After Lin Zhiying, Tesla caught fire in many places. How to guarantee the safety of tram's driving?

Beijing News Shell Financial Reporter Lin Zi Editor Yue Cai Zhou Xuchao School of the Profile Zhao Lin

In summer, Tesla has caught fire many times.

On July 22, Lin Zhiying, who had expressed Tesla in public in public, drove Tesla Model X in a car accident. Since then, the vehicle ignited a fire. Around July 21 and 26, Hangzhou and Guangzhou had a Tesla Model 3 fire. At present, people do not know the cause of a car accident or spontaneous combustion in Tesla, but it is an indisputable fact that electric vehicles have been on fire many times this summer.

A number of experts told Shell Finance reporters that battery thermal output is the main cause of fires, and batteries over charge, short -circuit, squeezing and other conditions can cause heat loss. Ouyang Minggao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, also said that there are three main mechanisms of thermal output, which are the piercing of the diaphragm, which causes short circuit, fast charging, and cause negative electrode analysis of active lithium and orthopedic analysis of active oxygen. Continuous decline.

At the moment of safety, the solid battery track is optimistic about many head companies such as Ningde, BYD, Tianqi Lithium Industry, and solid -state batteries are also called "subversion of lithium battery industry" by many people. It seems to be here.

Wu Fan, a doctorate instructor of the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced that solid -state batteries are important directions and technologies to solve security and improve energy density. He said: "Organic electrolyte is the culprit of the fire and explosion of trams, and solid batteries can fundamentally solve this problem. There is no hidden danger of burning and explosion, and safety has been greatly improved."

The reporter repeatedly asked Tesla to verify the cause of the above number of car accidents. As of press time, he had not yet responded.

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Heat out of control into a tram is really murderer

Vehicle collision can cause short circuit

Why do trams frequently caught fire? Many experts told reporters that this situation is related to thermal outbound control.

"Specifically in the incident of Lin Zhiying, the diaphragm of the battery pack after the vehicle may be damaged, which will cause the positive and negative extremely short circuit and the current increase. , Zhang Xiang, a special expert in China Bo Lian think tank.

Wang Juan, an analyst of Lithium Battery, told reporters that the battery fire is generally due to thermal outlet inside the battery, and there are many reasons for thermal outlet, such as impact, squeezing, overcharge during charging, short circuits, short circuits, short circuits, and short circuits. It is possible to get angry.

Mengwei (pseudonym) of the engineer of the Shanghai Automobile Parts Detection Labs also analyzed that after the car collision, the battery and automotive components may be deformed, which will make the automotive thermal management system fail. one of the reasons.

"Electric vehicles cannot protect the armored vehicles. The most afraid of the raised sharp objects on the road through the battery block on the chassis, which directly allows the battery bag It is said that if the vehicle is directly drove to the isolation zone in the middle of the road, the stress point and the self -weight of the large impact may instantly act on the part of the battery block. The protective metal shell causes the battery's short circuit.

He said that in ordinary accidents, the collision of electric vehicles should not be too worried about battery damage. Because the batteries are placed in the middle of the body, they are sufficient to be protected by the car body, but the premise of this safety is that the car moves on the planes such as roads or parking lots.

Ouyang Minggao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, also stated that there are three main thermal outlet mechanisms for high -specific energy power batteries. The first is that the diaphragm piercing causes short circuit caused by the internal short circuit. The second is the active oxygen of the positive analysis of high -ratio energy batteries, and the density of oxygen analysis continues to decrease as the energy is increased. The third is the lithium of negative active activity, which is caused by fast charging or overcharge.

In addition, there are people in the industry who have puzzled that Tesla frequently caught fire, because Tesla pursued the maximum lightweight, and there was no redundancy for the protection of the chassis battery pack, and it was difficult to better protect the battery when the vehicle collided. "On the other hand, the fuel vehicle, even if the speed of the vehicle has a high speed, causes not many fire accidents, because the fuel tank is protected on the back of the rear of the vehicle chassis, unless it is damaged directly and encountered fire, it is not easy to get fire."

But on Tesla's official website of China, Tesla claimed that the Model X model was "designed for security first". Specifically, the Model X PLAID version is a three -motor full -wheel drive model. It is equipped with 3 independent drive units to achieve torque vector control. Each unit contains motor rotor with a carbon fiber protective cover. Maximum power.

In addition, the Model X is based on a pure electric platform. It has a high -intensity body architecture and a strong battery pack located in the chassis, which can effectively reduce the risk of the side flip and ensure the safety of the personnel in the car.

Tesla China ’s official website shows that the Model X“ design is safe first ”. Picture source: Tesla China official website

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The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued a document to pay attention to the monitoring and early warning

New energy vehicle self -burning, do not extinguish the fire by yourself

In fact, with the continuous popularization of new energy vehicles, the spontaneous combustion of the vehicle occurs.

"Once the new energy vehicle spontaneous combustion, the fire is very fierce, and the fire often starts from 10 seconds to 60 seconds." Liu Shi, chief safety officer of Oriental Fashion Driving School Co., Ltd. It is advocated that personnel extinguish the fire by themselves, and do not advocate to control the vehicle according to the traditional fire extinguishing method of fuel vehicles, so as not to cause casualties. Liu Shi said that the fuel vehicle drives the internal combustion engine and the tram drives to the motor. The power of the internal combustion engine is from small to large curves. The owner can feel the speed of the car, and the motor can reach the maximum peak instantly. Fuel vehicles, if not used to motor, may occur "rushing out in an instant."

Liu Shi introduced that trams are not more dangerous than fuel vehicles, but spontaneous combustion will occur when vehicle impact, rollover, charging pile aging, and the charging interface are not connected. After the tram is self -ignition, the fire is very rapid, it is difficult to control, and the personnel should evacuate quickly.

Zhang Xiang said that the reason why electric vehicles may cause "danger" to consumers, on the one hand, there are more owners who drove fuel cars before. Electric vehicles are used as new things, and consumers are familiar with operations and other aspects. On the other hand, once spontaneous combustion of electric vehicles, the burning speed is faster, and it may also explode, and the situation is relatively serious. The fire -fuel vehicle extinguishing the fire can only be extinguished, but the fire of electric vehicles will cause a chemical reaction and need to stay away as soon as possible. Even if the surface fires are extinguished, the vehicle may still be reacted and need to be observed.

In response to the spontaneous combustion of new energy vehicles, on October 19, 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology publicly solicited the "Guiding Opinions on Further Strengthening the Construction of the New Energy Vehicle Safety System" (draft for comments). The level requires enterprises to improve the safety protection capabilities of power batteries, and study the application of thermal outdoor real -time monitoring and early warning devices and early suppression and fire extinguishing measures.

The draft for soliciting opinions also pointed out that enterprises should establish a sound accident survey and analysis system. When vehicles occur in safety accidents such as fire burning and suspected out of control, they should actively cooperate with the relevant management departments to conduct an accident investigation, conduct in -depth research and judging the cause of the accident, and submit the data of vehicle accident data in accordance with relevant requirements. , Accident Analysis Report.

On the other hand, while the sales of new energy vehicles are growing, in December 2021, my country has introduced exclusive regulations on new energy vehicle insurance.

This regulation incorporates motors, batteries, and electrical controls into the scope of protection, and is more targeted, which also means that new energy vehicles and fuel vehicles will no longer share the same car insurance terms in the future. In the past 8 months, many car owners have found that their new energy vehicle premiums have risen.

Zhang Xiang told reporters that at present, new energy vehicle technology has not been as mature as fuel vehicles and is still in the development stage. Coupled with the problem of car owners' habits, the risk of spontaneous combustion and traffic accidents is higher than that of fuel vehicles. Insurance companies have raised premiums in consideration of payments and risks. However, Zhang Xiang also pointed out that it is not appropriate to pass the high maintenance fee to all consumers. Some consumers have not been in danger, but they are still raising premiums, and insurance companies should also carefully consider.

He introduced that insurance companies can use UBI insurance, that is, to determine premiums based on usage. If consumers are not in danger, they can reduce premiums in the following year, mobilize the enthusiasm of consumers, and use this business logic to force the safety of the car.

And Liu Shi suggested that new energy vehicles are new things, and car companies and 4S shops should conduct explanations and safety training for consumers. This can reduce the occurrence of accidents to a certain extent. However, new energy vehicles are very easy, and our consumers need to have a more comprehensive understanding of the difference between new energy vehicles and fuel vehicles. "

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Sanyuan lithium battery burning point is lower

The commercialization of solid -state batteries is right?

Tesla salesperson introduced to reporters that the rear -wheel drive versions of Tesla Model 3 and Model Y are both lithium iron phosphate batteries, high -performance versions of Model 3 and high -performance versions and long battery versions of Model Y are Use ternary lithium batteries. Model X, which has been released before, also uses a ternary lithium battery, but the current model of the Model X is not announced for the specific battery.

So, is the ternary lithium battery different from the safety of iron phosphate batteries different?

Wang Juan told reporters that in the current new energy vehicle industry, ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries are dominated by double male, of which the ternary lithium battery is mainly used for high -end models, but it will be more likely to occur.

"This is mainly because the characteristics of the two batteries are different. Lithium iron phosphate batteries are generally burned above 800 degrees Celsius, and external oxygen needs to be used. Oxygen does not require external oxygen supply, and it is more likely to explode, "Wang Juan said.

So, if you must use a ternary lithium battery, is there a better choice? Today, Tesla is more optimistic about the 4680 battery. Since 2020, Tesla announced the launch of a 4680 battery, which represents 46mm and 80mm battery size.

According to media reports, in May this year, Tesla has email to tell users that the latest Model Y full -wheel drive version (AWD) will be equipped with a 4680 battery. Mengwei introduced that the current 4680 battery is not only lower in cost, but also has higher energy density, longer battery life, and higher safety. In addition to the above plan, is there still a safer choice of lithium batteries? From the recent information released by many companies, we may be able to find out.

In May this year, Guoxuan Hi -Tech released the semi -solid battery for the first time and entered the stage of industrialization. It is expected to achieve mass production within the year. In July, SAIC Group and Qingtao Energy signed a contract with the establishment of a solid -state battery joint laboratory, which will be applied to the new models of SAIC Group. In the same month, when Sheng Technology also signed a cooperation agreement with Qingtao Energy.

Not only did the SAIC Group move, on July 21, Weilai Automobile also announced that it will deliver 150kWh solid -state batteries in the fourth quarter of this year, using solid electrolyte, silicon carbon composite negative materials, and ultra -high nickel positive poles. In addition, Toyota said in 2019 that it plans to carry a full solid battery from a hybrid model in the future; BMW is planning to build a solid -state battery test production line.

The China Business Industry Research Institute predicts that as a subversive technology, if solid -state batteries can achieve industrialization in 2022, the penetration rate can be gradually increased. By 2025, the market space of solid -state batteries can reach about 6 billion yuan in power batteries.

Li Hong, a researcher at the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pointed out at the eighth China Electric Vehicle Hundred Talents Forum held in March this year that the world believes that the solid electrolytes that are not easy to burn to replace the liquid electrolytes that are easy to burn, forming a full solid state The battery solution is high security. Solid -state batteries are not easy to heat out, not easy to flatter, and good high temperature stability.

"The core purpose of developing solid -state batteries is to improve safety." Li Hong said that in general, future batteries will develop towards higher energy. At the same time Development of solid -state batteries.

It should be noted that Li Bin, the founder of Weilai Automobile, publicly stated that the battery that Weilai is about to be delivered is still liquid. The mass production of full solid batteries is still far away. year.

Duty editor Li Jiazhuo

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