city is very interesting. When the blind road encounters the manhole cover, it is either to be detoured, or it will be roughly spliced. For blind friends, the information obtained is very chaotic and even dangerous.

These two photos are a bus platform taken by my friend. You can see that this blind road has been occupied by the seat. This is also what we will mainly discuss when observing obstacles: The hardest hit areas of blind roads often appear on bus platforms. Because many bus platforms have only been built and adjusted in the later period after the construction of road construction is completed and the blind road laid. If a blind friend comes out of the subway and transferred to the bus along this blind road, it can be imagined that he will hit this seat, which is very dangerous.

No matter where we are going, the surrounding environment has rich visual information to provide us with direction. But for blind friends, their vision is damaged, so they perceive that the world is more dependent on hearing and touch. In our environment, tactile and hearing information is extremely lacking.

Blind touch information prompt desk

We surveyed 257 cross -street intersections, with only 8 voice prompts, and all the public places and bus platforms we surveyed had no information about the touches. It can be seen that whether it is a wheelchair user, a blind, or more other obstacles, the obstacle of our city is actually everywhere.

Shenzhen Futian District-

The first "zero high difference" barrier -free center area in China

Completed: 30%///////////

So how should we solve these obstacles? After Shenzhen proposed to build a national barrier -free city, the answer was first provided in Futian Central District. Within these 5.4 square kilometers, the central area of ​​Shenzhen has built the nation's first intelligent "zero height" barrier -free central area.

Barrier -free Central District, Futian District, Shenzhen

In this scope, how can we solve the problem of barrier -free? The first is that each barrier -free facility must meet the standards, complete construction, and at the same time, the entire barrier -free facility system must be fully continuous. In the end, more than 40 roads, more than 90 plots and more than 100 intersections in these 5.4 square kilometers were fully achieved. What are the specific methods?

Zero high difference

First of all, we have achieved zero -height differences on more than 100 intersections. The treatment of this zero height difference is very delicate. It includes the interface of the roadstone, including the safe island, including the space for the intermediate rest when crossing the street. These places are completely flat with the floor of the car and the floor of the car.

Zero high difference

Everyone may consider that if all pedestrian roads and car roads are connected with zero high differences, it may bring some safety issues of motor vehicles. So we have set up safe protective piles on all interfaces for motor vehicles. Although it is flattened, it will also provide a lot of security. We also set up good -looking and height flower beds on both sides of the safe island. This also gives the public a certain sense of security, and its landscape is also very beautiful. We have also been discussing that the intersection of Futian Central District is exquisite and highly valuable.

Put the slope in advance

The excellence of this systematic barrier -free central area is that on the one hand, it not only processes all the intersection of all intersections, including the entrances and exits of the vehicles of all plots. The ground and slowly and gentle connection on the ground allows people to walk in a continuous environment.

Anti -slip paving at the intersection

On the other hand, it is also very friendly to use non -slip paving in an important place such as the intersection, which is very friendly for the elderly and people with inconvenient actions. Especially in the rainy season in Shenzhen, when there are many rainy days, this non -slip paving can ensure that the walking safety of the elderly is sufficient.

People-non-machine three sections

During the process of optimization of the road environment, all roads in the Futian center area realize the space separation settings of crowded space, non -motorized vehicle space and motor vehicle space, which can ensure the safety of our pedestrians to the most effectively.

Consecutive blind lanes and smart bus platforms

In this continuous and safe pedestrian environment, we have laid standard and continuous blind roads. The blind road adopts an integrated standard, and the relationship with the bus platform is very friendly. And its instructions are very clear, which can provide a very clear direction and instruction for blind friends.

Continuous blind road

We can also see that the relationship between blind roads and manhole covers is more friendly, and even seamlessly. The manhole cover becomes part of the blind road. When the blind friends walk on the blind road, it may not feel that there is a manhole cover below.

Cross -street voice reminder

At the same time, we have set up a prompting voice beeurite at the traffic lights at the important crossroads, which is to encourage our blind friends to have more opportunities to travel independently. I can perceive the changes in the red and green light signals through hearing, which is undoubtedly icing on their travel. Wisdom lamp

At the same time, all important cross intersections have a smart light rod. Not only is the effect of lighting, it also has a camera. This camera can capture the body of like wheelchair users, elderly people, and people with inconvenient actions, and feedback to the traffic lights through the combination of the simulation of video AI technology, and feedback to the traffic lights. When they cross the road, some wide intersections will extend the time of pedestrian green lights. In this way, people with inconvenient actions can pass the intersection calmly and safely.

This systematic barrier -free center area is still optimizing, and it has a lot of rest facilities in green spaces on the street. Elderly people with physical strength, physical disorders, or children, when they are tired on this street, they can have a rest.

Our street space is no longer a concept of transportation, but a concept of a neighborhood that can roam and stop to stop.

A family who pushes a wheelchair roaming

We also went to Futian many times to investigate and observe. This time, we captured the family who pushed the family on the wheelchair and roaming throughout the neighborhood.

We followed them for about twenty minutes.

They spent many zero -height intersections in this block, which can pass slowly. Therefore, their family has been chatting, saying and laughing, they can't feel the obstacles that have existed in these environments and may bring them troubles.

At the same time, we can also see more block users, such as children who are like a slip -to -balance car and his running mother, aunt who take a cart to buy vegetables, and a mother who pushes the baby in the baby car independently They can better use this space.

Cabainers can continue to optimize with the advancement of science and technology. Futian Central District has handed over a systematic answer with a systematic barrier -free. I believe it will have better possibilities in the future, including combining the development and progress of science and technology, our blind roads can be more intelligent and more accurate.

Cabinning transformation of the community

Completed: 60%///////////

In addition to the central area of ​​the city, what other barriers are there in our community? We learned through investigations and interviews that 85%of the disabled people are active in the community, including the elderly and children. They have used community facilities for a long time. Therefore, the community as part of a barrier -free city has an urgent practical significance.

Interview site

We proposed a barrier -free transformation plan in the Buxin Community in Bao'an District, Shenzhen and Jiahua New Village in its jurisdiction to understand their demands through interviews with residents.

The area of ​​the entire Buxin community is 2 square kilometers, especially in the Jiahua New Village, many elderly people in this community. And because there are some blind massage shops on their commercial blocks, some visually impaired people are also concentrated.

There are parks, supermarkets, shopping malls, schools, etc. in the community, and the community health service center we are going to, which are basically within this range. However, these facilities are currently inconvenient for many disabled people and elderly people. How to make the residents in this community use these facilities conveniently and non -obstacles is a starting point for our design solutions.

There are many steps in front of the park entrance (top) and in front of commercial streets (below)

We collected the common demands of disabled people, the elderly, and residents. They raised a very key issue, which is the difference. In this community, the park's entrance is a large step in front of the park, which reduces the willingness of wheelchair users and elderly people with physical strength to enter the park to play. At the same time, there are two major commercial streets in the community, and there are several steps in front of commercial stores in the street, so it is difficult for them to use these commercial facilities.

Crowded vehicle (top)

Red and green light signals short (medium)

Cabin -free toilet supply is insufficient and there is no rest facilities (below)

Another problem is the safety and comfort of pedestrian. Because there are no people in the community-African-Machine traffic separation, everyone will feel that it is not safe to walk on the road of the community. Some community roads are too wide, but the signals of traffic lights are very short, so they are also very anxious when crossing the road. Some people have suggested that because there is no barrier toilet in the community, or the supply of ordinary toilets is insufficient, the elderly do not go far in the community and can only move near home. Then I walked to the street without rest, so the elderly usually moved at home.

In response to the above problems, we propose a solution for community life so that they can easily visit these high -frequency places.

Cabin -free scheme design drawing

The first is the idea of ​​systematic optimization. In the community, we have opened up a community ring road with high -frequency places such as parks, schools, supermarkets, and business. To achieve a zero -height difference on this ring road and two commercial streets, at the same time, combined with the needs of residents, we provide more than 10 community resting facilities. No barrier -free, and the three parks contained in the community must have barrier -free entrances.

Because there is no subway near this community, the public travel of residents mainly depends on buses, which is also a very important part of community travel. Therefore, we also proposed that the nine bus platforms in the area must achieve barrier -freeization to support the entire community's barrier -free life. Jiahua New Village Cabinetless Plan Picture

In the residential area of ​​Jiahua New Village, which focuses on the elderly and visually impaired people, we also have some targeted practices.

When we interview with them, they generally reflect that a big problem in this old community is that it is difficult to park. Many motor vehicles will occupy the ground of pedestrian. Because the entrances and exits of their community pedestrians are not separated, the car dealers and pedestrians are mixed with each other in the community, which is very unsafe for pedestrians. It is even worse for disabled people and elderly people with inconvenient operations.

Snake parking schematic diagram

So after entering this residential area, the first thing we do is the diversion of people and vehicles. Give out more parking spaces through three -dimensional parking and move the space of our people. Secondly, the separation of the owner of the car and the owner's entrance to the car dealers has sorted out the complete and smooth people's action line in the entire residential area. On this line, we have identified the key points of 18 high differences and difficulty to cross.

For example, the steps in front of their community activity rooms are very steep, and the slope of each unit's hukou is actually not in line with standards, as well as a certain height difference between overhead layer space and ground space. Therefore, we propose to calm down these key nodes in advance to improve the gentle walking path of the zero -height difference between the entire pedestrian pavement of the community.

Future: more humane community services

Completed: 80%///// ‍ /////

In addition to community travel, which more humanized services can we provide? In the past two years, Shenzhen has successively introduced some new standards, which are surprising and moving. The standard stipulates the area of ​​the rehabilitation room of the community disabled person, the area of ​​the elderly, and the area of ​​community houses for daily care for people with disabled people.

In the future, under this standard guidance, we can create more functional spaces in the community, including the demand for the care of the disabled, the demand for the shelter of the obstacles, the kindergarten of the combination of autistic children and ordinary children, and the support for care The space, even the employment training and employment venues of the disabled.

These community spaces are actually realized in many developed countries and advanced regions, such as Singapore. In the future, in more places in Shenzhen and even the country, our community will provide more humanized services for the disabled people and the elderly.

Let's expand the connotation and concept of barrier -free. In addition to ordinary, basic travel needs and the needs of daily home community life, what other needs do they have? We can think of ordinary people's needs in society -of course, they also have the needs of integrating services such as medical treatment, recuperation, education, employment, leisure and entertainment, etc. But because they are different from us, they cannot enjoy these needs equally.

In this regard, I will share with you a small case, and it is also a service facility provided by Shenzhen in the past two years to actively respond to the construction of barrier -free cities and provide special groups of society.

The proportion of spermatozoa children in Shenzhen, including autistic children, is high in first -tier cities across the country. We have entered many autistic families, and some children have become adults. But their parents told us that the cognition and behavior of autistic children are different from ordinary children. Because there were no special education schools before, their children could not receive education. Most of them stayed at home in their lives, and they were taken care of and received education at home, so it was difficult for them to truly integrate into society, or have a specialty and skills.

But now we have special education schools for autistic people, and they have more opportunities to receive equal education. And in fact, many of them are talented, so they have the opportunity to catch up or even surpass ordinary children.

Shenzhen Second Special Education School (Guangming District)

In addition to the First Special Education School, Shenzhen has built a second special education school for autistic children to provide them with the entire consecutive nine -year compulsory education.

Shenzhen Zhuxiang School (Futian District) Medical and Teaching

Futian District has also built school -level schools for autism education. Such schools are different from ordinary schools. It has correction capabilities for autism children. On the one hand, it is a school that allows autistic children to receive knowledge education; on the other hand, it is a hospital, providing a recovery and medical service for autistic children.

In such an environment, autistic children can receive equal education, and they will have the possibility of further integration into society in the future. Of course, in addition to educational facilities, other facilities and public services will also bring more possibilities to people -free people.

In the end, what I want to share with you is that traveling is important in the topic of obstacles, but it is not limited to travel.It includes the needs of a person's life in this society.At the same time, the barrier -free work was developed from the needs of disabled people, but it benefited from everyone in our society.Because each of us will grow old, we will need to use these barrier -free facilities. The construction of barrier -free cities is preparing for the aging society.Each of us can also add bricks to non -obstacle cities, and transform the concept of barrier -free concepts from the previous inherent concepts. It is aware that this is a thing of social construction.Essence

- END -