Can the Black Sea Grain Transportation Agreement be effectively implemented in the Black Sea Grain Transportation Agreement?

The process of signing a twists and turns of agreement has already foreshadowed to a certain extent

The execution of the protocol is more difficult

A agreement by the Secretary -General of the United Nations Gutres as the "Lighthouse in the Hope in the Black Sea" was quickly covered after signing.

On July 27th local time, representatives of Turkey, Russia, Ukraine, and United Nations held the official operation ceremony of the Black Sea Food Foreign Transportation Coordination Center at the Turkish National Defense University in Istanbul. Five days ago, under the witness of Turkish President Erdogan and UN Secretary -General Gutres, Russian Defense Minister Shoigugu and Ukraine Infrastructure Minister Kubrakov "appeared in the same frame" in Istanbul, respectively Signing an agreement with the same content as the coordinator and Turkey, reaching an agreement on the reoperation of the Black Sea grain transportation route that was blocked by the Russian -Ukraine conflict. However, Shaygu and Kubrakov refused to sign the name on the same document and also refused to shake hands. Ukraine officials say they don't want their names to appear on the same document as Russians' names, because "this five -month war has killed thousands of people and millions of Ukraines have been displaced."

On July 22, the UN Secretary -General Gutres (front left), Turkish President Erdogan (front right), Russian Defense Minister Shaygou (back left) and Turkish Defense Minister Akal attended the signing ceremony. Photo/Visual China

Since the upgrade of Russia and Ukraine in late February this year, this is the first formal agreement reached by the two countries in public news. If the agreement can be executed, nearly 22 million tons of wheat, corn and other grains that remain at the port of Ukraine to the port of Ukrainian ports as soon as possible can not only alleviate the grain crisis, but also become a catalyst for Russia and Ukraine to further lead to peace talks.

But only one day later, Odessa, a port city in southern Ukraine, was attacked by Russian missiles, as the Black Sea Transport Channel Fortress. The Russian Ministry of Defense said on the evening of July 23 that the Russian and Air Force used high -precision long -range air -based missiles on the same day, destroying the weapon collection station of a military airport in Odessa, where there were a large number of weapons provided by the United States and Europe to Ukraine, including The "fish fork" anti -ship missile provided by the United States. Ukrainian President Zeleki condemned that the attack was a agreement that Russia had just reached. When he received the visit to the US Congress delegation, he said: "No matter what Russia says and promises, he will find a way to not execute it."

In order to promote the signing of the agreement, Turkey and the United Nations worked hard for several months, and eventually made significant progress on July 13th, and agreed to sign the formal agreement with both Russia and Ukraine on the 22nd. Although Turkey revealed the signing of contracts to the international community 24 hours ahead, the Russian and Ukraine officials kept silent, and they did not speak up until the afternoon of the 22nd, and they made it clear that each delegation had been sent to the signing ceremony.

Although the final signing of the agreement is different from the pre -planned Quartet and obviously discounts, all parties, including the United Nations, still hold a positive attitude towards the agreement. UN Secretary -General Gutres said that even if the agreement is facing challenges, it will still play a role in stabilizing global food prices and provide more food for developing countries and disadvantaged groups on the edge of famine. Turkish President Erdogan, which played a key role in the signing of the agreement, also said that Turkey is proud to play an important role in an agreement that is about to resolve the global grain crisis.

After the agreement is signed, a grain export coordination center managed by Turkey, Ukraine, Russia and the United Nations will be established in Istanbul to jointly control the inspection of port cargo. No weapon. The details of the agreement also include Ukrainian vessels to guide grain vessels to enter and exit the waters of mining ports, and Russia agrees to rest during the movement of the goods. At the same time, Turkey plans to invite non -NATO member countries to discharge lightning in related waters to clean the safe channel for cargo ships.

The validity period of this agreement is 4 months. If the agreement expires and the war is not over, the agreement will be automatically extended. According to the plan of the United Nations, all parties hope to restore the amount of food transportation in Ukraine through the Black Sea in the next few weeks to the level of 5 million tons per month before the war. At present, Ukraine's grain exports are only sixths of the pre -war level. one.

However, a wave of twists and turns for signing has a certain extent that the implementation of the agreement is more difficult. There is a serious distrust between Russia and Ukraine, which is still in the battle, and a new trend on any battlefield may cause this difficult agreement to die instantly.

From the perspective of operation, it is not a small challenge to transport thousands of tons of grain. Even optimistic estimates, the black sea ship transportation needs at least a few weeks to recover. To clean up a few kilometers of safety channels, it is just a thunderbolt on the outside of the Ukrainian shore. It takes less than ten days and more than a few months.

After the attack on Adessa on July 23, Gutres issued a statement on the same day to condemn through a spokesman. He also emphasized that Russia, Ukraine and Turkey must fully implement the just reached agreement. The White House said that the attack on the Odessa caused questioning the agreement, and the United States will continue to discuss with the international community to increase the choice of Ukraine's grain exports through land.

Send 2022.8.1 Total Issue 1054 "China News Weekly" magazine

Magazine title: Shadow shrouded in "The Lighthouse in Hope in the Black Sea" Author: Zhu Zhaoyi

Capture: Wang Lin

- END -