"Referee" and "Supervisor": "Five Water Co -Governance" PPP model new government roles

In recent years, with the rapid development of socio -economic development, the people's longing for a better life has been continuously improved, and it has absorbed private capital to participate in social public infrastructure to become a new idea of ​​innovative public management. PPP (Public-PRIVATE Partnership) model refers to the public-private partnership that integrates the resources of the government and private sector and achieves social goals. Among them, the government's subject, as the leader in the PPP mode, often has a key impact on the development of PPP projects. At present, the PPP cooperation model has been promoted in the "Five Water Governance" operations in Zhejiang Province, and has become a useful supplement to the innovation of modernized governance of governments at all levels.

Under the planning of the "Five Water Co -Governance" in Zhejiang Province, the government actively promotes the PPP model with new public welfare or quasi -public welfare projects with long -term stable income guarantee, and formulates strict water performance evaluation system while fully trusting the market. Through mechanisms to innovate project debt and achieve a virtuous circle, its experience is of significance. Based on this, this article will take the PPP project of Yuehu Water Ecological Governance of Haishu District, Ningbo City under the background of the "Five Water Governance" as an example. It analyzes the government role in the PPP mode through case analysis, and in the non -PPP cooperation model The government role compares, so as to explain the necessity and sustainable significance of the government as a "referee" and "supervisor" in the PPP model.

1. "Five Water Co -Governance" and government role change needs

"Five Water Co -Governance" is a systematic engineering that comprehensively solves the problem of water environment and water resources initiated by Zhejiang Province. It specifically includes five aspects: "sewage control, flood prevention, drainage water, water supply, and water -saving water." Due to the broad water area of ​​Zhejiang Province and the complex water environment, it is difficult to achieve a better water control effect by relying on the macro -control of the government's subject; For commercial attributes, non -state -owned capital is less willing to enter. In this context, the Zhejiang Provincial Government issued documents such as the "Opinions on Promoting the Governance of the Five Water" in accordance with the law "and" Regulations for Comprehensive Water Management of Zhejiang Province "and other documents to change the concept of" big government "water management. Participate "Social Complex" water control mode.

PPP (PUBLIC-PRIVATE-PARTNERSHIP, that is, partnership between the public and private sector) financing models have been fully applied in the "Five Water Co-Governance" operations in Zhejiang Province. The PPP model refers to integrating the resources of the government and the private sector to achieve social goals. It includes "the commercial operation of service outsourcing and public undertakings and the design aimed to promote risks and cooperative production between the governments and private institutions. Compared with other cooperation models, the PPP cooperation model reduces the transaction cost of infrastructure investment in the long -term return cycle of social capital, better protects the interests of all parties, and mobilizes the enthusiasm for investment in private organizations. As far as the government is concerned, the PPP project is expanding At the same time as the government financing scale, it improves the efficiency of funds and improves environmental quality.

However, although the financial and social benefits of the PPP project cannot be underestimated, the lessons of the front car of the PPP project in various places still exist. In the PPP cooperation model, whether the government as the initiator and supervisor has a decisive impact on the operation of the PPP project. Based on the above theory and social background, this article will analyze the PPP project of Yuehu Water Ecological Governance in Haishu District, Ningbo City, the first lake governance PPP project in Zhejiang Province, to explore the government roles in the PPP cooperation model and its impact on project progress.

2. Analysis of Government role of Yuehu Water Ecological Governance PPP Project

In order to improve the water quality of Yuehu, the Yuehu Water Ecological Comprehensive Rectification Project has been launched a few days ago. This is also the first lake treatment PPP project in Zhejiang Province. The project aims to maintain a healthy human living environment and protect environmental health. At the same time, cultural tourism operations are allowed after completion, which meets the interests of both parties in public and private partnerships. After public bidding, Ningbo Kexin Huazheng Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. won the bid as a supplier. At the same time, Ningbo Tianhe Water Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. intends to invest 77.32 million yuan to implement the comprehensive governance of Yuehu Water's ecological environment.

By rectification, Yuehu's water quality will gradually increase from the current inferior category to Class III.

1. Prelimers: negotiator of competitive consultation

In the early days of the Yuehu project, the Government of Haishu District of Ningbo City played the role of the project through the role of the negotiator. In the process of competitive negotiations, the government clarified the rights and obligations of both parties through the form of contracts, and planned to determine the long -term development goals of the Yuehu PPP project "Ten Years of Contract and One Year Rectification Period". At this stage, the government adopted a competitive way to choose social capital with investment and operation management capabilities. The two parties set up contracts in accordance with the principle of equal negotiation. As the government's subject and private capital are in the equality position of both parties in the contract, the public and transparent negotiation methods have better safeguarded the interests of both public and private parties. For example, the government in the Yuehu project strictly defines the protected area, prevention zone, and building control areas. It is clear that Party B must complete the current inferior category during the contract period to gradually increase to the standards of Class III; while social capital provides public services, The government will also pay for social capital based on the results of public service performance evaluation. At the same time, competitive bidding gives full play to the survival of the fittest, thereby optimizing resource allocation.

2. Mid -term: After the PPP project is signed by the PPP project, the government party still needs to play the role of key supervisors. Specifically, government departments will formulate various dimensions of performance assessment methods to incorporate project progress, use of funds, future planning and other rules and institutionalized management track.

Taking the PPP project of water environmental governance as an example, first of all, government departments set the service scope and target effects of environmental service enterprises by formulating the five -level assessment standards for environmental meters and water environment. For different types of environmental governance projects, such water environmental performance assessment systems will be appropriately adjusted according to the actual situation. During the project implementation stage, government departments did not directly participate in production, but monitored the construction of the entire process project of environmental service enterprises with the role of project supervision and managers. At the same time, Zhejiang Province has also publicly announced the governance information of third -party governance projects through the establishment of an integrity file system. Including the operation of pollution control facilities, the discharge of pollutants, etc., so as to mobilize social forces to participate in water environmental governance.

3. Late stage: referee of the terminal acceptance acceptance

In the later period of the project, government departments need to check the project acceptance and order rectification of projects that do not meet the acceptance standards. In this session, the government's fair and selfless referee also affects the effects and output of the PPP project. Due to the public welfare attributes and weak business attributes of PPP projects such as water environmental governance, government parties often need to promise funding for corporate funds and land resources in the project execution period. The benign -operated PPP project requires government departments to strengthen funding with output, rights and obligations to ensure that the funding is used.

The PPP project of the Yuehu Governance of Haishu District, Ningbo is still in the project construction period. At present, the expected effect of inferior Vita water transforming into III water has been achieved. The supervision and assessment plan and the referee role of law enforcement by government departments. As the first lake governance PPP project of "Five Water Co -Governance", the experience of the Yuehu Governance Project has high promotion value.

3. "Referee" and "Supervisor": Government role evaluation in PPP partnership

With the development of economic and social development, the division of social division of labor has been continuously refined, and the introduction of market forces in the field of infrastructure construction has become an inevitable trend. In recent years, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the United Nations, the European Union, the United States, and Japan have vigorously promoted the PPP financing model in infrastructure construction; in the practice of the "five water governance" in Zhejiang Province, the PPP model also caused the water environment to pollute the environmental pollution Social co -governance is possible.

Compared to directly providing products and services, the government assumes more management in public-private partnerships, and outsourced the implementation process to market entities for operation. This role change has fully stimulated the vitality of the market entity. At the same time, the government's endorsement also reduces the risk of private capital to enter infrastructure construction projects, so that more non -public capital enters the field of public welfare water pollution control fields, alleviating the government's environmental governance for environmental governance Fund dilemma.

From the perspective of government innovation, because the PPP cooperation model is mainly concentrated in the pure public domain or a quasi -public domain, some scholars have proposed that PPP is not only a way to financing, but also a change in institutional mechanism. The innovation practice of the PPP model provides an opportunity for the reform of the administrative system of government units and the reform of the fiscal system. In traditional environmental engineering projects, the sustainable problem of project operation has become a big pain point. Relevant units often need government departments to provide long -term environmental allowances to be able to maintain. In the PPP model, government units introduce market entities to choose partners through survival of the fittest, to supervise directly intervention in production, instead of early investment through operation subsidies, and revitalize existing assets, thereby improving the efficiency of resource utilization, realizing the sustainable project development of the project, and the sustainable development of the project. Essence

From the perspective of social benefits, the change of government roles is conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of social entities to participate in public welfare. The PPP cooperation model transformed the government from the producers and "athletes" of the government's construction of public infrastructure to the supervisor and "referee" of the supervision and management market subject to participate in public products and public service production. In the process, the market entity will undertake public welfare projects through fair competition, and its results will give back to the society to achieve a virtuous circle. Therefore, the change of government roles is also of great significance to the development of social economy and the modernization of socialist modernization.

Fourth, conclusion

In summary, the PPP cooperation model has enabled the government's subject to realize the transformation from "inclusive" to "manager". The main points of government actions in the public-private partnership are that while grasping forward-looking plans and establishing a comprehensive access and supervision mechanism, it gives full play to the role of the market in environmental governance. In the early stage of the PPP project, the government made public bidding as a consultant, and achieved a reasonable allocation of resources through the survival of the fittest through the market. In the middle of the project, the government supervised the project development situation by formulating the strict assessment system and subsidized it according to operating benefits to ensure that the PPP project Efficiency and effect; During the assessment stage, the government accepts the project as a referee, and establishes project reserve resource libraries to achieve sustainable development of project operation and governance experience.

Author: Shao Yefan, Communication University of China

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