The beauty of the Song Dynasty is the peak of Chinese beauty

Author:Object Time:2022.07.30

Photo ｜ Northern Song Ru Porcelain Tianqing glaze jade pot spring bottle artery shadow ©

Master Dharma:

Scholar Chen Yinque once said: "The culture of the Huaxia nation has a thousand years of evolution, and it is extremely popular in the world of Zhao Song."

During this time in Jingdezhen, Wuwu Jun also was fortunate to see some Song porcelain, and he touched a little, and met a lot of fellows.

Sighing in his heart, the aesthetics of the Song Dynasty were really a peak. Through the long years, Song Porcelain's elegant, minimalist and indifferent beauty is still fascinating.

Ma Weidu said, "Song Porcelain is the peak of Chinese aesthetics."

At that time, the porcelain was completely different from other times. It was divided into two systems: official kiln and folk kiln. Folk kiln is concerned about practical value, and the famous ones such as Congzhou Kiln and Longquan Porcelain.

The official kiln is the emperor's aesthetics, especially Song Huizong, which is mainly presented in the five famous kiln.

But the five famous kiln has been quite controversial. There are Chai, Ru, Guan, Brother, Dingzhi, and Ru, Guan, Ge, Jun, and Dingzhi.

But so far, no one has seen the real object of the Chai kiln, and the kiln site has not been found, just like a beautiful legend. (Note: This article is based on Ru Guan Ge Jun's saying)

The five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, such as five brilliant fireworks, are in the Chinese aesthetic sky, with a flash in the pan and thousands of years.

Photo ｜ Northern Song Ru Kiln Tianqing Glaze Trippot Bottle (Local) Arterial Shadow ©

Picture ｜ Northern Song Ru Kiln shallow waist inheritance Boston Art Museum Arterial Shadow ©

· Plustering like jade, rare morning stars ·

After the rain, it is the background of Ru Porcelain. "It looks like jade is better than jade", which is the confidence of Ru porcelain.

It is ranked first in the five famous kiln. It is the love of Song Huizong's life, and it is the touch of heaven that looks at later generations.

Photo ｜ Northern Song Ru Kiln Tianqing glaze strings (local) arterial shadow ©

Ru porcelain is a fragrant gray tire with a jade texture and elegant. The tire is thick and thick, even in the past many years, it still has a warm light.

There are often small open films on the glaze, called crab claw tattoo. The only Ru porcelain in the world is the daffodil basin stored in the Taipei Palace Museum. During the Qing Dynasty, Qianlong was regarded as a cat -fed rice bowl.

Photo ｜ Northern Song Ru Kiln Tianqing Glazed Aquside Pot Arterial Shadow ©

Ru kiln has old -fashioned. There are many imitations in the later generations, which are very blue and bright, but in fact, the real Ru kiln is a little gray blue.

This may be the character of Ru porcelain. It does not like to express, does not like publicity, modest gentleman, gentle as jade, and breeze.

Photo ｜ Da Ying Museum Northern Song Ru Kiln Kaitukuzhaoto Shadow Shadow ©

· Zhenruo arch, beautiful filter ·

Guanyao, as its famous states, are fired for the official family, divided into Guanyao of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Guanyao of the Southern Song Dynasty.

The official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty mostly imitated Ru Porcelain. Therefore, it is similar to the glaze color. It is a blue or pink green, which is difficult to distinguish.

Photo ｜ Southern Song Guanyao Canton Bowl Bowl Bowl Tokyo National Museum arterial shadow ©

Its biggest feature is the purple iron foot. If you can observe it carefully, it can be seen that there is faint purple in the thin glaze of the mouth, and the bottom shows dark gray, like iron.

This is because the official kiln has a high iron content. After cooling, it is oxidized when the glaze color is thin, as if adding a layer of beautiful filter.

Photo ｜ Tokyo National Museum Southern Song Guan Kiln green glazed sunflower mouth bowl artery shadow ©

It is said that Ru Kiln and Guan Kiln only existed in the decades of Song Huizong's reign. Because he is Taoist, he likes cyan. If the Song Dynasty was defeated, these utensils might be in the deep palace of the deep palace, and they would not be seen by the world.

As early as the Tang Dynasty, Xing Kiln, mainly white porcelain, has been stretching to the Song Dynasty. Perhaps these hundreds of years have given people aesthetic fatigue with Bai Porcelain, and turn around to celadon. Ru kiln is more green than the official kiln, so it is highly respected.

Both are known for their thick glaze. To this day, you can still feel the feeling of moisturizing. But why do Ru kiln and official kiln burned such thick glaze? It is still a mystery.

Photo ｜ Southern Song Guanyao Celadon Kwai Port Taipei National Palace Museum Arterial Shadow ©

Photo ｜ Song Guanyao Green Glaze Takayamon Boston Art Museum Tibetan arterial artery shadow ©

· Beautiful beauty is a talent ·

The first brother porcelain in history is mostly an accident.

The biggest feature of Ge Kiln is that the utensil itself is covered with a film, and the size of the film is called "Hundred Gets Broken", and the curved is called "Crab Claw".

Photo ｜ Southern Song Ge Kiln Washing Shanghai Museum Tibetan arterial artery shadow ©

After the Ge Kiln comes out, the film may have to open for three or four years. On a silent night, you may hear a "snap", which is Ge Kiln's "burst".

After it slowly opened the film, as the air oxidized, the lines soaked by black charcoal water turned into gold, so they had the beauty of the "golden wire".

Photo ｜ Southern Song Ge Kiln Washing Shanghai Museum Tibetan arterial artery shadow ©

Ma Weidu said that there are four realms of aesthetics, from bottom to top, vulgarity, implicit, arrogant, and pathological. The aesthetic of Ge Kiln is between subtle and pretentiousness, and it is a defect.

"Beauty must be born." Even if the film became aesthetic pursuit, the craftsmen at that time couldn't want to burn what to open. Everything has to wait for the kiln fire, and it is natural.

The defect is a kind of beauty, but it must be natural. If it is artificially deliberately, it is called ingenious. Thinking of this is a rare talent compared to perfect beauty.

Picture ｜ Palace Museum Museum Tibetan Ge Kiln Bottle

· The colorful "green" ·

Among the five famous kiln in the Song Dynasty, except Ding Kiln was a celadon. But Jun porcelain's green is not the main blue color, it also has rose purple, purple -red and so on.

If other porcelain is a minimalist cold and light wind, then Jun porcelain is the lively red and purple wind. Photo ｜ Jun Kiln red spots long -necked bottle Big British Museum Collection ©

The most fascinating part of Jun Porcelain is "Entering the kiln, and the kiln is colorful." When it puts it into the kiln fire, no one knows what it will become.

Under high temperature, glaze water flows. Those cracked places when they just burn will be filled with glaze water again. The curved curve became the traces of the earthworms on the rainy days. This is also the most special place of Jun Porcelain, called "earthworms walking mud".

Picture ｜ Jun Kiln Tianlan Kiln Change Glaze Two -square flowerpot (partial) Earthworms walking clay artery shadow ©

Picture ｜ Jun Kiln Tianlan Kiln Change Glazed Sifang Flower Pot Asian Art Museum Arterial Shadow ©

There is a Jun porcelain plate hidden in the Museum of Guanfu. There are just twenty -four red leaves on the plate, such as the day when the autumn wind gradually rises, falling in the water, reminiscent of the legend of the Tang Dynasty's "Red Leaf Title Poems", so it is named. It is "Red Leaf Title Poetry Drive".

Jun porcelain's green is not a single. It only gives beauty to imagination and time, and has a colorful "green".

Photo ｜ Jun Kiln Hongye Title Poetry Poems View Museum Collection

Picture ｜ Jinjun Kiln Rose Purple Glaze Bowl Boston Art Museum

· Remove Baiyun Yu Yunchang ·

Ding Kiln is the only one of the five famous kiln burning white porcelain. Moreover, unlike several other plain planes, it is the only one with printed.

Picture ｜ Dingyao white glaze printing dragon pomegranate plate arteries shadow ©

According to legend, Dingyao was inherited from the Xing kiln in the Tang Dynasty. It turned out that it was an exclusive world. It was not forced to "let Xianxian" until Song Huizong liked celadon.

The white of Ding Kiln is shining yellow in white, quiet and soft. Its glaze is thin and easy to engrav. The decoration is beautiful, and the color is elegant, making it a leap from the original folk kiln to become the royal porcelain.

Photo ｜ Song Ding Kiln White Glazed Hualien Plobe Bowl Bowl Heritage Shadow ©

In recent years, the most expensive fixed porcelain is a small bowl, which auctioned $ 2.225 million. And its former owner was bought at a flea market for $ 3. After spending five years at home, he was sent to Sotheby's auction.

The ancient saying has the saying that "the fixed porcelain is unpredictable", which led to gradually decline. But what is "Mang"?

Some people say that the mouth of the mango of the mouth of the kiln is left behind. Some people say that "mang" is too dazzling. It does not meet the aesthetics of Song Huizong and is slowly discarded.

The truth of the language is unknown over time, but the beauty of Ding porcelain is still long.

In fact, the Song people did not reach the peak of porcelain, but later generations were stronger and no matter how much imitation, they could not surpass the aesthetics at that time.

Because the aesthetics of the Song Dynasty were not only external beauty, it also emphasized the internal feelings of people, only expressed in color, and only wanted to express implicitly.

Photo ｜ Northern Song Ru Kiln Tianqing glaze fancy warm bowl (repair) Henan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Institute Tibetan artery shadow ©

Avenue is simple, "ancient meaning and now Yan."

In the aesthetic world of Chinese people, beauty is a kind of natural, a truth, and a simplicity. Song Porcelain's five famous kiln is the extreme manifestation of this kind of Chinese beauty.

This is why we have loved it so much for thousands of years. Beauty is returning to the truth, and Taoism is natural.

Photo ｜ Northern Song Ru Kiln Tianqing glaze fancy warm bowl (repair) Henan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Institute Tibetan artery shadow ©