Civilized root special planning (4) Fourth: Yang Chaoming: Why is it the core pursuit of Chong Zhengyi as the Chinese nation?|

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China Early Justice Theory Thinking of Ancient and present

I have the world, values ​​and methodology

It is the best path to the central coordinates, the best choice

Author: Yang Chao Ming Shandong University specially appointed professor, vice chairman of the International Confucian Federation, Vice President of the Chinese Confucius Society

Number of full text: 3086

Estimated reading time: 10 minutes

Since modern times, when Chinese academic circles talk about the so -called "justice" theory, they are used to the basis of the word "Justice" in Western language, and the discussion of many social issues has also begun. Now scholars clearly see that with the strong entry of "Western studies", the traditional culture with Confucianism as the main body is cold, and the Chinese academic community has a traditional "collective loss" of "Chinese justice". As everyone knows, China's "justice" doctrine is more deep and rich in connotation, and is the deep soil and solid foundation of the core value concept.

The Yao Shun era has begun to think about justice issues

Professor Huang Yushun systematically studies "China Justice Theory". In his opinion, there are two basic principles of justice in China: one is the "legitimacy principle", which includes two criteria: "justice" and "fairness"; The "suitable principle" also contains two criteria: "earthy" and "time -suitable". According to "Shangshu Preface": "In the past in Emperor Yao, clever Wen Si, Guangzhai World. It will be inferior to the position, let Yu Shun, and be written in" Yao Dian "." The principle of: "Qin Ming Wen Si'an, Yun Gongke gave up, the light was four tables, and the upper and bottom. Keming Junde, the pro -nine tribe. . "Yao Shun's rule has become a model of political governance. It is because they think deeply about the" number of heaven "and think about the" heart of the human heart "and" Taoxin ". According to the "Shang Shu" records, people deeply think and practice social management in the ancient times, such as "building the middle and the people, making things in love with righteousness, lingering in the heart, and being involved in the heart." ；, Follow the righteousness of the king; do nothing well, follow the way of the king; there is no way of doing evil, respect for the king. There is no biased and no party, the king is swinging;

The murals about Yao Shun's legend. Photo by Zhao Wei, a reporter from China News Agency

Ritual and music culture is the best embodiment of advocating justice

In ancient China, the whole society had a common value foundation. This is "ritual". It determines the legitimacy of power from different orientations such as sacred, virtue, procedures, and utensils. The ritual tradition is a large end of the Chinese culture tradition. Archaeologists have confirmed that when China entertains the threshold of civilization, Lile and Le Culture has treated and formed. In the Xia, Shang, and Wednesday, the ritual system of the Wednesday has a high level due to the profit and loss of the loss and loss of the profit or loss of the Emperor, so Confucius respects Zhou Gong and pushes Zhou Li. Zhou Li is a humanistic culture, which has the functions of different suspicions, changes, and disputes. "Zuo Zhuan" said: "Husband ceremony, the sutra of heaven also, the meaning of the earth." The country, the preface, the people of the people, the younger people, and the younger generations. "" Book of Rites "said:" The ritual person is also in the time of heaven, the landlord, the ghost and the gods, the people's hearts, and the people. "For The natural rationality of the ceremony, Confucius said "husband and ceremony, rational", "gentleman's ritual"; Confucius also said: "Bad countries, funerals, and dead people must go first." "Dear", so "Shang Shu" said, "The emperor as the parents of the people thinks the king of the world." Just as Christian Bo's spirit and sacred concept lies in love and respect, China penetrates love and respect throughout the ritual and music civilization, and deeply rooted in the filial piety of father and son's affection.

Taking "Destiny" as a reference, positioning in the whole

The ancient dynasty often used a certain ceremony and ceremony to show that they were "carried by the sky", which originated from the law of destiny from the regime. In the Confucian context, the "gentleman is expensive to heaven", "I don't know life, and there is no gentleman", so I especially advocate that the gentleman must be "fear of destiny". "Shangshu" said, "Heavenly listening to self -listening, heavenly vision of self -civil vision", "what people want, heaven must be obedient." In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou people realized that destiny was God's will, and God's will is public opinion. The Confucian masters established connotation and value standards for morality, ethics, politics, and law through a series of arguments such as "Wangba", "Yili", and "Human and Poultry". Mr. Yu Ronggen said in "Confucianism Thinking theory": "Rites, righteousness, benevolence, benevolence, heaven, and heaven are the ideals of Confucianism philosophy. The value standards of non -good and evil in the legal system ... The criticism of the critical spirit of Confucianism and culture does have the meaning of 'establishing a heart and the earth, and establishing the life of the people. "It contains the concept of good law, including justice and justice."

The essence of Confucianism is to use it. "Zhong" refers to the parties to the relationship between the relationship between the relationship between the two; The "middle" or "not in" of the judges should be targeting "destiny". Everything in the world has its own values, each has its own position. It is expensive to be doing a good job of yourself and finding the rhythm of your own life. Lao Tzu said, "Those who know, the winner is strong"; Confucius said, "For the benevolence, but the people do it?" Communication.

Shandong Tai'an Ten Thousand People Pray for Blessings. Photo by Zhang Ziqiu from China News Agency

Early thinkers' discussion on "justice"

Positive, later generations interpreted from the text as "keep one to stop." Lao Tzu said "Dao Shengyi" and "Camping Holding One"; Confucius said that "must be in Taiyi" and "I am one by one." In this thinking, everyone is bright, knowing, and "thinking about", and in the end, the society has reached the best. This kind of thinking is not looking around, looking around, but advocating adults of 絜 (xié). Righteousness, one of the "five constants", has the meaning of "justice". It is an extremely important category of morality. "Mozi Tianzhizhong" said "Righteousness, Zheng Ye". Among the pre -Qin Confucian masters, Confucius said "benevolence", "righteousness", Mencius talked about "benevolence", Xunzi first mentioned "justice", such as "Xunzi · just name", "Zhengli is the matter, and justice is the matter, justice is the saying that it is the saying that it is the saying that it is the saying. "It". The "righteousness" contains the legitimacy and justice of human behavior, and also includes the appropriateness and fairness of the judgment of the social system. Careful comparison analysis, not only the basic content of the "justice theory" of the West is in it, but also has richer meaning.

In the early days of justice in China, the idea of ​​ancient and modern, and the world, values ​​and methodology, was the best path and best choice to the central coordinates. Confucianism attaches great importance to "love" and "respect". The Analects of Confucius says: "Filial piety is also the foundation of benevolence." "We are convinced that force can lead to another kind of force, and only the laws of love and justice can achieve a thorough revolution." For love and justice, the faith in traditional Chinese civilization is completely thorough.

Any theoretical discussion must be based on the reality of history and reality. People must know that Chinese culture is like an endless tree, and its roots are deep and firm. We must correctly understand the development of ancient civilization and understand the profound wisdom and cultural creation of the Chinese ancestors. The ancestors recognized the world, with the heavens and the earth as the teacher. In the early classics of Chinese culture, the words of "World", "Wanfang" and "Four Seas" are endless. The truth that will change "" Dao Mi Yi Yi and the body damage ", etc., pay attention to the dissatisfaction of notes, inexhaustible, do it in the throne, and allow it to be in the middle.

"Respect the Heavenly Blessing" ceremony. Photo by Zhang Ziqiu from China News Agency

"The world is the public" is the concentration of China's Chongzong justice

"Avenue, the world is the public" is the social and political ideal of Confucius. He stands at the center of human development and thinks about the relationship between people's hearts and Taoism, human feelings, human righteousness, nature and human desire. "Said the text" says "the public", "public", "public consciousness" and "public ethics". Chinese Confucianism emphasizes "role ethics", that is, people are named and do their jobs. Such ethical requirements pay special attention to a person as a "ego" in the "big self", emphasizing collective consciousness, Xiangong Later private, emphasizing "private" obey in "public". Confucius believes that Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, and Wu era are the world of "Taoism", and people use the world as the public. Here, "Gong" can also be understood as "common". "The world is the public" means that people live in a common society.

The theory of justice reflected in the "world is the public" is the prerequisite for people's hearts, harmony in the world, and society. The general law of human civilization and the basic value lies in fairness and justice. It first manifested as the harmony and peace in social order. "Gong is not confused by private, and the regular beings are not wicked." From Confucius to Sun Yat -sen, to today, "the world is the public" is the ideal and pursuit of the Chinese nation. The "Datong" theory in the "Confucius Family" and "Book of Rites" and "Rites" is also regarded as the justice of the Chinese nation, and is a masterpiece of Confucianism and justice theory.

"Under the influence of Confucius theory, the great Chinese nation lived more and peacefully together for thousands of years under the influence of Confucius." In 1989, Dr. Taylor Dr. Taylor Dr. Taylor Director -General of UNESCO Said: "A successful and prosperous society today still based on many values ​​that Confucius explained." Confucius's thoughts are not "one place", it contains "the beauty of heaven and earth", "the principle of all things", "the principle of all things" " The ancients of the ancients ", so" Zhuangzi "said that" the Tao of the Internal Holy King "is" Taoism "rather than" Fangshu ".

We must recognize our cultural orientation and think about the relationship between Chinese civilization and the common value of human beings. These determine the characteristics, characteristics and characteristics of Chinese culture, and determine our philosophical wisdom and cultural weather. When Chinese people are busy making "decent fashion" for "excellent traditions", they must also work more about "excellent traditions" carefully.

About the Author:

Yang Chaoming, a special professor of Shandong University. Vice Chairman of the International Confucian Federation and Vice President of the Chinese Confucius Society. CPPCC National Committee. He has successively served as Editorial of Qilu Academic Magazine of Qufu Normal University, Dean of the Confucius Institute of Culture, Dean of the School of History and Culture, Dean of the Confucius Research Institute, and deputy director of the Nishan World Confucian Center. Published "Zhou Gong's Delivery Research", "The History and Culture of Lu Guo", "Research on Confucian Literature and Early Confucianism", "Research on the Research on Extraction and Confucianism", "Comprehensive Research on Confucius Family", "Confucianism and Chinese Dream", "Interpretation of the Confucius", "Confucius" "Family Language" "Confucius and Chinese Faith", "self -knowledge to cultural self -confidence" and so on.

Text Editor: Xu Crown

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