白 匠 丨 Dao'an's silver years ⑤: Chengdu Silver Film -Cold Metals can also bloom flowers

Dao'an

Cover reporter Liu Kexin Li Yuxin

It is said that there are five "golden flowers" in Chengdu, which is the most "old". It is really unclear. But the youngest is Chengdu Silver Film with a history of more than 1700 years.

Chengdu Silver Flower should be the least well -known of the five golden flowers. But as long as you have seen silver -flowering crafts, they will lament their fine production crafts and elegant and high -clean beauty. In late July, the cover journalist walked into the only national inheritance of the country in Chengdu Yinsi Silk in the country to listen to her ingenuity and adventure between the silk.

The first silver silk painting to save the decline skills

"Silver silk has a history of more than 1,700 years. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the headdress and wearing jewelry in the court entered the folk. Chengdu Yinhua has reached the most heyday of development. "

Chengdu Silver Filk is not familiar with people, and it is also basically used for exports when it was healed. Dao'an recalled that the raw materials of silver flowers are expensive, and the production process is time -consuming and laborious. In the 1980s and 1990s, they could be exported to more than a dozen countries in Europe and the United States, but they could not open the domestic market in a large area. "At that time, there were more than 300 craftsmen who were engaged in silver flower silk. A large number of vases and ornaments were exported to Europe and the United States. Visiting foreign guests (Chengdu Gold and Silver Products Factory) also liked it very much." When the sales were broken, the silver silk began to decline gradually.

"Swinging objects are more expensive, and they are calculated in the country, and there are fewer people buying. In order to open domestic sales as soon as possible, I have developed silver silk paintings." Compared with the decoration, silver silk painting is relatively simple. There are many. There is also the most important point that it can be installed in the frame to prevent oxidation. Domestic consumers also learned that Chengdu has such a thousand years in the process of accepting silver silk painting.

Although the production of silver silk paintings is relatively simple, in fact, compared with the work of the ornaments, from the design of the drawing to the cooking color, a process is indispensable.

Silver Flower Works

A few people who can master all the craftsmanship

The silver flower silk craftsmanship is complicated, involving physics, chemistry, metallurgy and other aspects. Many people can only master some of them. This is one of the reasons why silver flower silk skills are difficult to inherit. After leaving the Chengdu Gold and Silver Products Factory in 1999, he has opened a personal studio. So far, Daoan is still the only person in the studio who can independently make ornaments. At the same time, she is also one of the few people in the country who master all the craftsmanship.

The first step is designed, and it is difficult to lose a lot of people. Chengdu silver flower silk craftsmanship is not more than the northern silver flower silk craftsmanship. Chengdu silver flowers are dominated by plain silver. The shape, luster, and three -dimensional feel of the entire work are achieved by the thickness and density of the flowers. Therefore, designing this step is hidden. "You can't draw it, but you need to do it. The connection of the pattern and the combination of the flowers must be considered. Just like the black and white gray of the sketch, if the use is not good, the things you make are connected. What are you out? "

The thickness of the flowers in the design draft is not equal. In actual production, the thinnest is half of the hair, and the thickest is only a few millimeters. After melting and purifying the raw materials, the "9999 silver" with the highest purity can be obtained in order to draw a brushed process.

"The higher the purity, the softened the silver, the better the production. The purity is lower. When shaping, it is directly restored like a spring." Dao An introduced that the purity reaches the standard silver, even if it is only 1 meter -length, it is only 1 meter -length. It can also pull out hundreds of meters of flowers and keep constantly. The filaments as thin as the hair are pulled out of the two, stirring like rubbing hemp rope. This is one of the most important processes of silver filaments, called "twisting filaments". The filaments made like this are called "Twist Silk". The production of silver silk is mainly used.

Different thicknesses need to prepare dozens of them. After twisting the flowers, crushing, and sticking together with glue, need one, and pull it off. This enters the third process, which is the most distinctive link of Chengdu Silver Film, filling the filament.

Put the designed pattern on the high temperature -resistant asbestos, first outline the basic outline according to the design pattern, and then find the corresponding size of the flower wire and fill it on the pattern. This process described as "time -consuming and labor -intensive eyes" is the most spiritual link. "After all, silver flower silk is metal. How to do it vividly depends on how the producers perform." This step must not only be careful, but most of them rely on aesthetics and experience. Completed here, the parts of the silver silk work have basically taken shape.

The difficult mountain is still behind.

During the interview, it was catching up with the high temperature weather in Chengdu. In the high temperature around 40 ° C, the winding wind is hot. But in Daoan's studio, there is neither air conditioning nor fan, which is curious why. Dao An explained this: "After the flat filling silk is completed, it must be welded at high temperature. We cannot blow the air conditioner nor blow the fan. Because when the wind blows, it cannot control the direction of the fire. During the welding process, the asbestos will emit odor, and it must be kept ventilated. "

Welding process

Dao'an said that high -temperature welding is the most difficult among more than 10 processes. "This part involves metallurgical craftsmanship. Like a vase of welding in different parts of vases requires different soldering." The proportion of welded and welded crafts determines the "destiny" of each process in front. During welding, the work that has been formed will produce different degrees of deformation, and the craftsman must be repaired according to his own experience. If the repair is not good, the work will be scrapped directly, and the work done before is successful, and the bamboo basket is also empty. "The larger the decoration, the greater the degree of deformation during welding, the greater the difficulty." The proportion, how to weld, and repair the solder are all accumulated experiences. After welding, repeatedly repair the school shape, and then stitch each side to form a complete work. Then polish the welding scar between the welding point, so as to form a complete work. "In this process, it is not that you can do it carefully and not be afraid of suffering. It can be said that it is necessary to have experienced craftsmen and spend a lot of effort to complete a beautiful work." Dao An said so.

It is precisely because of each step in this step, which requires rich experience accumulation, so those who can complete the use of ornamental silver -like works have only a few people across the country. Dao'an is one of them.

Silver Flower Cup

The regrets of the predecessor's handichee ends from the inheritance of this generation

After a step of high -temperature welding, the original white work was plated with a layer like copper rust. If you want to restore it, you need another process: chemical cooking. Dao'an told reporters that this step is also the biggest problem that he encountered after leaving the Chengdu Gold and Silver Products Factory in 1999.

"Our previous masters did not have a chemical formula for cooking. When asking them, we always said that this a little bit, that a little. We always couldn't wash it because of the amount of not being able to master the ratio." Regretfully said that the master who was responsible for this craft in the past, some people even had to taste these chemicals, so many people suffered from occupational diseases: "Their hands will continue to shake, and they will shake all over their bodies later. I even have dwarf disease in the next generation, I think it is a pity. "

After Daoan set up a studio, he tried to quantify the formula of cooking color. In her opinion, this is not only for the safety of herself and other studio members, but also a condition for the creation of silver flower silk.

"Although the silver flower silk has a history of more than a thousand years, the text records are very small. Almost all of the veteran artists are doing it by experience. When developing to my generation, I hope to master this technology in chemical treatment." For physical consumption, "time -consuming and labor -intensive eyes", high temperature welded, and scrubbing, the older generation of craftsmen suffer. Parents and do not want children to do this job again. Dao An felt that if she could make some changes, it would be beneficial to the inheritance of this skill.

In addition to the lifelike shape, the silver -flowering works in Dao'an Studio have more precipitation. On the slightest flowers, Dao An and the entire studio made the efforts of this thousands of years.

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