New Yellow River · Dialogue | Zhang Zhenguo: The Yangtze River Baiji, which is the same period as dinosaurs, has a great impact on the ecological environment after extinction.

New Yellow River Reporter: Jiang Dan

On July 21, Beijing time, the World Nature Conservation Alliance (IUCN) released a global red catalog update report, announcing that the Yangtze River Baiyan has been extinct.

The Yangtze River Baiji and Dinosaurs have survived for 150 million years on the earth. It was called "，" in ancient times, and the "Shan Hai Jing" recorded that it lived in the Biyang Water of Mengzishan, and there was a poem "there is 鲔 鱏" in the Book of Songs. The Yangtze River Baiji is huge, and the fishermen of the Yangtze River have the saying that "a jack of a salad is a pound of pounds." In 1994, the stamp of "票" was issued, including the Yangtze River Baiji, vivid and healthy.

At present, everyone has experienced the extinction of this ancient species. This is not only a report, but also closely related to everyone's daily life. Zhang Zhenguo, an associate professor of Shandong Normal University, has been committed to the research and protection of biodiversity. He was interviewed by a reporter from the New Yellow River in the field of field surveys in western Hunan. The impact of life.

Bai Yan pictures source see watermark watermark

I have experienced the common "adversity" with dinosaurs

New Yellow River: Related information shows that the Yangtze River Baiji has survived 150 million years on the earth. Please introduce this ancient fish. What does 150 million years mean for a species?

Zhang Zhenguo: Bai Yan is affiliated with the genus of Baiya, a climbing of the 鲟 张 张, mainly distributed from the Yangtze River dry flow and tributary of the Yangtze River below Yibin, Sichuan, as well as large -scale Tongjiang and lakes.

The Yangtze River Baiyan is an ancient and rare fish. The fisherman's saying "Xiang" "Xiang" refers to the Yangtze River Baiya. It is known as the "king of Chinese freshwater fish". The unique large fish was once very common and was called 鲔 in ancient times.

The Yangtze River Baiya has a large body shape, with a body length of 78 meters. His body is shuttle -shaped. The kiss minister is sharp, like a nose. The body color of Bai Yan is relatively lighter, the whole body is a long -shut -shape, the mouth is very sharp and huge lethal teeth. Light gray, the abdomen is tender white pink, and the appearance of white crickets is very representative in freshwater fish. From a distance, white 鲟 is like an elf. Essence

The Yangtze River Baiyan has the habit of tracing the water of the river to spawn. It inhabits the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The spring calendar is difficult and dangerous. It traces the river to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

The Yangtze River Baiji, who was "in the same period" as dinosaurs, had experienced a common "adversity" with dinosaurs, but stubbornly survived, indicating that they were "suitable" in nature. Secondly, their existence has great research value. From the perspective of biological evolutionary research, the extinction of Bai Yan is a great loss. Its existence has important value for our research on the evolution of species, the origin of life, and speculation that the environment of hundreds of millions of years ago.

As a zoom teacher, there is no way to study because of the rare situation of the Yangtze River Baiji, which is a pity. More mainly from the articles of professionals.

New Yellow River: Is there a longer history of the survival of aquatic species than the survival of land species on the earth?

Zhang Zhenguo: First of all, the most important thing is that the environment of aquatic creatures in the ocean is more stable than land, and the interference of humans to their living environment is relatively small, so aquatic species are less affected by environmental changes. The dependence on oxygen is extremely great, so oxidation free radicals in the body, faster metabolism, and greater harm to cells.

Zhang Zhenguo interviewee confessed

The conclusion of extinction is mainly based on on -site investigation and theoretical derivation

New Yellow River: What is the identification mechanism of species extinction? For example, maybe the Yangtze River Bai Yan, may it suddenly appear again one day, or is it possible for related organizations to miss some quantities during the investigation?

Zhang Zhenguo: There are two definitions of species extinction. In a narrow sense, if a species was not found in the wild within 50 years, it means that they have become extinct. In a broad sense, the last individual's death of a species marked the extinction of the species. These two definitions seem very similar, but there are actually very different differences. First of all, the last individual is very difficult to confirm; secondly, the extinction of species in the broad sense includes the disappearance of species in the wild and circle, while the narrow sense is the narrow sense. Refers to the extinction in the wild.

Let's give a simple example. South China Tiger is a unique tiger species in my country and one of the 6 sources of the existing tigers. They have been spreading most of us in the 20th century, but currently wild individuals have been at least 50 years. None of the above was found, so South China Tiger is an extinct species.

The conclusion of the extinction of Bai Yan is mainly based on on -site surveys and the theoretical derivation of Bai Yan's misunderstanding records. From 2017 to 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs supported the special work of the "Yangtze River Basin Resources and Environment Survey", and set up 65 survey stations in the entire river basin. More than 20 units participated. Discover Bai Yan. Theoretical derivation is mainly based on the collection of more than 80 literature and materials collected from more than 80 documents. From 1981 to 2003, a total of 210 tail -tailed white crickets were caught records, which could be pushed out of the possibility of extinction.

It is very rigorous to judge the extinction of species. It requires scientists to conduct a detailed investigation in the distribution area of ​​the species for many years, and it must be rehearsed every few years. The last individual of the species died at a certain time. You can announce extinction. Of course, in recent years, some species that have been announced in recent years have reappeared, nor can we say that it is not rigorous to announce the extinction of species, because there are many factors, such as the migration of species out of the original distribution area, and it appears in a more difficult place to find places. Essence

New Yellow River: Today, we can learn the extinction of the Yangtze River Baiya through news. In the past, what are the same paleontology of the Yangtze River Baiyan?

Zhang Zhenguo: For example, Dianchi Lake, as the name suggests, is the 蝾螈 of Dianchi Lake, and Dianchi Pool refers to Kunming Lake in Yunnan. Like the two species above the two species, Dianchi Lake is a unique species in my country, and Dianchi Lake 蝾螈 is only distributed in Dianchi Lake, and its rareness is self -evident.

Dianchi Lake is an ancient amphibious animal. Their body length is usually about 15 cm. The surface of the skin is moist and smooth, and likes to inhabit the light lake water area of ​​Dianchi Lake. As early as the 1950s, Dianchi Lake was a very common amphibious animal in Dianchi Lake. However, in less than 30 years, Dianchi Lake was extinct quickly.

New Yellow River: What is the biggest threat to these paleontology that have survived hundreds of millions of years or tens of millions of years on the planet?

Zhang Zhenguo: There are generally two reasons for species extinction, one is natural reasons, and one is human reason. The main reason is that in the long historical process, some of the creatures will adapt to the environment and gradually evolve, while others do not adapt to the environment.

The most important thing is human reason. Human activities have destroyed the living environment of other creatures, hunting other species for various reasons, causing species to extinct. The introduction of new species of the outside world without fully consideration sometimes greatly threatens the local original species, leading to the extinction of some species.

In the report released by IUCN, it is clearly stated that there are four main threats facing catfish worldwide, namely the overflow of catfish, the blocking of catfish migration routes, spawning fields and the loss of catfish habitat.

The creature itself has a certain evolution adaptability, but this adaptation is a long -term process. Human beings suddenly interfere with violent interference, making the ancient creatures unable to quickly adapt to the environment, greatly threatening their survival.

"鲟" stamp picture source see watermark

There are two other kinds of "存" survival situation severe

New Yellow River: Many readers will regret the extinction of the Yangtze River, but they may rarely think of its daily relationship with us. What are the common content related to the Yangtze River Baiji or its genus or species in our lives?

Zhang Zhenguo: The stamp of "中国" issued by China is based on Bai Yan as the main character, and the stamp vividly and vividly portrayed Bai Yan's healthy and strong body. Bai Yan, Yangtze River 华, Chinese 鲟, and 鳇, they belong to the Baiji family and 鲟 family of the total purpose of the hard scales of the fish, all of which are rare animals protected by the country. Fish, meat and caviar are famous in the international market, known as "black gold".

New Yellow River: From the perspective of long -term or macro perspective, what impact will the extinction of the Yangtze River Baiya have on our ecological environment and life?

Zhang Zhenguo: From a long -term or macro perspective, it has a very great impact on the ecological environment. It is also one of the biological chains. If the existence of lack of its existence is not only destroyed by the biological chain, maybe humans will also suffer or more. Also less influence. We have always said that the Yangtze River Baiyan is the king of the water. The extinction of the food chain will cause the food chain to be destroyed, which really makes people feel worried.

New Yellow River: What other paleo -biological fish like Yangtze River Baiyan currently face a relatively severe survival situation?

Zhang Zhenguo: In the Mother River of the Yangtze River, there are three famous "鲟". In addition to Bai Yan, they are Chinese and Yangtze River. They belong to hard bone fish, and they are also carnivorous fish in the same age. They appeared when the dinosaurs were extinct in the late Baiji period. They all belong to the national first -class protection of animals and also face a severe survival situation.

New Yellow River: As ordinary people, what can we do for these endangered species and what do we do to protect biodiversity?

Zhang Zhenguo: Since ancient times, my country has a sense of protection of "equality of all things". As ordinary people, we should bear the responsibilities and obligations of protecting the environment and protecting biodiversity. First of all, we must establish the concept of harmonious coexistence of man and nature, respect nature, and actively participate in activities of biodiversity protection and scientific popularization. Secondly, adherence to green development is a true sustainable development. Only when we live with nature with nature, naturally will give us a gift and treasure of human beings. Human beings will be punished in nature sooner or later. "Ecological prosperity is civilized, and ecological decay is civilized." I hope the tragedy will no longer repeat itself.

Edit: Weekend

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