Bai Yan was announced by officials!Can architects become the guardians of the future?

On July 21, 2022, the International Unional Union for Conservation of Nature and Nature Resources (IUCN) released the global endangered red catalog update report, officially announced that the White River is extinct, and the Yangtze River is extinct.

(Screenshot of the documentary "Save Dinosaur: Bow Fish")

As early as in the Shan Hai Jing, it was about the record of Bai Yan, "like a cricket and long nose, and no scales." Han Dynasty "Han Shi Wai Zhuan" stated that "the old Boya druming piano and the kinky fish came out" The kinky fish "is just white.

The extinction of Bai Yan made us heartache.

Baiji Memorial Stamps issued by China Post (source: Amazon.com)

In the history of the earth, a total of five biostatic extinction has been experienced, and the closest to us is the dinosaur extinction 65 million years ago. According to the center of biological diversity, the earth "is now in the 6th period of the animals and plants."

Since entering the industrial era, the speed of extinction of earth species has exceeded the speed of natural extinction by 1,000 times, and about 1,000 species extinction in the past 500 years. According to the World Nature Protection Alliance, there are still more than 500 birds, more than 400 beasts, more than 200 amphibious reptiles, and more than 1,000 high plants, which are on the edge of extinction.

The construction of human beings crazy symbolizes the "conquest" of human beings of nature, but this is one of the important reasons for biological extinction.

If humans constantly destroy the footsteps of natural ecology, there will be more creatures in the future.

In fact, the architectural design should not only be harmful. Through architectural design, we can create more things than the high -rise building itself. We can help our earth sustainable development.

01

Those buildings for wild animals

In recent years, many architects have begun to reflect, and from the perspective of wild animals to redefine what is high -quality buildings.

Elephants have special significance and symbols for Thailand, but in the past half century, due to the reduction of food and natural rain forests, the survival of elephants has been affected.

The local government tried to bring the people and elephants back to the land they had survived through a project called "Elephant World". The Elephant Museum came into being at this time. The design of the project is considered by the elephant. The architect designed 42 concrete pools to create a roof garden to provide elephant with sufficient food supply and sufficient food supply. With the help of human beings, Xiangqun has a new home.

(Source: ArchDaily)

The Chengdu Giant Panda Base Panda Xinhe, designed by Eid Architecture, is located in Maolin Xiuzhu in the northern suburbs of Chengdu. It provides a place that is closely related to nature. It is equipped with a spray system around the building to maximize the simulation of the natural ecology and create a comfortable temperature and humidity environment for giant pandas.

(Source: EID Architecture)

Iranian architect Sajjad Navidi conceived "Penguin Protection System (Penguin Protection System)" is a more ambitious plan. The architect noticed that as the temperature rises, the ice layer gradually melts, and the living space of Antarctic Emperor Penguin is getting more and more. Small, so Sajjad Navidi hopes to help penguins build a house, effectively protect the habitat of penguins, and save the penguins in danger.

Penguin Protection System (Photo Source: DEZ

The design is inspired by the Eskimo's ice house architecture, and based on the habits of Emperor Penguin who likes to warm up to sleep, each three -dimensional water hut can accommodate many penguins to live. The upper and lower structures of the ice house can be split. The cavernous cooling body below can be removed separately, which can delay the melting of the Antarctic Glacier, thereby effectively ensuring the living environment of the emperor's penguins.

The design has won many awards and inspired many architects.

Penguin Protection System (Photo Source: Dezeen)

From the 19th -century cage style, to the park type of the 20th century, and to today's protection center, people's design of zoo has been continuously improved. Designer Cheng Dapeng provides a unique "beast city" design plan for the Wild Zoo project of Inner Mongolia. The designer uses an abandoned rotten shopping mall as a carrier to try to transform it into a urban zoo where wildlife coexishes harmoniously with people.

(Figure Source: Figure Source Building)

The design of the beast city makes the type of animals more abundant from the vertical height. 90%of the three -dimensional space in the building has given animals. The animals here are no longer the landscape of being displayed. Instead, the owner of this field, the parrot in the air in the air Walking around, monkeys crawled on the flagpole of the square, the indoor atrium was transformed into a paradise for large -scale reptile animals. The lion tiger jumped on the artificial cliff ... animals became the main user of the building.

(Figure Source: Figure Source Building)

The superiority of human beings is not power, but higher emotions. It is hoped that in the future, more architects will start to pay attention to the survival of wild animals and think about the relationship between man and animals and nature. 02

Wildlife also needs the help of various infrastructure

When humans built a traffic network and reinforced concrete cities around the world, which greatly satisfied what we need, the habitat of wild animals was split, blocking the travel routes of wild animals for food, puppets, and migration. Essence

The crash of wild animals and vehicles was the most direct and extreme situation of road traffic affecting wildlife survival. According to incomplete statistics, in the United States, as a highway country, in the past 30 years, the number of animals killed by vehicles every year has exceeded one million. If this situation cannot be effectively relieved, many suffering will face extinction.

(Source: UNSPLASH)

Building wildlife bridges is a way to protect wildlife habitats. This is a series of barriers that allow wildlife to safely cross the highway, including underground passages, viaducts, amphibious tunnels, fish ladders, etc.

The Netherlands is one of the first batch of wild animal channels in the world. At present, more than 600 animal flyover has been built in the Netherlands. The Canadian National Park has 41 wild animal channels, including 6 flyover and 35 underground culverts. In tropical areas such as Singapore and Malaysia, if there are forests on both sides of the road, ropes are usually used to make crown bridges for pine and macaques and other trees.

Dutch Wildlife Channel (source: DEZEEN)

In 2012, my country promulgated the "Technical Regulations for the Design of Land Wildlife Corridor", which first proposed the design ideas of highway wildlife channels. Today, more and more "green channels" have begun to play a role. For example, for beasts and birds, Hubei Shennongjia National Park has built three types of animal channels: upper, lower culverts, and gentle slopes; The Qinghai -Tibet Highway has a channel bridge for the Tibetan antelope; the Simiao Expressway of Yunnan Province has set up a bridge tunnel for the Asian elephant ...

Tibetan antelope is crossing the Chanxue Channel of Qinghai -Tibet Railway (source: Source: Academy of Sciences of the Ministry of Transport)

Located in the southern Costa Rica Lazy Protection Foundation created more than 100 "sloth intersections". They tied the rope to the road and let the sloths pass through in 3 minutes. More than 20 other species were found to pass through the tree. The lazy passage includes the red -eyed frogs that skip the rope, and the long -lasting venomous animals swinging on one bar.

A sloth is passing through a rope bridge (picture source: the sloth protection foundation)

In the Netherlands, there is also a "bat bridge" that can provide habitats for bats. The bridge pier on the north can be used as a habitat for bats in the winter. The structure of the bridge body and masonry railings can allow bats to stay here in summer. The bridge is built along the flying route of the bat. To this end, it also optimizes the concrete structure of the bridge. The entrance slot is designed under the bridge, and the rough surface on the opening provides a grabbing point for the bat.

(Source: Next Architects)

Bee plays a very important role in our lives, including butterflies, birds, beetles, moths, bats, and other insects that spread powder between flowers. Leaving them, 90%of the flowers in the world cannot reproduce. Our food supply will be threatened.

Since 2012, 85 cities around the world have been certified as "bee cities". These cities have begun to start from large -scale planting local plants that have been planted throughout the year to meet the demand for foods for powder and actively participate in the need for food to pass food and actively participate in it. In the protection of powder creatures. The city of Byton, Britain, recently passed a planning law, which requires the use of special bricks in new buildings to provide hives for monopoly bee. According to the regulations, all new buildings of more than five meters must include bee bricks and swallows nesting boxes. The size of the bee brick is the same as that of ordinary bricks, but there are many small holes suitable for beefedes to build nests.

(Source: Dezeen)

Large -scale application of glass and other building materials has caused a fatal death threat to birds in the city, and a large number of birds hit the building death accident every year. New York City, USA, passed a local regulations in 2019, requiring all new construction buildings to use glass materials that can ensure the safety of birds, such as reflected glass of ultraviolet rays.

The "AQUA" designed by architect Jenny Gan is a typical "bird -friendly" skyscraper. The use of wave -shaped design and convenient bird recognition, and the use of gray sintering glass, effective The probability of reducing birds to hit the glass curtain wall (picture source: http://studiogang.com/)

In the future, the protection of wildlife and biological diversity is placed in the consideration of infrastructure construction and urban planning. It is what our wildlife workers, urban planners, architects and artists need to be completed together.

03

Human beings and wild animals live together, a more harmonious future

At present, the global population is close to 8 billion, while the number of wild animals on the earth is decreasing, and the conflict between humans and wild animals is also increasingly acute due to population growth.

During the epidemic, the total human activity of the city decreased, and wild animals shook them on the streets. This allowed people to begin to empathize with animals and start thinking. Perhaps the relationship between humans and nature can change from confrontation to fusion. Can be more. (Screenshot of the documentary "The Year of the Earth")

Make the environment livable and the relationship between people and nature is also the mission of architects.

If we can observe from multiple angles such as humans and nature, soil and plants, plants and animals, we may find a new way of building.

Hegang House is a residence designed by Takeda Qingming Architectural Design Office. The house is located at the junction of natural parks and residential areas. In addition to the living of two generations, the roof garden is a shared space for man and nature. The soil layer around the structure is a new home specially built for animals and plants.

Hegang's house is a building that is not only an attempt to accommodate other creatures. Over time, these trees will grow, and the biological types will continue to increase. In the end, a small ecological forest may be formed here.

(Source: Takeda Kiyomi Architectural Design Office)

The "Red Sea Project" is a tourism development project that Saudi Arabia has proposed around the Red Sea area. The project includes an islands composed of more than 90 islands, the desert of thousands of meters, and the spectacular volcanic landscape.设计 设计 设计 隈 is entrusted to design Ummahat Alshaykh Island, one of the 22 holiday islands, which are also habitat for many endangered birds and turtles.

In terms of building location selection, Kenago deliberately avoided the ecological sensitive area, and used the northern part of the island as a wild animal and plant protection area. It did not configure any buildings. Animal habitat nest. On the villa area on the land, the roof of the building imitates the natural sand dunes, bent gently, and folds to the ground downwards, seeking the relationship between the overall curve shape of the building and the harmonious relationship between the ground.

(Source: Jianyan Urban Architectural Office)

Some people may worry about living with animals and plants, will it cause interference? In fact, the ecosystem is a very delicate and complex whole. Studies have proven that the more complete the ecosystem, the lower the risk of wild animal transmission diseases we face.

Conclusion

(Picture source: pixabay)

David Edenburg, the producer of natural documentary such as "Pulous Pulse", "Blue Planet", "Plant Kingdom", said: "Humans are the smartest creatures on the earth, but to continue, only IQ is not enough. What we need is wisdom. "

Many buildings today are designed from the perspective of human "creators", but human beings should not dominate all things. The earth is not a human earth. The real harmony is friendly and awesome.

Reference materials:

"How did humans lose the last chance to save Bai Yan? "(" Sanlian Life Weekly ", author: Wang Haiyan)

"A Day Magazine" (A Day Magazine)

"Moving the Wild Zoo into the high -rise abandoned shopping mall | Symbiosis practice: beast city (public account: youth architecture)

"Freedom of Rights to Animals" ("New Weekly", Author: Zhou Xiaoxi)

Where is the "City for Nature︱ magic animal? How to create a pot of heaven and earth for wild animals in cities "(Public number: List of Mountains and Sustainable City and Transportation, Author: Citipedia)

"Home of" Everything "(public account: hollow architecture)

Recommended books

"Ecological Urbanism"

This book does not stick to the boring historical traceability and deepening of the origin, development, and evolution of the city. Instead, looking at the future, with unique imagination, we have built various possible channels and technical references for us in the future. It is also the main line of ecological cities, based on the ideas of ecosystems, which is the charm and value of this book.

"Sustainable Design"

This book comprehensively introduces the sustainable design of the building. The book from the venue problem, the water use efficiency, the active and passive technology of energy efficiency, the indoor environmental quality, materials, rating system, and future outlook. In all aspects of the design, and through many successful cases, the boring theoretical will be specific, so that architectural designers will fully understand the available technology in green architectural design in a short time, grasp the key points, and refuse boring.

"The Future City of our Dream"

Taro Taro, a historian of architecture, and Taro, Taro, talked about these future cities that have been imagined from architecture and science fiction. Performable futures.

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