Three base points of "German Articles"

"Those who have virtues must have words" are well known. Xu is unintentional. People often do not read the second half of the sentence "there is no ethics". With these half sentences, it seems that the articles left by predecessors have virtue, but when they see the second half, they have the alertness of "Books Books Books Whether Boatless". It can be seen that Kong and Meng Lingxi communicate with each other, and their opinions are consistent. Exploring the characteristics of moral articles, I feel that the real "moral articles" are righteous, and they are reflected in three aspects: personality, insights and purpose. The morality of morality is morality, and the core is good. Moral articles should reflect the kindness of personality, the goodness of insights, and the good goals.

Personality of personality

The goodness of personality is the root of moral articles. Estimated the articles, the ancients have the contemporary opinions of the world, and the words of the article determined that the article is closely related to the author's usual people. Han Yu said in "Answer Li Yishu", "The journey of benevolence, the source of poetry", "the return of morality, the text is the text", which shows that the value of the author is consistent with the value of the article. Sexual, can only be convinced, first set up virtue and then say, "Rest the roots, but in fact, add its cream and the glory. "Ru Ru". "Relief" has a full goodwill. The Qing Dynasty Ye Yan wrote "Nanyou Ji" said that reading the article can reverse the author's person: "Looking at Li Qinglian's poem, and his people's minds and dust are unhappy; The loyalty of his person is compassionate, you do n’t forget, and you are unhappy. Other giants, such as Han retreating, Uncle Ouyang Yong, Su Zizhan, and others, all of them are such as their poems, poems like their texts, poems and texts. "Tongcheng sent Fang Bao to write" Answer Shen Qianju Book ", and also believes that the evaluation article should first consider the cultivation of the people. There are occasional exceptions to say that the situation in the poetry industry is" those who have not heard of the evil people ". Mix it. Fang's has more reservations about Liu Zongyuan and Wang Anshi, but also acknowledged that although Liu's "losses in the big festival", "Yu Xing can be described"; although Wang Anshi is "academic errors", "there is no inner line", and it has been reserved. Liu and Wang entered the article everyone's qualifications. Zheng Banqiao said that Su Dongpo never had defense against people, and did not believe that there were so -called bad guys in the world. He believes: "People are cute, and I am also cute; people are abominable, and I am also abominable." He admired Dongpo's mentality: "Dongpo feels that there are not bad people in the world in his life, the most benefit of his benefit. "If you are frank and living calmly, the article will not lack enthusiasm; all day long, as if there are villains around the pits, the whole world is full of traps, life is so tiring, the heart is full of shadows, and the pen is full of shadows. How can there be bright text. Although it is not all good people in this world, but people are cute, and I am also cute, which improves interpersonal relationships and broaden the space of survival, and will not annihilate the vision of the best with the whole society. "People of benevolence, their words are as kind", and those who have virtues are unlimited. Reading "The Analects of Confucius" "Sitting" section, the elderly who lived in the distant time and air, and a talk with a few young talents, those who were pushing a heart, those encouraging and appreciated words were revealed Human, calm, and wise personality charm and inspiration after learning, and the sincerity of righteousness, after years of hardship, still like the spring wind and rain, which is deeply moved by readers. Reading Feng Zikai's prose, of which the words described by the trivial matters of the trivial affairs were infiltrated with the true feelings of a loved scholar, kind and peaceful, and the sincere human sentiment and the world are better, to the world. Looking forward to the good, people feel the articles full of heat. "Moral is not lonely, there must be neighbors." Thousands of years, those articles full of virtue will be able to go through the years of washing and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

Words are voices, saying that they are disconnected, they must not be convinced. During the May 4th period, Zhou Zuoren was influenced by the trend of the times and had a positive attitude. He followed the May 4th Pioneer and devoted himself to the New Cultural Movement. At that time, his articles shouted for the new literature. In the era of anti -feudal and democracy, he played a positive role. In May 4th, the author turned to be negative. When writing fifty self -life poems, he was a trivial and humble state, showing his pen end. He wrote an article after the war and found a lot of rhetoric for himself. The text is like a person, and the person changes the text, and the letter. If Zhou Zuoren's transformation is due to the deterioration of life situation, then some people take the initiative to sell themselves. In his early years, Wang Jingwei joined the democratic revolution and wrote a poem "Generous Singyan City, calmly served as Chu prisoner. The knife became a fast, and he lived up to the younger head." As the nation was in danger, he chose to invest in the enemy. Hanoi sent a "gorgeous electricity" to lose sincerity to the invaders. Although his words were flashing, it was difficult to cover up the guilty conscience of the thief. When we talk about the text, of course, we ca n’t just look at what he wrote, but also depends on the spiritual weather in the text. The content of the text can be fake, but the inner spirit is difficult to install.

Goodness of insights

The goodness of insights is also the foundation point of virtue articles. The article can have a certain direction, show good and beautiful things, or have negative directions, expose and criticize unreasonable aspects, affirmation and negation, meaning opposite but can show the author's goodwill. Moral articles reflect the author's concern and expectations of social progress and popularity, and it is not difficult for readers to feel the author's kindness. Fang Xiaoyu wrote "Vietnam Witch", which was confused with the wizard by the wizard and the people's wealth. Natural disasters and human disasters have occurred frequently. The wizard in "Vietnam Witch" is ugly, and the article tells the reader that the wizard can neither save himself, and how can he save people? "Life is desire, and desires cannot be indifferent. Yuan Hongdao's "You Sumen Mountain Baiquan Ji" lists many ancient examples due to drowning. The analysis said: "It is not beneficial to the world, and I am confused to donate to life. , Tongren's precepts, but it is also covered by people. "Su Dongpo paid attention to health and kept the vigilance of preventing" drowning ". Because of the analysis of "meaning" and "attention", the meaning is only interesting. Pay attention to be trapped in it. Su Shi defines the division of the two, which can be used as a reference for readers to act on weekdays. The expression of goodwill is not silent and wrong, and say good words. Most of the articles have a needle that is not in the case of disagreement. Wang Anshi's "Injury Zhongyong" criticized the stupid education method to make a talented young man who should have paid the east of the future. The letter to the seam is not trustworthy. It should be seen that people should watch the big section. These criticisms sound harsh, but good medicine can benefit people. Ouyang Xiu's "African Church" believes that speaking and writing articles should be related to the evaluation of personnel, and there should be a "Ning Ning No". Speaking of good words, pleasing, and being good at others, but Ah Bing Feng was wicked up by a gentleman. Kang Kang wrote a book -off book, and he had a face -to -face person. Although he was unreasonable, readers could understand sympathy. How can we find the room to reconcile and slow down the cheeks. Considering that Sima's ambitions to usurp power, play with power, and implement terrorist rule, severely deteriorated the social ecology at that time. Readers did not unintentionally voiced in Kang Kang's letter, and they would also have identification. In the face of darkness, how can you be afraid of disaster and lack of struggle? The article involves the evaluation of personnel. Zeng Guofan advocates the truth that the derogation is proper. It is said that the goodness of people should not praise the overflow. It is called "Qixing" and "different signs", which is adjacent to the novel's birthday; the evil of people must be cautious. (Zeng Guofan's "Fu Chen Luan Ming Taishou Book")

My three provinces, my body, virtue articles have the author's reflection. Lu Xun's "Writing behind" Grave "said:" I dissect others from time to time, but it is more emotionally dissecting myself. "The author reviews It is also the warning and inspiration of readers. Through self -anatomy and rational torture, they will be able to obtain spiritual sublimation. When Hu Shi wrote the article "Tolerance and Freedom", it was rare, and his life would be upset. Hu Shi is not, and out of the old account, for his young people's attitude towards religious beliefs too narrowly, and more self -blame, lamenting that the believers next to him expressed a rare tolerance for his atheism position. I should use tolerance to repay the society's tolerance for me. "

The purpose is also good

The purpose of the writing of German articles must also be good. Marx's essence of human beings into "free and conscious activities", free and conscious activities, that is, purposeful activities, the writing of ethical articles must be attributed by human progress and social development. Lu Xun wrote an article on the standpoint of the Enlightenment, saying that it was "for life" and "improving this life". His works are concerned about the "sick society", "exposing the disease and causing the attention of treatment." In order to inspire readers who have been tortured, the author deliberately "delete some darkness, decorate some appearance, and make the work more bright." While "Kong Yiji" and "Xiang Linzhang", while giving up the darkness of society, they also expressed their expectations for the awakening of the oppressed. I think whether it is to rescue the innocent children or overthrow the banquet of eating people. Lu Xun consciously linked his writing activities with the social revolution and emancipation of the nation, reflecting the author's mind. Gu Yanwu's "Ri Zhilu" Volume 19 "The text must be beneficial to the world", saying: "The text should not be absolutely in the heavens and the earth, the Ming Dao also, the discipline and the political affairs, the people of the people, and the goodness of the people. It is beneficial to the world, and it is beneficial to the future. One more one more one more. If the husband's strange power is chaotic, nonsense, the saying, the text of this, if this person is damaged, it is not conducive to others, it is not beneficial to others , One more articles and more damage. "Whether moral articles are explaining doubts, guidance, or righteousness, united comrades, and recruiting categories, they all contain progress and development. The vision can become reality as soon as possible. Marx's "Manuscript of Economics in 1844" advocates independent thinking and has a clear attitude. "Any existence only thinks that it is independent when it stands with its own feet, and only when it rely on itself to exist, At that time, it stands with its own feet. People who live by others for the grace of others will regard themselves as a subordinate existence. " However, everyone is also, and the saints are also ", and the saints are" not thinking, and the fart that follows the voices. Gou An cannot last long. The crisis is around. I hope that the Chinese people will work hard to restore the Central Plains. The call in Lu You and Xin Qiji's words will still feel like a thousand years. Persuasion is also the theme of frequently appearing in ancient articles. In the early Ming Dynasty, Song Yan was famous, and "Sending Dongyang Ma Nister" describes the hardships of studying his studies when he was young. He told Ma Sheng poor and strong, and he could achieve academic studies, encourage his fellow villagers to learn, cherish the rare learning environment under the eyes, work hard to work hard, and strive to work hard. read. Yuan Mei's "Huang Sheng's Borrowing Borrowing" also asked the rich family when he was a teenager.

The concept of virtue articles is also the reason we conduct carefully and deeply reflect on the articles. There is a poor life in life. Although the book is a private behavior, although it is a private behavior, it will always have a higher moral pursuit to do learning, writing articles, black paper, and retaining the world. Many academic everyone is in the world, and the high wind and bright festival are moving, and they are also durable. In my opinion, the unity of learning articles and life is extremely high, and it is demanded by many high -quality literati and bachelor. The two deviate from each other, and writing an article to learn from each other. It is another set of people. There have been many academic disputes in modern China, and people who learn people in the portal and business are often mixed with many false words of attacking opponents. This is still different from Wang Anshi and Su Shi's political opinion. He studied poetry and exchanges. He has his mind and interest. Lu Xun attached great importance to the reason in the dispute, emphasizing that "abuse and intimidation are by no means fighting", and opposed the serious discussion and transformed into a woman's aunt Boxi. Hu Shi did not agree with Lu Xun's political tendency, but tried to stop his disciples' false slander of Lu Xun's irrational. Love knows its evil, evil is beautiful. Pingting mentality, respecting opponents, and accommodating different opinions, reflecting the virtue of people in the forest. Writing articles to pull the gangs, so my mystery, selling off, and falling into the book bag. The phenomenon of being enthusiastic about building a maze is more common in today's literary world. In fact, it cannot cover up the shallow and emptiness of the parties. To be an old man, seeking truth from facts, there is a bit of evidence to say that a few words are the right way. If you do n’t know, you have lost the scholar's duty, and if you are not honest, how can you produce moral articles? As for the mental absence, deliberately degrades others and raises themselves. This kind of stop is not worthy of being worthy of the return of morality and morality. The impureness of the composition is to choose the wrong way at the beginning. Plagiarism and plagiarism are even more deep. The abdomen was empty, and the expression was owed to the case. It was only a disgusting bad behavior that stayed in the literary world.

(The author is a professor at the School of Arts of Shenzhen University)

Content source: Literature and Art News July 29, 2022

WeChat editor: Lu Yimeng

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