Agricultural Cultural Heritage: How to be more shiny today

On the water surface, a plant of rice enters a period of pregnancy; under the water surface, a tail tail red fish swim in the rice field. After thousands of years of "swimming", "swimming" into the world stage. A few days ago, the world's first batch and China's first important agricultural cultural heritage Qingtian rice fish symbiosis system once again attracted the attention of the world. The Global Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage Conference was held in Qingtian County, Zhejiang Province. The largest scale, the highest level, and the largest impact.

In May this year, Fujian Anxi Tieguanyin Tea Culture System, Inner Mongolia's Arukorqin Caigo Nomadic System, Hebei Province Drought Stone Stone Terrace System was identified as an important agricultural cultural heritage of the world by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. The number ranks first in the world.

In the long history, human beings have created bright farming civilization. In the thousands of years of agricultural labor practice of the Chinese nation, it has bred infinite farming wisdom, creating rich agricultural systems such as terraces, rice, nomadic, and courtyards. The colorful folk culture such as Qingtian Fish Lantern has left many agricultural and cultural heritage that is still vivid.

Today, when we walk into the agricultural cultural heritage as a tourist, what kind of scenery can we see? What farming culture can you taste? Today, how can the agricultural and cultural heritage that has gone through thousands of years, how can it be better in the present and the future?

Looking at the scenery, it is a farming wisdom that has passed on for thousands of years

"The river has a lot of blue water, and the fields are not yellow." At around April of each year, Xinghua, Jiangsu, rapeseed flowers bloom, and the golden and blue sky and blue water sprinkled into fun. Visitors can take a boat through the staggered Hong Kong 汊, and they can also get into the rapeseed field into the stack of drunk. In Yunnan, the layers of red river Hani terraces explained what "nature overturned the color disk" with rich colors and picturesque scenery, showing the beautiful artwork of "earth sculpture".

These or magnificent landscapes have the same titles -important agricultural cultural heritage worldwide. Zhejiang Huzhou Sangji Fish Pond System, Jiangxi Wannian Rice Cultural System, Yunnan Pu'er Tea Garden and Tea Culture System, Aonaham Agricultural System of Aohan Drought in Inner Mongolia ... Throughout my country ’s important agricultural cultural heritage, each place has unique The scenery. More importantly, behind the scenery, there is a farming wisdom and culture that has been inherited for thousands of years.

How unique and eye -catching? In 2012, my country took the lead in the excavation of the national -level agricultural cultural heritage. So far, it has identified 6 batches of 138 important agricultural cultural heritage in China. "Become a global important agricultural cultural heritage, and must first be selected for the list of important agricultural cultural heritage in China, and selected a list of preparations for the global important agricultural cultural heritage. On this basis, five standards must be reached: ensuring food and living safety; biological diversity and ecology Multifunctional; with a unique agricultural knowledge system and adaptive technology; with a unique agricultural cultural value system and social organization, otherwise it will not be inherited to this day; it has unique natural landscape and land and water resources management system. There must be a relatively long history and promise to protect future protection. "Li Xiande, deputy chairman of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Global Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage Science Consultation Group and researcher at the Institute of Agricultural Economy and Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

It can be seen that without historical accumulation, no wisdom condensation, and no cultural heritage, it is impossible to tell China's bright agricultural civilization as an important agricultural cultural heritage worldwide.

More than 1300 years ago, Qingtian's ancestors faced the geographical conditions of "Jiushan, half water and half a field", and created a "rice and fish coexisting with fish and fat fields, coexisting with rice, fish food". There are fish with water; the ancestors of the mulberry fish pond system built water conservancy projects and flood prevention, dug the depression of all year round into fish ponds, pond mud stacked surrounded by ponds, forming a history of more than 2,500 years "Fish farming in the pond, mulberry, mulberry leaf fed silkworms, silkworm sand feed fish, fish dung ponds, pond mud mulberry" green circulating ecological model; Hani rice terraces system make full use of mountain resources, forming forests in The middle and villages are in the middle and the terraces. The water system runs through the ecological layout ...

"These farming culture representing China's wisdom has contributed a rich and leading farming method to the world, creating a magnificent agricultural ecological landscape, which is of great value for protecting species' heritage resources and biodiversity." Sun Yehong, a member of the Committee and a professor at the School of Tourism, Beijing United University, said that 18 important agricultural cultural heritage in my country involves almost all industries of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishing. The charm of ancient Chinese agricultural culture shows the international stage.

Li Xiande analyzed that the farming wisdom and civilization contained in my country's important agricultural cultural heritage in China can be mainly summarized as three points. The first is to fully reflect the wisdom of the ancient Chinese people's sustainable utilization of agricultural resources. Planting crops on the place of floods into fish and rice will be turned into the hometown of fish and rice. The second is to reflect the wisdom of the ancient Chinese exploring the development of ecological green agriculture. Prior to the invention of fertilizer pesticides, the traditional Chinese agricultural diseases and insects were controlled by various methods such as insects and insects, and there were also farming measures to block the spread of pests through water -drought rotation and stubble rotation. Used in large quantities. Third, rich cultural forms contain a large amount of farming knowledge and life wisdom. Hani's four -season production adjustment records the taboos of terrace production technology and etiquette, and instructs people to engage in and what agricultural production activities. Therefore, when we walk into the world's important agricultural cultural heritage, we can do our best, not only the magnificent or beautiful scenery, but also the endless and splendid Chinese farming civilization.

When agricultural heritage and tourism collide, what can tourists and local residents gain

Entering the Qingtian Rice and Fish Symbolism System Museum, the main exhibition hall of Qingtian Rice and Fish Systems, the Department of Important Agricultural Cultural Heritage, the Chinese Rice Cultural Hall, and the Danshui Fish Hall of the Minjiang River, which fully demonstrates the historical origin and ecological model of rice and fish symbiosis systems. , Farming skills and cultural heritage and development. "The main building of the museum uses the faster image of the fish as the shape, and it is naturally harmonious with the landscapes in the landscape of the inheritance. Hong Yuli told reporters that this open natural ecological museum is a window to understand the Qingtian rice and fish symbiosis system and important agricultural cultural heritage.

This window is a business card for Qingtian tourism today. In addition, the theme park, the "Rice and Fish Love" Cultural Festival, and the performance of Qingtian fish lanterns are also important parts of the development of agricultural heritage tourism.

Agricultural cultural heritage is a farming culture class that the ancients left with hard work and wisdom. At the moment, it has also become a tourism resource. Compared with the simple sightseeing tour, the resource of agricultural cultural heritage can give tourists more cultural experience. Sun Yehong observed that in recent years, the agricultural cultural heritage has attracted many tourists. Many agricultural cultural heritage land actively carried out the integration of agricultural and cultural tourism, fully tapped the cultural and wisdom contained in the local agricultural cultural heritage, developed related tourism products, and used tourism as a driving heritage site. Economic development, improving the brand value of the inheritance land and the important way of improving residents' livelihood. For example, the mulberry fish pond system uses research tourism as a characteristic to form a popular science research experience base; the Red River Hani rice terrace system combines terraces tourism with photography, ethnic culture, ecological recreation and other combination to provide tourists with a wealth of tourism experience. There are also some agricultural cultural heritage to explore theme tourism products, establish theme restaurants, theme museums, etc., and strive to present the characteristics of agricultural heritage to tourists.

Such exploration and development are indeed not a minority. The reporter learned in the interview that Fujian Anxi, who did not talk about the world, first grade Guanyin Tea ", launched a number of tourism routes with the theme of tea culture. "Visitors can visit the 'Haisi Tea Road' in Anxi, listen to tea culture classes in the birthplace of Tieguanyin, enjoy the spring in Chashan Chatazhongzhong, take the tea garden ancient road, watch tea art performances, experience tea making, etc." Anxi County agriculture and rural areas Zhang Changshui, a member of the Party Group and director of the Agricultural District Planning Center, told reporters.

Sun Yehong believes that on the basis of traditional tourism tourism, agricultural heritage tourism is more important to provide tourists with heritage -related knowledge and experience. Therefore, research tourism, ecological recreation tourism, and farming experience tour is an important form of tourism tourism tourism. Due to the close combination of the living, production and ecological environment of agricultural cultural heritage, the living, production and ecological environment of the local residents will make travel more local characteristics and integration, and it will also become an important factor in attracting tourists.

Li Xiande introduced to reporters that there are many things to develop in the integrated development of agricultural and cultural travel in Guangxi Longji Terraces, Jiangsu Xinghua Dingtian Agricultural System, and Yunnan Honghe Hani Terraces. Taking the dragon -ridge terraces as an example, in addition to the spectacular and beautiful landscape, the dragon -ridge terraces live in strong ethnic minorities such as Zhuang and Yao, where tourists can experience traditional agricultural production activities such as plowing, plowing, cut rice, catching fish, and ravioli. Experience ethnic minority songs and dances such as top bamboo bar, back bride, long drum dance and red festival, and drying festivals.

"The homestays, catering, etc. of the Longji Terraces have developed well, which has driven the villagers of Dazhai Village where the terraces are located." In Li Xiande's view, the most worthy learning mechanism for the development of the tourism industry is the most worthy learning mechanism for the participation of the tourism industry : Part of the revenue of scenic spots as the use of terraces landscape and compensation for terraces maintenance has greatly improved the enthusiasm of farmers breeding rice.

Tourists have enjoyed the farming landscape and harvesting cultural experiences; local residents lived in the mountains and green water, and they have higher income; the essence of the farming culture that inherits the thousand -year -old farming not only continues to shine, but also has a greater popularity -constantly promoting agriculture In the practice of cultural heritage protection, the proper development path of "fire" is undoubtedly a win -win model for multi -party.

In the excavation, how to "live" the agricultural cultural heritage in the excavation and the inheritance of the use of the inheritance of the agricultural cultural heritage

Today, we can talk to the Chinese farming civilization that we have come from history for thousands of years, and we can see the one, one hill, one rice and one fish, which is inseparable from the protection, inheritance and utilization of the excavation, inheritance and utilization of the agricultural cultural heritage, etc. Work hard. In 2002, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization launched an initiative of important agricultural cultural heritage in the world. China is the earliest responder, firm supporter, successful practitioners, important promoters and main contributors of this initiative. In 2012, my country took the lead in the excavation of important agricultural cultural heritage in the world. The central "Document No. 1" in 2016 clearly proposed the census and protection of agricultural cultural heritage.

"In order to figure out the number of agricultural cultural heritage in China, in 2016, the former Ministry of Agriculture carried out the census of important agricultural cultural heritage nationwide, and Beijing, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other places also carried out the provincial -level agricultural cultural heritage census work." my country has also established a system of agricultural cultural heritage monitoring and evaluation system, carried out a series of agricultural cultural heritage resource utilization and industrial development work, launched the "agricultural heritage product" announcement activities, launched the "Optical Program for Agricultural Heritage Goods", and increased the popularity of agricultural cultural heritage brands. In addition, a large number of scientific researchers conducted scientific research in the field of agricultural and cultural heritage to promote the development and utilization of inheritance resources.

Sun Yehong believes that government departments, universities, research institutes, and local communities have attached great importance to agricultural cultural heritage. After 20 years of hard work, my country has achieved many achievements in the protection and inheritance of agricultural cultural heritage, and has gone at the forefront of the world.

According to statistics, the value of agricultural product brands brought by important agricultural cultural heritage of the world is about 10%to 30%. Enhance the pride of farmers. However, at the same time, there are some problems with the protection and utilization of agricultural cultural heritage. "For example, it has not yet established a nationwide perfect protection list. Insufficient protection and protection in animal husbandry and fisheries are insufficient, high -level scientific research is still insufficient, and support for the community level of the inheritance site still needs to be strengthened." Sun Yehong said.

Li Xiande believes that at present, there are still some contradictions between the protection of important agricultural cultural heritage and economic development; there are some difficulties and challenges of young labor outflow leading to the traditional agricultural technology and knowledge inheritance in heritage land.

How can the agricultural cultural heritage that is protected and inherited and inherited in the use of the excavation, how can "alive" "live" better? Li Xiande said that from the country to county and cities to respond to the global and China's important agricultural cultural heritage land, it provides certain protection development fund support in order to facilitate local protection and development work; Scientific research talents penetrate the value of economic, social, cultural, ecology, and science of agricultural cultural heritage; strengthen the cultivation of the talent training of agricultural cultural heritage.

Agricultural cultural heritage is a living heritage, and activity and systemicity are their important features. Sun Yehong told reporters that the mining of the diversified value of agricultural cultural heritage is an important means of dynamic protection and inheritance of agricultural cultural heritage. Protecting agricultural cultural heritage is not to solidify in the past agricultural production methods, but to draw wisdom from tradition, better serve the future, and serve sustainable development.

Specifically to the development path of the integration and development of the agricultural and cultural tourism, Sun Yehong said that the development of the development of the agricultural cultural heritage land is a dynamic protection path that has been recognized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. To take this road, it is necessary to further enhance the health of the agricultural cultural heritage land. The ability of continuous development. The simplicity of agricultural heritage tourism cannot be equivalent to ordinary rural tourism. It is necessary to pay attention to the core of agricultural heritage tourism. Any behavior that is separated from agricultural production and development will cause damage to agricultural cultural heritage. Agricultural heritage tourism must pay attention to the participation of local communities and residents, and it is impossible for the development of tourism to develop tourism in the agricultural cultural heritage. The development of agricultural heritage tourism should focus on the spread of heritage value, and through the participation of tourists to form the value dissemination chain of agricultural cultural heritage, to fully tap the uniqueness of agricultural cultural heritage resources, landscapes and culture, and design more involved and inheritance value display. product.

(Reporter Chen Chen)

18 important agricultural cultural heritages in my country

Zhejiang Qingtian Rice Fish Sacrifice System 2005 (recognized the year, the same below)

Jiangxi Wannian Daozuo Culture System 2010

Yunnan Honghehanihan Rice Terrace System 2010

Guizhou Congjiang -Dong Township Gravefront, Grave and Duck Composite System 2011

Yunnan Pu'er Ancient Tea Garden and Tea Culture System 2012

Aon Agricultural System in Inner Mongolia Agricultural System 2012

Zhejiang Shaoxing Huishan Ancient Fragrance Group 2013

Hebei Xuanhua City Traditional Vineyard 2013

Guzaoyuan, Jiaxian County, Shaanxi Province 2014

Jiangsu Xinghua Dingtian Traditional Agricultural System 2014

Fujian Fuzhou Jasmine and Tea Culture System 2014

Gansu Diebu Zhabu Naoming Forestry and Animal Husbandry Composite System 2017

2017, Huzhou Sangji Fish Pond, Zhejiang, 2017

Shandong Xiajin Yellow River Hometown Ancient Sang Tree Group 2018

Southern China Mountain Rice Terrace System 2018

(Fujian Youxi Union Terrace, Jiangxi Chongyi Hakka Terraces

Hunan Xinhua Zihuo Bellfield, Guangxi Longsheng Longxian Terrace)

Fujian Anxi Tieguanyin Tea Culture System 2022

Inner Mongolia Amukor Qin Caoyuan Nomadic System 2022

Hebei Xixian Drought Stone Stone Stone Terrace System 2022

(Chen Chen compiled)

【Edit: Liu Xingchen】

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