From August 1st, the Black Land Protection Law will implement the corner of the rule of law that sounds the protection of black land.

On May 18, in Xinglongtai Street, Shenbei New District, Shenyang City, farmers made rice seedlings in rice fields. Xinhua News Agency

On June 23, black land monitoring technicians measured the height of corn plant height in the black land quality monitoring point in Da Niu Town, Tai'an County, Anshan City, Liaoning Province. Xinhua News Agency

In Heilongjiang Province's farm reclamation farm, growers driving machinery harvest rice. Xinhua News Agency

【Fa Eye View】

Seven years ago, with the childhood memory of the "Fragrant Fragrance", Yang Fan, who had been out of the country for more than ten years, founded the Agricultural Technology Service Co., Ltd. in Jilin City, Jilin Province, Jilin Province, and became a "new farmer". When holding a black earth, his local feelings and childhood memories were instantly pulled back to reality- "The black soil when he was a child, the particles were soft and black, and when we were going to establish an organic agricultural product project base 7 years ago However, I found that the color of the soil was yellowish and the plate was severe.

The degradation of the black soil may mean the most realistic cost of the most realistic cost for Yang Fan himself, and the crisis of "black soil urgency" refracted behind it has affected the rice bowl of 1.4 billion people. That is, in the first few years when Yang Fan returned to his hometowns and raised soil Peitian, with the succession of various policies, measures, laws and regulations, "protecting the giant panda in the cultivated land" gradually rising into the will of the country.

Starting on August 1, the Black Land Protection Law was formally implemented, and the protection of black land has entered a brand new rule of law.

Protecting "giant pandas in farmland", legislation is imminent

"Land fat is home, pinching the soil," has gradually become a memory of farmers on the black land. Nowadays, the grain is still yield for years, but the overdraft of the black land knows almost every farmer.

Yang Fan found that in the past few years, despite the maintenance of land production, the dosage of farmers' fertilizers and pesticides has increased year by year. Yang Fan, who is determined to abandon fertilizer pesticides, is under the premise of continued rising, even if relying on the cooperation of local agricultural colleges and schools for scientific planting, the rice yield of rice per mu can only achieve two -thirds of his memory, and that and that At the time, there is almost no extra fertilizer.

The degeneration of black land affects the heart of 1.4 billion people.

It is understood that there are only black soil areas around the world in the southern region of North America, the Greater Plain of Russia -Ukraine, Northeast China, and the Panpas Prairie area in South America, accounting for less than 7%of the global land area. According to the "White Paper of Northeast Black Land (2020)" released by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2021, the total area of ​​black land in the northeast of my country is 1.09 million square kilometers, of which the typical black soil arable land covers an area of ​​18.533 million hectares, and it takes about 400 years to form a 1 cm black soil layer. Therefore, black land is known as "giant panda in cultivated land".

For our country, the precious black land is far more than that. Northeast black land is the most important commodity grain base in my country. The food output of black land accounts for a quarter of the country, and the amount of grain transfer accounts for one -third of the country. Pressing stones ".

The results of the research of the Northeast Geography and Agricultural Ecological Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences showed that in the past 30 years, the surface water production of black land in Northeast China was 2.9 billion cubic meters, and the carbon reserves of the soil decreased by 595 million tons, and the wind -proof sand and fixing volume decreased by 101 million tons. The limited black soil layer decreases on average by a few millimeters to about 1 cm per year. Researcher Han Xiaozheng was worried: "The formation of black land has gone through thousands of years, and we have been tossed into this way for less than two hundred years.

The truth behind it is simple -not to mention the descendants of descendants, protecting the "giant panda in cultivated land" is to protect the rice bowl of the Chinese today. "At present, the Centennial Change Bureau and the Century Epidemium are intertwined. The intricate international situation brings various risks and challenges, highlighting the importance of ensuring the safety of national food. In particular, it is necessary to give play to the important role of black land in ensuring production protection and maintaining national food security. . "As the director of the Economic Law Office of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Standing Committee, Yue Zhongming said that protecting the black land is related to the national food security and ecological security, and it is related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.

Black land protection has entered a new era of rule of law

my country's "Black Land Defense War" has already begun.

After 2000, the loss of black land has gradually become the consensus of the academic community. With the efforts of scientific research institutions, straw and organic fertilizer are returned to the "Longjiang Model" to return the fields, corn and soybeans, so as not to cultivate less farming straws to return to the field. "Tree mode" ", gradually forming promotion.

In recent years, the "Northeast Black Land Protection Plan (2017-2030)", "Northeast Black Land Protection Plan (2020-2025)", "National Black Land Protection Project Implementation Plan (2021-2025)" The series of policies on the protection of black soil are coming.

On the basis of the Land Management Law, Cultivation Land Protection Law, and Water and Water Conservation Law, local protection laws and regulations such as the "Black Land Protection Regulations" and "Black Land Protection and Utilization Regulations" and other local protection laws and regulations have been established.

At the same time, the voices of representatives of the National People's Congress and experts call for special legislation have continued to increase. Fang Shaokun, a professor at the School of Law of Jilin University, said that in terms of the protection of black land, although my country has formulated some relevant laws and local legislation has been tried, these laws and local regulations are still in terms of the use and protection of black land resources. There are many deficiencies, and it is difficult to form effective protection for black soil. Han Xiaogao also bluntly stated that the provincial and county level environment, forest grass, natural resources, water conservancy, agricultural and rural areas and other departments are carrying out black land protection, but to a certain extent, there are problems with scattered funds and diversification of funds. "Each tone" is difficult to form a joint force. In this context, the draft of the Black Land Protection Law was submitted to the preliminary trial of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in December 2021, and passed the third instance in June 2022. The law will be officially implemented from August 1.

"From the preliminary trial to the implementation, less than a year has highlighted the country's determination and strength in the protection of black land." Han Xiaogao said that at present, one -third of the black soil in the northeast of my country is extremely serious. One -third is slowly degenerating, and only one -third of the black land remains to maintain high -quality and fertile soil attributes. Avoid this part of the high -quality black soil to degenerate, actively control the soil that is degenerating, and the soil that has degraded fertilizer and cultivate fertilizer.

"The formulation of the Black Land Protection Law can not only coordinate the legislative goals, legislative content and law enforcement process of the use of black land resources, but also to form legislative connections with the construction and management system of permanent basic farmland construction and management, soil pollution prevention and other land management systems to promote land to promote land The improvement of the management system. The formulation of the black land protection law to realize the rule of law of black land protection. It is of great significance to ensure the safety of national food safety. "Fang Shaokun said.

Crack the "upper heat and cold", and build a chapter to improve the enthusiasm of farmers' nourishment

The Black Land Protection Law is about to be implemented, which makes many experts and scholars who have been in black land for many years. Han Xiaogao hopes that with the introduction of the Black Land Protection Law, a unified plan for black land protection can be formed from the national level as soon as possible, and the government -led, farmers -mains, and diverse participation of black land protection can be established as soon as possible. , Form a table of black land protection work system. At the same time, he also emphasized "the enthusiasm of mobilizing farmers and grass -roots production units."

When Yang Fan led the company "raising land" a few years ago, he embarrassed that although the protection of black land has become a consensus, at this level of farmers, there is a trend of "thunder and heavy rain." The practice of protecting the black land is currently in a large extent in the "hot and cold" stage. "Black land protection is a complex system project, which involves all aspects of planting, irrigation, agricultural machinery and other aspects. It is large, difficult, and slow. In addition, farmers are too low, and farmers have less land per capita. Things. Most farmers have no time and cost to pick up land and raising fields. They either transfer the fields directly to large grain farmers and plant them. grain."

During the two sessions of this year, Leng Youbin, a representative of the National People's Congress, told the media that in 2021, the average income of the Heilongjiang area was less than 1,100 yuan per acre of land. Except for agricultural capital and large -scale mechanical investment, there were few pure returns. When "planting grain does not make money" gradually became a common phenomenon on the fertile black land, farmers naturally lost their motivation to raise land. "From the perspective of the area of ​​cultivated land, there are about 2/3 cultivated land in my country. It is farmer's family cultivation. Therefore, the full mobilization of farmers' enthusiasm is the key to the protection of cultivated land protection."

To this end, the Black Land Protection Law has established a black land protection system led by the government, the implementation of agricultural production and operators, and social participation. In particular, the protection obligations of grass -roots organizations and agricultural production and operators have been strengthened. Black land, strengthen the construction of farmland infrastructure, apply protective farming and other technologies, and actively adopt black land maintenance measures.

Yue Zhongming emphasized that we must adhere to the status of farmers and protect the interests of farmers. At the same time, we must pay attention to the role of marketing, guide social forces to participate in the protection of black land, and achieve extensive participation and diversified co -governance.

【Link】

According to Article 28 of the Black Land Protection Law, the people's governments at or above the county level shall report to the people's congress or its standing committee at the people at the same level, and accept supervision according to law. The National People's Congress Agricultural and Rural Commission should pay attention to the new situation and new situations and new situations in the process of implementing the Black Land Protection Law in the relevant departments of the State Council, and assist the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to conduct law enforcement inspections on the implementation of the law in a timely manner, and do a good job of listening to the work report. Put forward the implementation of the implementation of the law and the improvement of the relevant system in a timely manner, and promote the effective implementation of the Black Earth Protection Law.

——Wang Xiankui, deputy chairman of the National People's Congress Agricultural and Rural Committee

Continue to promote the comprehensive management of black land. Based on the conditions and climatic characteristics of the Black Earth District, explore the supporting variety, planting system, field management, agricultural machinery equipment and other product technology and equipment, research and development and promotion of a number of new technologies, new products, and new equipment, encourage the development of breeding and recycling agriculture, promote animal livestock, promote livestock The use of poultry stain resource science to the field, especially the guidance of the local farmland construction as a platform, to give full play to the comprehensive policy advantages of farmland water conservancy construction, comprehensive governance of slope arable land, soil and soil loss treatment, livestock and poultry manure resources, etc., and promote projects to promote projects Sexual measures are organically connected with agronomy measures. ——From Zhao Chenxin, Deputy Director and Secretary -General of the National Development and Reform Commission

Black land protection requires a long time. Insufficient investment in funds has always been an important constraints that are difficult to carry out in practice in practice. The Black Land Protection Law clearly stipulates that the protection of black land protection must be included in the budget, increasing funds to tilt; requires the establishment of a long -term stable reward subsidy mechanism, and gradually establish and improve the cross -regional investment protection mechanism of black land, encourage other regions such as the main region to invest in other areas such as input Black land protection; at the same time, the county -level people's governments are also allowed to coordinate the use of agricultural -related funds for the protection of black soil in accordance with relevant state regulations, and also encourage social capital investment and insurance institutions to carry out black land protection related insurance business. These regulations are conducive to guarantee guarantee Long -term stable investment in black land protection funds.

—— Zhang Taolin, Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Rural Ministry

Strengthen the repair and restoration of black land. In accordance with the requirements of the integrated protection and repair of landscapes, forests, lakes and sand, strengthen the protection and repair of the number, quality, and ecological "trinity" of black soil, especially black soil arable land, especially black soil arable land. When arranging major projects of ecological protection and restoration and comprehensive land remediation of land, actively cooperate with relevant departments to carry out black land protection and restoration, systematically control the problem of black land degradation, while improving the production capacity of grain, strengthen the function of black land water source and water and water conservation function. Restore soil biological diversity.

——Liu Guohong, chief engineer of the Department of Natural Resources

(Reporter reporter Liu Huadong)

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